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Biological Agents
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Biological Agents - definition: A micro-organism (including those which have been genetically modified), a cell culture, and a human endoparasite which may be able to provoke any infection, allergy or toxicity...
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Biological Agents - definition ctd.:…classified into 4 risk groups according to
their level of risk of infection Group 1: Unlikely to cause human
disease.
Group 2: Can cause human disease and might be a hazard to employees but unlikely to spread to the community.
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Group 3: Can cause severe human disease and presents a serious hazard to employees and may present a risk of spreading to the community (usually effective prophylaxis or treatment).
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Group 4 : Which causes severe human disease and is a serious hazard to employees and may present a high risk of spreading to the community - usually NO effective prophylaxis or treatment).
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Put them in order of danger…
Hepatitis B virusFasciola HepaticaEbola virusStaphylococcus aureusE. coli 0103
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Class 2Fasciola HepaticaStaphylococcus aureusClass 3Hepatitis B virus (* V D)E. coli 0103 (* T)Class 4Ebola virus
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Legislation
Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 1989.
Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Biological Agents) Regulations 1994.
Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Biological Agents) Amendment Regulations 1998.
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Reg. 3 - Employer’s Duties avoid use prevent exposure where risk shown (R.A.)reduce exposure to as low as possibleapply schedule 2good safety & hygiene principles even
where low risknot deliberate work (schedule 1) - comply
with key regs.
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Reg.. 4 - Risk Assessment
The process of evaluating and ranking the risks to health and safety at work arising from hazards at the workplace.
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Reg.. 4 - Risk Assessment
Review Biological Agent Stop
+Your work /Alter ?? SAFE ??
YES NO
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Reg.. 4 - Risk AssessmentAssess risk: nature, degree & duration of
exposure, safety measureswrittenseveral groups: all hazardous agentsrenew regularlyrelevant information: classification,disease
info., potential allergic or toxigenic effectsknowledge of the diseaserecommendations from H.S.A.
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RA - Also considerMeans of infectionIf not classified - what likely classification
(err on the higher risk level) Persons at risk..Particularly “Special Risk Gps” e.g.
pregnant employeesThe doseNature of the work
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Reg.. 5 - Information/NotificationRA and relevant information to H. S. A.where RA reveals risk to health to provide
appropriate information (RA results, # of employees exposed, emergency plan)
inform H.S.A. of accident/incidentnotification to H.S.A. of 1st time work with
class 2-3 biol. Agents, etc.notification details.
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Reg.. 6 - Protective MeasuresNo eating/drinkingprovide suitable PPEsuitable hygiene facilitiesPPE arrangementssample procedures
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Reg.. 6 - Protective Measures ctd.work clothes separate from PPEdecont./cleaning procedures -
PPE/clothesapply special protective measures from
RAvaccination procedurerecommendations of Schedule 5
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Reg.. 7 - Information, Training…
Provide sufficient training health risks, precautions, hygiene, PPE., accident procedures
other employers/employeeinduction training and updatingwritten instructions, display noticescommunication in the event of an emerg.
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Reg.. 8 - Reporting Accidents
Employee’s duty to report any accident/incident.
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Reg.. 9 - Records
Record of employee exposed to Gp. 3/4for 10 yearsfor at least 40 years where potential disease
indications neededaccess to personal informationaccess to relevant collective informationaccess to relevant agencies, personnel
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Reg.. 10. Health Surveillance
Provide relevant health surveillance
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Reg. 10. Healthcare/Veterinary WorkPay particular attention to the risks of this
workPay particular attention to the uncertainties
of such work UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Decontamination/dis-infection proceduresWaste proceduresIsolation facilities - Gp 3 or 4
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Reg.. 11 - Labs, Animal Rooms
Determine containment measures Gp. 2, 3 or 4 for research, development, teaching or diagnostic purposes.
Carryout work in accordance with relevant containment level
Uncertainty - level 2 may cause disease but not cultivating/concentrating BA
Containment level 3 or 4 when appropriate
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Schedules
1 - Indicative list of Activities2 - Risk Reduction Measures3 - Biohazard Sign4 - Classification of Biological
Agents (amended by 1998 Regs).
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Schedules
5 - Vaccination Practice6 - Health Surveillance7 - Containment measures/levels8 - Industrial Processes
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Hierarchy of Controls - Sch. 2Eliminate - substitute - limit use of
agent;limit number of employees exposed;use engineering controls;minimise releaseuse collective (then individual)
protective measures;
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Hierarchy of Controls - Sch. 2
use hygiene measures;use signs;emergency planstesting for agentwaste handlinghandling procedures
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Biohazard sign
BLACK ON A YELLOW BACKGROUND
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PRACTICAL POINTS
Biological Safety Cabinet
Vrs
Laminar Flow Cabinet
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PRACTICAL POINTS
EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE
(Including decontamination procedures)
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PRACTICAL POINTS
WASTE DISPOSAL
(autoclaving, secure storage)
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Resources
Health & Safety Exective (UK) MaterialBS 5726 (1992) - Biological Safety Cabinets
Parts 1-4Codes of PracticeSOPs