Core X:Name Here
Bio-Economics
Supply and Demand According to Chance
1) Oxygen and Mitochondria
2) In Vitro to In Vivo Measurements
3) MRI to Optical Imaging
Grand Unified Theory of Britt
SupplyDemandBalance and Feedback
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demandIncreased Demand: higher costUnless Supply reacts to meet demand
DemandQuantityPriceEconomics: Supply and DemandBalance and FeedbackSupply: G(BC)P
70503010Pubs/yearResults: 1478Times cited: 68,155Ave. citations per: 46.11h-index: 122 d pulse ~60 yrsImpact: ~3d ~200 yrsDemand
1500Citations/year1000Results: 1478Times cited: 68,155Ave. citations per: 46.11h-index: 122 d pulse ~60 yrsImpact: ~3d ~200 yrs
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand
Increased Demand: higher Metabolic costUnless Supply reacts to meet demand
SupplyDemandQuantityPriceBio-Economics: Supply and DemandCell-Vascular Coupling DiseasesCoronary Artery Disease, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Cancer, Neurological Disease, Diabetes Consequences (causes)Restricted blood flow to tissue Cellular O2 demand cannot be metIschemia, hypoxia, necrosisROS generationImpaired cellular function, mitochondrial disease
Causes (consequences)Decreased vessel compliance, remodelingendothelial/eNOS damage, impaired reactivity, 8Cell-Vascular Coupling DiseasesQuantify tissue oxygen consumption, perfusion Perturbations: Occlusion, breathing, exercise...
Individual Physiology: detection, diagnosis, therapy response
BC Pioneered Optical Measurements9Intrinsic Signal Optical Imaging
Remove skin/muscle, thin skull. Mechanical Movement of C2 Whisker. 5 deflections at 5 Hz. Illuminate with 630 nm light. Measure change in remitted light.
Grinvald, Lieke, Frostig, Gilbert, and Wiesel, Nature, 1986.
WhiskerStimulatorLens
Ron Frostig, UCI Hemodynamic Response stimulation
Initial DipOvershoot (BOLD)Undershoot
1 mm630 nm light (deoxy Hb)t ~ 1 st ~ 4 st ~ 7 sSpatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI)Rd (fx)Spatial Frequency, fx (mm-1)
a, s'Cuccia et. al., Opt Lett, (2005)Cuccia et. al., JBO (2009)
10photondensitydepthTissueTissueStructured lightSFDI Implications:
Optical Property Mapping
Depth-Resolved ImagingTissue: a low-pass spatial filter12
Hyperspectral SFDIL. Gao, R. T. Kester, and T. S. Tkaczyk,Opt. Express 17, 12293-12308 (2009).Full images (350 x 350 pixels) of 46 Wavelengths at 5 Hz.
Close upPhoto of Mapper
Soren Konecky
Tomasz TkaczykIntrinsic Signal Tomograpy
depthBlack & White: Baseline
Color: Functional Change
increasedecrease-110.5-0.5
Biomedical Optics Before Chance (B.C.)
Light SourceDetectorcuvettepre-1987 Biomedical Optics Chance Era (C.E.)
No Cuvette (too expensive)
Abundant supply of body parts
Time-shared laser sources (off time saves $$)
RF electronics = Radio Shack
Grand Unified Theory of Britt
SupplyDemand
New Unit of Measure:1 BCU = 100 mW/cm2
~Max exposure intensity for biotissue damage
BCU: Max intensityAt the limit
Photons are Cheaper$106/Tesla$10-14/photon