A legacy of : the Census of

Antarctic Marine Life (CAML)2005-2010

and the International Polar

Year

The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

“To provide a benchmark of the Southern Ocean biogeography knowledge, following CAML,…

… to fulfill the needs of biogeographic information for

science, conservation, monitoring and sustainable

management of the Southern Ocean, in the context of

environmental change and increasing human pressure”

Objectives

• 66 chapters• >800 maps• 147 authors• 15 editors• 91 institutes

representing 22 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, UK & USA)

• 4 years in the makingThe Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern

Ocean

Covers the biogeographic patterns and processes of:• benthos

• plankton and sea ice• nekton (squid and fish)

• bird and mammal top predators The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Contents

1. Introduction2. Methods (data, gap analysis, modelling)3. Evolutionary Setting4. Environmental Setting5. Biogeographic Patterns of Benthos6. » of Plankton and Sea-Ice Biota7. » of Fish8. » of Birds and Mammals9. Changes and Conservation in the Southern Ocean 10. Patterns and Processes of S.O. Biogeography11. The Dynamic Biogeographic Atlas Project12. Conclusions: Present and Future of S.O. Biogeography

The Dataset

1.07 million occurrencerecords (validated by

experts)

from 9,064 species

and >434,000 distinct sampling stations

The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Sampling Stations

Species

Data distribution patterns

The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Whales and dolphins: Orcinus orcaAll observations

The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Euphausia superba

Presence-absence

Modelled habitat suitability

Uncertainty in prediction of habitat suitability

Pelagic Regionalisation

Spatial distribution of the 20 clusters types

based on • summer

climatological SST • depth

• proportion of time covered by sea ice

The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Next step :

the online Dynamic

Biogeogeographic Atlas

on www.biodiversity.aq

• updates (share your data !) • re-generation of maps • more functionalities

(modelling, ..)

Thanks:

Funded by:• the A.P. Sloan Foundation (New York)

through the Census of Marine Life• the TOTAL Foundation (Paris)

• the Cosmos Prize Foundation (Tokyo)

Supported by:• Belgian Federal Science Policy (Belspo)

• Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences• British Antarctic Survey (Cambridge)• Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris)• Australian Antarctic Division (Hobart)• Census of Antarctic Marine Life