BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER III (2017-18)
Paper 1: Enzymology (Core) - 4 Credits
UNIT – I
Isolation and purification, Classification and nomenclature of enzyme .
Enzyme catalysis: Enzyme specificity and the concept of active site , determination
of active site. Stereospecificity of Enzymes.
UNIT – II
Enzyme kinetics: Factors affecting rates of enzymes catalyzed reaction ,
unisubstrate reaction , concept of Michaelis – Menten, Briggs - Haldane
relationship . Determination and significance of kinetic constants , catalytic rate
constant and specificity constant . Limitations of Michaelis – Menten kinetics.Line
weaver Burk plot and its limitation.
UNIT – III
Classification and kinetics of multisubstrate reaction, sequential and ping pong bi
bi models with examples.
Reversible and irreversible inhibition, competitive, non competitive and
uncompetitive inhibitions.
UNIT – IV
Mechanism of catalysis: Proximity and orientation effects, general acid – base
catalysis, concerted acid – base catalysis, nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks,
catalysis by distortion, metal ion-cataysis. Theories on mechanism of catalysis.
Mechanism of enzyme action: mechanism of action of Lysozyme, Chymotrypsin,
Carboxypeptidase. Multienzyme system, Mechanism of action, regulation and
coenzyme of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Fatty acid Synthetase complexes.
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
UNIT – V
Enzyme regulation: General mechanisms of enzyme regulation, Allosteric
enzymes, sigmoidal kinetics and their physiological significance. Symmetric and
sequential modes for action of allosteric enzymes. Reversible and irreversible
covalent modification of enzymes.
Immobilized enzymes and their industrial applications.
REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Understanding Enzymes by T. Palmer
2. Enzymes by M. Dixon and Ec. Webb
3. The Enzymes by PD Boyer
4. Principles of Biochemistry by Geoffrey L Zubey,
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER III (2017-18)
Paper 2: Metabolism I (Core) 4 Credits
UNIT – I
The concept of Gibbs free energy, exergonic and endergonic reactions , redox
potential. High energy bond and key position of ATP, Substrate level and
oxidative phosphorylation. Electron Tansport Chain, Inhibitors and uncouplers of
Electron Tansport Chain.
UNIT – II
Carbohydrates: Glycolysis and glycogenolysis and their regulation, glycogen
storage diseases Glycogenesis and Gluconeogenesis, Cori’s cycle. Role of
hormones in blood sugar regulation.
UNIT – III
Degradation of carbohydrates: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, reactions,
regulation and energetic of kreb-cycle, Glyoxalate pathway, Pentose phosphate
pathway and its physiological significance, Uronic acid pathway and its
importance.
UNIT – IV
Lipids: Oxidation of fatty acids- mitochondrial β-Oxidation, α-Oxidation and ω-
Oxidation, Oxidation of unsaturated and odd-chain fatty acids, ketone bodies.
Biosynthesis of fatty acid- saturated and unsaturated.
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
UNIT – V
Phospholipids and glycosphingolipids- synthesis and degradation, lipid storage
diseases.
Salient features of the metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids.
Regulation of lipid metabolism.
REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Textbook of Biochemistry by West Todd
2. Biochemistry by A. Lehninger
3. Review of Biochemistry by Harper
4. Biochemistry by Stryer Lubert
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER III (2017-18)
Paper 3: Plant Biochemistry (Elective) - 4 Credits
UNIT – I
Structure of Chloroplast, Photosynthesis, dessipation of excitation energy by
chlorophyll, photosynthetic electron transport chain. Thylakoid membrane protein
complexes – PS I, PS II, LHC II, Cyt b6f, ATP synthase complexes, cyclic
photophosphorylation.
UNIT – II
Calvin cycle: Biochemistry of RuBP Carboxylase/oxygenase, activation of
RUBISCO, oxygenation reaction, photorespiration and compensation point,
photosynthetic efficiency. Regulation of enzymes of carbon dioxide fixation by
light;Difference between C3 and C4 plants Hatch and slack pathway, CAM plants.
UNIT – III
Nitrogen metabolism: Nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase complex, mechanism of
action of Nitrogenase. Structure of ‘NIF’ genes and its regulation. Hydrogen
uptake and bacterial hydrogenases.
Nitrate metabolism: Enzymes of nitrate metabolism, regulation of their synthesis
and activity.
UNIT – IV
Ammonia assimilation, Nitrification, Denitrification, Nitrate and sulphate
reduction and their incorporation in amino acids.
Translocation of organic and inorganic substances.
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
UNIT – V
Special features of secondary plant metabolism, formation of phenolisc, tannins,
lignin, terpenes, terpenoids and alkaloids.
Water and mineral balance in plants.
Structure, function and mechanism of action of phytohormones- Auxin Gibberlin
ABA, Cytokinin and Ethylene.
Defence system in plants.
REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Plant biochemistry by P.M. Dey & J.B. Harborane
2. Plant biochemistry by Geza Doby
3. Plant biochemistry by Bonner and Varner
4. Recent Advances in Plant biochemistry by Mehta S.L. and Lodha M.L.
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER III (2017-18)
Paper 4: Biotechnology (Elective) - 4 Credits
UNIT – I
Basic principles of genetic engineering: Methods of creating recombinant DNA
molecule, splicing, properties of restriction endonucleases and their mode of
action. Construction of DNA library: Genomic library and cDNA library, chemical
synthesis of gene.
UNIT – II
Structure, selection and screening of Cloning vectors (lambda phage, plasmid, M-
13 phage, cosmid, shuttle vectors) and expression vectors
UNIT – III
Analysis of genomic DNA by southern hybridization, Northern and Western
blotting techniques.
Restriction mapping: Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Rapid
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Amplified fragment length
polymorphism (AFLP).
UNIT – IV
DNA sequencing techniques: plus and minus, dideoxynucleotide, Maxam and
Gilbert method, Amplification of DNA by polymerase chain reaction
(PCR).Appliocations and variation of PCR.
Site directed mutagenesis. Antisense RNA technique.
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
UNIT – V
Transfection methods for animals and plants electroporation, particle gun,
microinjection.
Transformation techniques for plants-: Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer and
direct gene transfer.
Application of genetic engineering in medicine and agriculture, vaccine
production.
Reference Books-
1. Gene Cloning An Introduction by T.A. Brown
2. Principles of Gene Manipulation by R.W. Old and Primrose
3. Biotechnology by B.D. Singh
4. Elements of Biotechnology by P.K. Gupta
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER III (2017-18)
Paper 5: Environmental Toxicology (Elective) - 4 Credits
UNIT – I
Fundamental of toxicology.Definition and Scope.Types of toxic substances.
Dose response relationship.Xenobiotic metabolism: 1) Absorption 2) Distribution
3) Metabolism 4) Phase –I reaction and Phase II reaction.
UNIT – II
Types of exposure.Types of toxic response.
Tissue specificity and organ specificity of toxicity (w.r.t. liver, lungs, kidney)
Diagnosis of toxic changes in liver and kidney.Drugs as toxic substances.
Metabolism of haloalkanes,haloalkenes and paracetamol with their toxic effects on
tissue.
Food toxicology: Role of diet in cardio vascular disease and cancer, Toxicology of
food additives.
UNIT – III
Pesticide’s Toxicology: 1) Insecticide toxicology: Organochlorines,
Organophosphates, Carbamates 2) Herbicide toxicology Paraquat.
Metal toxicity: 1) Arsenic 2) Mercury 3) Lead 4) Cadmium
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
UNIT – IV
Environmental Pollution: Air Pollution, Common air pollutants and their sources,
acid rain, ozone layer depletion, water pollution.
UNIT – V
Toxicity by natural products: Plant toxins, Animal Toxins, Microbial Toxins
(Fungal and bacterial)
Toxicity by household products: carbon monoxide, Antifreeze, Ethylene glycol,
Alcohol.
Toxicity testing: Acute Toxicity Test, Sub Acute Toxicity Tests, Chronic Toxicity
Tests
REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Principles of Biochemical Toxicology by John Trimbell
2. Introduction to Toxicology by J.A. Trimbell
3. Pharmacology and Toxicology by B. K. Rao
4. Textbook of veterinary Toxicology by H.S. Sandhu, R.S. Brar
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc SEMESTER III (2017-18)
Paper-6 Advanced Biochemistry (Elective) - 4 Credits
Unit-I – Genome Organization
Organization & Structure of eukaryotic chromosome
Role of nuclear matrix in chromosome organization & function
Heterochromatin & Euchromatin
DNA reassociation kinetics (Cot Curve analysis), repetitive & unique sequence
Satellite DNA, DNA melting & buoyant density, nucleoside phasing
Unit-II- Molecular Biological Technique
Nucleic acid isolation – Isolation of genomic DNA, RNA, Plasmid DNA
PCR, Blotting techniques & hybridization technique
RNA Interference
Genetic mapping & genetic marker – RFLP, mini & macro satellite, RAPD, AFLP
Gene knockout
Unit-III- Cell Signaling
Signaling molecules & their receptors
Function of G-Protein- coupled receptor
Protein tyrosine kinase & cytokine receptor
Pathway of intracellular signal transduction
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
Unit-IV- Plant Metabolism
Photosynthesis-general features of photophosphorylation, Light absorption, light-
driven electron flow, ATP synthesis by phosphorylation.
N 2 metabolism- Biological N2 fixation, nitrogenase complex, biotechnology of N2
fixation, role of leghemoglobin, regulation of nif gene
Unit-V- Metabolic disorder
Inborn error of protein metabolism
Inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism
Inborn error of lipid metabolism, lipid storage diseases.
Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, Arthritis, Gout.
REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Principles of Gene Manipulation by R.W. Old and Primrose
2. Cell Biology by Karp
3. Recent Advances in Plant biochemistry by Mehta S.L. and Lodha M.L.
4. Biochemical Disorders in Human Disease by Thompson and Wootton
5. Biotechnology by B.D. Singh
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta
M.Sc. Semester III Practical 1
Practical List
1. Extraction and estimation of Proteins from plant material.
2. Extraction and estimation of RNA from plant material.
3. Extraction and estimation of DNA from plant material.
4. Estimation of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in plant material.
5. Determination of peroxidase activity in plant material.
6. Determination of Nitrate reductase activity in plant material.
7. Determination of Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in plant material.
M.Sc. Semester III Practical 2
Practical List
1. Estimation of activity of salivary amylase by DNS method.
2. Effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity.
3. Effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity.
4. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity
5. Effect of pH on enzyme activity.
Prof. A.R. Batham Dr. A. Bafna
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Mrs Surya Sugandhi
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Pooja Gupta