Download - BIO 362 Exam 1 Package
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8/11/2019 BIO 362 Exam 1 Package
1/66
bgray-botgs.doeup`olaga iy usgr YD
D`lss; IFO 489
@gdturg/Gxle; Gxle < tuay !u"ag
d#oo`; I$
gegstgr; pr"b% 9&
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8/11/2019 BIO 362 Exam 1 Package
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"#$ %&' le *gvfgw oh +gdturg Qrlbsdrfiga lba +glrbfbj$i,gdtfvgs bswgrga
@GDQWYG
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8/11/2019 BIO 362 Exam 1 Package
3/66
!fag;3ow ;ogs eeobfl igdoeg fbdorporltga fbto efbo dfas8
1yd`g tmlt oddurs fb p`lbts L efdroigs (aogs bot oddur fb lbfel`s)
S`lbts lba =fdroigs mlvg `utlefbg 4ybtmgtlsg I 4 lba $Q I
`utleltg 4ybtmlsg.
=S34#D tmlt +AQ=#B 40BQ3Q4(4) fs houba fb
=leel`s lba 3uelbs9
$Q #4 B$Q(+A=Q 40BQ3Q4)
eeobfl fs doup`ga to l-ngtoj`urltgto hore j`utleltg.
/frst bzyeg (`utlefbg 4ybtmgtlsg )4 wf`` tl:g prg-gfstfbj j`utleltg
lba husga leeobfl obto tmg sfag dmlfb to hore `utlefbg. eeobfl laas to
sfag dmlfb oh `utleltg to hore `utlefbg. `utlefbg fs bow l suistrltg hor
tmg gbzyeg "O"LQ #"@WQL$LQG %&Q'GQLG( ) 0ou tl:g
leeobfl hroe j!utlefbglba laa ft to l-:gtoj`urltg to hore j!utleltg.
`utlefbg fs rgdobvgrtga ild: to `utleltg. `utleltg fs dobvgrtga to
`utlefbg! lba tmgb ild: to `utleltg (B$ BQ "#$40BQ34#4 $/
+AQ=#B B; +AQ=Q) ba *gegeigr tmlt $Q fs bot
prgsgbt fb eleel`s.
4o you lrg smutt`fbj leeobfl (B3%) laafbj ft to `utleltg tmgb dobvgrtga
ft `utlefbg tmgb trlbshgrrga to l-:gtoj`utlrltg lba tmgb to `utleltg ljlfb.`utleltg lba `utlefbg tmgy dyd`g to doup`g leeobfl to l-:gtoj`urltg to
hroe j`utleltg.
$bdg you hore `utleltg! you dlb aobltg lefbg jroup to otmgr l-:gto-ldfas
to hore dorrgspobafbj lefbo ldfas.
`utleltg dlb ig usga ls l suistrltg iy gbzyegs dl``ga (Qrlbslefblsgs)
(3$7 1B Q3#4 " A4; 1+#B#1++0 Q$ =$B#Q* +#6*
/A1BQ#$B)
Qrlbslefblsgs; 7f`` tl:g efbg jroup hroe `utleltg lba wf`` trlbshgr ft
to lb l-:gto-ldfa. $bdg you strfp lwly lefbg jroup hroe `utleltg ft fs
dobvgrtga ild: to l-:gtoj`urltg (l-:gto ldfa wf`` tmgb ig dobvgrtga to
dorrgspobafbj efbo dfa.) Qmgsg Qrlbslefblsgs usg *ftlefb I+ ls l
do,ldtor- #b tmg Qrlbslefblsg egdmlbfse tmg elfb pofbt fs tmlt ft fs
"f;frgdtfobl`)9
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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8/11/2019 BIO 362 Exam 1 Package
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Dobdg.t o, &ob/Gssgbtfl!s Lefbo Ldfas vs) Gssgbtfl! Lefbo Ldfa &ob/
Gssgbtfl!; 3uelbs dlb sybtmgsfzg hroe prg-gfstfbj eo`gdu`gs! tmroujm
sfep`g Qrlbslefbltfob rgldtfob! wg lrg li`g to sybtmgsfzg efbo dfas.
Gssgbtfl! Lefbo Ldfas 7g bgga to oitlfb hroe afgt.
3ow Qrlbslefblsg *gldtfob fs usga to sybtmgsfzg B$B-44BQ#+
=#B$ 1#;48 4o `utleltg sgrvg ls lb lefbg jroup aobor to lb l-:gto
ldfa! fb tmg prodgss `utleltg fs dobvgrtga to l-:gtoj`urltg.
lep`gL`lbfbg LefboQrlbshgrlsgwf`` usg `utleltg ls l suistrltg lba
trlbshgr lefbg jroup lba laa ft topyruvltg fb tmg prodgss pyruvltg igdoeg
l`lbfbg.
lep`g `so dlb usg $l`oldgtltg! usg `utleltg ls aobor lba dobvgrt
$l`oldgtltg to splrtltg.
`so `utleltg fs l suistrltg hor `utlefbg 4ybtmgtlsg wmfdm wf`` tl:g hrgg
leeobfllba dob,ujltg ft to sfag dmlfb oh `utleltg to hore `utlefbg.
`so `utlefbg ftsg`h dlb ig usga ls lb efbg jroup aobor! fb
L3LYL"&G %&Q'GQLGwmfdm wf`` listrldt lefbg jroup hroe
`utlefbg lba laa ft to splrtltg fb wmfdm `utlefbg wf`` jgt dobvgrtga
ild: to `utleltg lba you hore splrljfbg.
botmgr glep`g oh l Qrlbslefbltfob rgldtfob fs tmg sybtmgsfs o, 3ro!fbg
lba Lrjfbfbg 9YO$ "@WQL$LQG)
4mgb you sgg "@WQL$LQG "O&" QO l/1GQO"@WQGYLQG tmfb7
o, l Qrlbslefbltfob rgldtfob)
e.ortlbt dobdg.t o, Dlriob aobors Qmgy aobltg obg dlriob wmgtmgr ftGs
fb tmg hore oh =gtmy` roup! =gtmy`gbg roup! or lbotmgr eo`gdu`g.
1g`` possgss sgvgrl` dlriob aobors Q3/! 4=! "#$Q#B.
Q3/ dlb aobltg egtmy`gbg jroup igtwggb Bs dlriob.
4-agbosy` =gtmfobfbg dlb aobltg =gtmy` jroup to lbotmgr eo`gdu`g.
7my fs tgtrl-myaroho`ltg (Q3/) #eportlbt8
Q3/ fs usga to sybtmgsfzg lefbo ldfas! bud`gotfags! dg`` afvfsfob sybtmgsfzgtmroujm ho`ltg (6ftlefb "H). /o`ltg fs l suistrltg hor gbzyeg afmyaroho`ltg
Ygaudtlsg( Ygaudtfob Ygldtfob)wf`` tl:g ho`ltg lba dobvgrt ft to
Qgtrlmyaroho`ltg(Q3/).
Q3/ mls to ig jfvgb l egtmy` jroup (dmlrjga). #b obg rgldtfob 4grfbg jfvgs
egtmy` jroup to (BJ! BM =gtmy`gbg Q3/). /o`fd dfa aghfdfgbdy lssodfltga
wftm "#*Q3 ;/1Q4 sudm ls lbgbdgpml`y lba spfbl ifhfal.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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epmlsfzga9 $Q'9Y Ygldtfob)
B7, B! "gtmy`gbg Q#$Q$B7 "gtmy` %Q#$("y =gtmy`gbg
tgtrl3yaroho`ltg *gaudtlsg) ($Q'9Y(
#$Q'9Y(; =lby po`yeorpmfses fb tmfs gbzyeg! po`yeorpmfses fb
=Q3/* rgaudg fts ldtfvfty. =ost doeeob eutltfob fb &FF1ytosfbg to
tmyefbg. Srgjblbt woegb smou`a dmgd: fh tmgy mlvg l eutltfob fb =Q3/*.
So`yeorpmfses fb (=Q3/*) lrg `fb:ga to hgtl` `oss! lbgbdgpml`y! spfbl
ifhfal lba otmgr afsoragrs.
*gegeigr =gtmfobfbg dlb ig dobvgrtga to 4= fb tmg prgsgbdg oh QS.
=gtmfobfbg fs gssgbtfl` efbo ldfas9 4= (4-agbosy`egtmfobfbg) dlb
aobltg fts egtmy` jroup to otmgr eo`gdu`gs lba fb tmg prodgss tmg 4= fs
dobvgrtga to (4-agbys`-3oeo1ystgfbg) tmgb dlb ig dobvgrtga to
3oeo1ystgfbg! tmgb tmg eo`gdu`g BJ K=gtmy` Q3/ doegs fbto p`ly.
(B7"gtmy` Q#$) fs drftfdl` to dobvgrt #oeodystgfbg to "gtmfobfbg! egtmy`
jroup tmlt Q3/ mls dlb ig aobltga to#oeodystgfbg to jgbgrltg
"gtmfobfbg.
=gtmfobfbg fs gssgbtfl` lefbo ldfas! ob`y wly to egtlio`fzg egtmfobfbg fs
vfl fts dobvgrsfob to 4=.
botmgr glep`g wmy 4= fs feportlbt fs tmlt ;B dlb ig egtmy`ltga.
1ytosfbg dlb ig egtmy`ltga iy lb gbzyeg dl``ga (;B =gtm`ytrlbshgrlsgs)
++ ;B =Q30+Q#$B *1Q#$B4 *NA#* 4=999999 4gg wmy
4= fs feportlbt.
/roe 4`fag =gtmy`ltfob oh 1ytosfbg fb 1p rgpglts iy ;Begtmy`trlbshgrlsgs(;B=Q) rgaudg gbg Qrlbsdrfptfob.
"ut Q3/ fs feportlbt to rgjgbgrltg 4=! fh you aobGt mlvg BJ-=gtmy` Q3/
you dlbt rgjgbgrltg 4= lba you wf`` mlvg l`` sorts oh proi`ges fb
=gtmy`ltfob rgldtfobs9
botmgr glep`g wmgrg 4= fs feportlbt (3fstlefbg fb fbh`leeltory
rgspobsg (bzyeg 3fstlefbg B-=gtm`yQrlbshgrlsg wf`` trlbshgr egtmy`
jroup obto 3fstlefbg! tl:g egtmy` jroup hroe 4=! laa =gtmy` jroup to3fstlefbg lba dobvgrt ft to lb fbldtfvg hore.
3oeodystgfbg dlb ig hurtmgr egtlio`fzga lba lddueu`ltg.
0$A =A4Q CB$7 Q3Q#&"&D'Q*B#4 S*1A*4$* $/
D'Q*B9
Nugstfob 7my ao =Q3/* =utltfobs `gla to g`gvltga `gvg`s oh
3oeodystgfbg8
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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=Q3/* =AQQ#$B4 `gla to g`gvltga `gvg`s oh 3$=$104Q#B
igdlusg (B-=gtmy` Q3/) fs feportlbt to dobvgrt 3oeodystgfbg to
=gtmfobfbg.
7mlt fs feportlbt oh 3oeodystgfbg fs tmlt ft fs l elr:gr hor dlrafovlsdu`lr
afsglsg.
3oeodystgfbg fs dobvgrtga to 1ystgfbg9 #bafvfaul`s mlriorfbj eutltfobs fb
=Q3/* possgs g`gvltga `gvg`s oh 3oeodystgfbg! wmfdm fs dobvgrtga! to
dystgfbg. #b p`ltg`gts! dystgfbg egtlio`fse jgbgrltgs myarojgb su`hfag tmlt
fbaudgs p`ltg`gt ljjrgjltfob9 (Qmroeiosfs)
1grtlfb efbo dfas wg dlbGt sybtmgsfzg (ssgbtfl`s efbo dfas) wg dlbGt
sybtmgsfzg tmge igdlusg wg `ld: lb gbzyeg.
b glep`g fs tmg ifosybtmgsfs oh+ysfbg, Qmrgobfbg, "gtmfobfbg9 Qmg
bzyeg lsplrto:fblsg(bot houba fb eleel`s) dobvgrts splrtltg to +ysfbg!
Qmrgobfbg! =gtmfobfbg. (3uelbs `ld: tmfs gbzyeg.) Otmgr 3roaudts o,
Lefbo Ldfa $gtlio!fse;
3geg! "foldtfvg efbgs! "foldtfvg B-ldy` efbo dfas
'geg Ifoybtmgsfs "gjfbs wftm `ydfbg! `ydfbg usga ls l prgdursor hor
3geg.
'geg 8gjrlaltfob 0ou dlb jgt l eo`gdu`g dl``ga If!!fruifb9 Qmfs fs
gdrgtga to tmg `lrjg fbtgstfbg lba dobvgrtga to Wroif!fbojgb) #b tmg `lrjg
fbtgstfbg! Aroif`fbojgb dlb ig dobvgrtga to 4tgrdoif``fb(pfjegbt wmfdm fs
irowb) Aroif`fbojgb dlb l`so ig dobvgrtga fb tmg :fabgy to Aroif`fb wmfdm
fs yg``ow.
:lubafdg 1lusga iy gdgss oh If!fruifb #'geg 8gjrlaltfob .roaudt(
@fvgr ays,ubdtfob lba if!g audt oistrudtfob( @lubafdg dlb ig trgltga iy
gposfbj tmg :fa to h`uorgsdgbt `fjmt tmlt fsoegrfzgs "f``ruifb fbto fsoegrs
tmlt dlb ig gdrgtga lba agjrlaga.
Ifoldtfvg Lefbgsfb wmfdm "fosybtmgsfs fbvo`vgs agdlrioy`ltfob oh efbo
ldfas. (Q3#4 #4 Q3 $B+0 #=S$*QBQ S*Q)
Srgdursor oh ;oplefbg fs +-;opl! obdg you agdlrioy`ltg +-aopl you
dobvgrt ft to ;oplefbg. ;oplefbg dlb ig l suistrltg lba tmgb proaudgBorgpfbgpmrfbg.
4= fs bggaga to dobvgrt Borgpfbgpmrfbg to pfbgpmrfbg. (jlfb wf`` ig l
egtmy`ltfob rgldtfob)
3lr7fbsob=s 8fsglsgfs dmlrldtgrfzfbj iy aghfdfgbdy fb ;oplefbg. Qmfs fs
trgltga wftm supp`gegbtltfob oh +-;$S feegafltg prgdursor oh
;$S=#B.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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" lba 3fstlefbg
`utleltg prgdursor oh " (el,or bgurotrlbsefttgr fb tmg 1gbtrl`
Bgrvous 4ystge.)
3fstlefbg dlb ig sybtmgsfzga hroe 3fstfafbg (prgtty #bgrt) wmfdm fbvo`vgs
agdlrio6y!ltfob rgldtfob.
#fstfbafbg gdlrio-y`lsg aghfdfgbdydlb dlusg Qourgttg sybaroeg. (Qmfb:
;gudg "fjf`o el`g jfjl`o) 3fstlefbg fs l`so lb feportlbt Bgurotrlbsefttgr
fb tmg irlfb.
Lefbo Ldfas lrg Ifoldtfvg $o!gdu!gs
`utleltg! `ydfbg lba splrtltg. `` tmrgg lefbo ldfas hubdtfob ls
bgurotrlbsefttgrs fb tmg dgbtrl` bgrvous systge.
bo/ tmlt 3efbo 3dfas tmgesg`vgs dlb ig dob usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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8/11/2019 BIO 362 Exam 1 Package
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Abagrstlba mow tmg Argl dyd`g dobtrfiutgs to bftrojgb g`fefbltfob
*gvfgw oh +gdturg
3ow Bftrojgb fs fbdorporltga fbto efbo dfas8
B' dobvgrtga to leeobfl iy ildtgrfl! tmgb leeobfl tl:gb up iy tmg sof` iy
ildtgrfl lba p`lbts tmgb fbdorporltga fbto `utleltg. `utleltg dlb ig l
sourdg hor bftrojgb lba dlb ig usga to sybtmgsfzg otmgr lefbo ldfas tmroujm
trlbslefbltfob rgldtfobs. Qrlbslefbltfob rgldtfobs oddur iotm fb p`lbts lba
eleel`s.
ybtmgsfs o, &ob/Gssgbtfl! Lefbo Ldfas; e.ortlbt to 7bo>9
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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`utlefbg ftsg`h dlb ig usga ls l sourdg oh Bftrojgb! sudm ls fb Ls.lrljfbg
ybtmgtlsg.(wftm eo`gdu`g oh QS) 7g afsduss 1lriob ;obors! Q3/ B;
4=.
Q3/ #4 dmlrjg wftm l 1lriob hroe sgrfbg lba you hore BJ!BM=gtmy`gbg
Q3/ lba sui sg?ugbtfl``y wftm tmg gbzyeg =Q3/* you dobvgrt (BJ!BM
=gtmy`gbg Q3/ to BJ =gtmy` Q3/.
7my fs BJ =gtmy` Q3/ feportlbt ljlfb8 BJ =gtmy` Q3/ fs feportlbt ljlfb
igdlusg oh tmg 4= dyd`g. BJ =gtmy` Q3/ usga to dobvgrt 3oeodystfgbg to
=gtmfobfbg.
/or +gdturg ' tmg ilsfd tmgeg fs tmlt leeobfl fs to6fd-
7my fs `utleltg fs jofbj to ig feportlbt fb efbo dfa ;gjrlaltfob8
eeobfl fs bot jofbj to ig sgdrgtga iy tfssugs fb tmg i`ooastrgle. Qfssugs
wf`` usg efbo dfa dlrrfgrs oh leeobfl! spgdfhfdl``yL`lbfbglba
J`utlefbg. 7g bgga to ubagrstlba mow tmg Argl 1yd`g dobtrfiutgs to
Bftrojgb g`fefbltfob.
=ldroeo`gdu`lr protgfb agjrlaltfob! protgfbs dlb ig tl:gb up iy dg``s iy
prodgss oh gbaodytosfs wf`` tmgb hore hooa vlduo`g or gbaosoeg tmgb iro:gb
up iy +ysosoegs! +ysosoegs mls l bueigr oh afjgstfvg gbzyegs fb wmfdm
protgfbs dlb ig agjrlaga fbto doepobgbt plrts. 1g``s mlvg otmgr egdmlbfsesoh irgl:fbj aowb protgfbs! l vgry feportlbt prodgss dl``ga utopmljy (1g``s
mlvg tmg lif`fty to glt tmgfr owb protgfbs wmgb gbgrjy fs sdlrdg! tmgrg lrg
dgrtlfb jrowtm hldtors tmlt sfjbl` to tmg dg`` tmlt hooa fs p`gbtfhu` lba dg``
smou`a jrow tmfs sfjbl`fbj dlsdlag ldtfvltgs l protgfb dl``ga eQ$* wmfdm
dobstftutfvg`y i`od:s lutopmljy9 7mgb hooa fs sdlrdg! jrowtm hldtors
igdoeg sdlrdg! eQ$* fs bo `objgr ldtfvg ls ft smou`a ig lba tmg dg``
ubagrjogs l aghlu`t pltmwly lba tmlt fs to ubagrjo utopmljy (wmfdm dou`a
ig l bueigr oh tmfbjs sudm ls irgl:fbj aowb dg``u`lr doepobgbts
(orjlbg``gs)
Yl.leydfb *lpleydfb fs l dmgefdl` fbmfiftor oh eQ$* lba fbaudgs
lutopmljy. Asga d`fbfdl``y ls lb feeubosupprgsslbt to prgvgbt orjlb
rg,gdtfob ho``owfbj :fabgy trlbsp`lbt ft ely ig igbghfdfl` hor pgop`g hor
suhhgrfbj hroe `zmgfegrGs afsglsg.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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+lrjg suisgt oh dg``u`lr protgfbs lrg iro:gb aowb tmroujm
(Aif?uftfbSrotglsoeg 4ystge.) tmg dg`` mls to mlvg l egdmlbfse fb wmfdm ft
tg``s tmg Srotglsoeg tmfs protgfb mls iggb tljjga hor irgl:aowb. 0ou bgga l
1obtro` 4ystge! tmg dobtro` systge fs tmfs protgfb dl``ga Aif?uftfb! Aif?uftfb
fs jofbj to ig dob,ujltga to tmg protgfb you bgga to irgl:aowb! dob,ujltga
to `ysfbgGs ob tlrjgt protgfbs vfl fts 1-Q*=#BA4 oh Aif?uftfb tlrjgtga to
+ysfbg ob tlrjgt protgfbs.
Dobkujltfob o, Wif0uftfb to l Qlrjgt 3rotgfb
Aif?uftfb fs hfrst dob,ujltga to l protgfb dl``ga ! fb tmg prgsgbdg oh QS>
Aif?uftfb fs jofbj to ig dob,ujltga to 1ystgfbg oh protgfb. protgfb
wf`` bow ig Aif?uftfbltga (bot tlrjgt protgfb) l protgfb fb wmfdm Aif?uftfb fs
hfrst lttldmga.(Bot tlrjgt protgfb) Qmgb protgfb '-43 wf`` pfd: up Aif?uftfb
hroe lba Aif?uftfb wf`` ig trlbshgr to ' tmgb you jgt Aif?uftlbtga '
protgfb. Qmg ' protgfb fb tmg prgsgbdg oh Aif?uftfb hores l afegr wftm l
protgfb dl``ga %! % protgfb dobhgrs spgdfhfdfty lba tlrjgt sg`gdtfvg`y. #b tmg
prgsgbdg oh %! tmfs doep`g dlb tmgb rgdojbfzg l suistrltg protgfb lba
tljjga ft wftm Aif?uftfb. *gdojbfzfbj tmg suistrltg wftm % Aif?uftfb fs tmgbtrlbshgr to tmg suistrltg. Qmfs prodgss fs rgpgltga l bueigr oh tfegs! sgvgrl`
dyd`gs ubtf` protgfb fs po`y-uif?uftfbltga. Srotgfb tmlt fs po`y-uif?uftgbltga
wf`` ig tljjga hor agjrlaltfob. Aif?uftfb fs fbtgrgstfbj igdlusg agpgbafbj ob
irlbdmfbj oh Aif?uftfb! protgfb wf`` mlvg afhhgrgbt hlftms. /or purposg oh
"#$ %&' tmg protgfb tmlt fs po`yuif?uftfbltga wf`` tmgb ig tljjga hor
agjrlaltfob.
Dobkujltfob o, Wif0uftfb to l Qlrjgt 3rotgfb
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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=lssfvg 1oep`g dl``ga tmg Srotglsoeg(3ls eu`tfp`g protgfbs lssodfltgawftm ft.) ssgbtfl``y l jlriljg do``gdtor. 'M4 protglsoeg fs tmg dorg (bjfbg)
two dlps H4 1lps! wmfdm fb gssgbdg l``ow dlrjo-tlrjgtga protgfb to ig hggafbto tmg protglsoeg. Qmg H4 dlp jovgrbs gbtrlbdg oh suistrltgs.
Srotgosoeg mls opgb lba d`osg dobhoreltfobs.
Qmg Srotglsoeg ('M4) dobtlfbs tmrgg ldtfvg sftgs `odl`fzga to "gtl-suiubfts!
Qmrgobfbg *gsfaugs egafltg pgptfag ioba 3yaro`ysfs.
H4 1lps oh Srotglsoeg mlvg `fas! wmgb l suistrltg doegs fb tmlt fs
po`yuif?uftbltga tmg H4 dlp wf`` rgdojbfzg ft! ft wf`` opgb up! wf`` mlvg tmg
protgfb ubho`aga lba hga fbto tmg protglsoeg. Qmg H4 dlp rgdojbfzgsAif?uftfbltga protgfbs ubho`as tmge lba hgga tmge fbto tmg protglsg doep`g
oh tmg protglsoeg hor 3yaro`ysfs.
efbo dfas lrg iro:gb aowb to leeobfl lba 1lriob s:g`gtobs. 1lriob
s:g`gtobs dlb ig rgdyd`ga! ft dlb ig pyruvltg! :gtobg ioafgs(l`so usga hor
gbgrjy gtdE. eeobfl fs igfbj dobvgrtga to A*.
3owgvgr tmg Bftrojgb eust ig gdrgtga.
`utlefbg lba `lbfbg lrg leeobfl dlrrfgrs fb tmg i`ooa.
/ltg oh /rgg efbo dfas /o``owfbj agjrlaltfob oh afgtlry or gbaojgbousprotgfbs! tmg rgsu`tfbj lefbo ldfas dlb ig fbdorporltga fbto bgw protgfbs or
dlb ig dobvgrtga to Argl lba gdrgtga.
Doe.osftfob o, Wrfbg 5M oh gdrgtga Bftrojgb fs fb tmg hore oh Argl9
Qmg &ftrojgb .gdfgs fb tmg Wrfbg
Argl! Arfd dfa lba eeobfl
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Argl fsprgaoefblbt Bftrojgbous spgdfgsfb Arfbg. Argl fs tmg irgl:aowb
proaudt oh efbo dfas. 9rfd 3dfafs tmg irgl:aowb proaudt oh Bud`gotfags.
Qmg elfb pofbt fs tmlt eost Bftrojgb fs gdrgtga fb tmg hore oh A*9
S`lsel dobdgbtrltfob oh leeobfl fs rgl``y `ow! ljlfb igdlusg leeobfl fs
tofd. Qmgrg fs ob`y rgl``y `ow dobdgbtrltfob oh hrgg leeobfl fb tmg Arfbg.
(#Q #4 1*#Q#1+ Q$ AB;*4QB; Q3Q Q3 A* 101+ $B+0
$11A*4 #B Q3 +#6*9) Argl 1yd`g ob`y oddurs fb tmg +fvgr. efbo
ldfas iro:gb aowb fbto Argl fb tmg `fvgr lba tmg Argl wf`` ig trlbsportga fb
tmg i`ooa lba hf`tgrga out iy tmg :fabgys.
Argl wf`` ig trlbsportga fb tmg i`ooa lba wf`` ig hf`tgrga out iy tmg :fabgys
lba tmgb gdrgtga out. 4$ Argl fs proaudga fb tmg `fvgr! hf`tgrga out iy tmg
:fabgys lba tmgb jogs to Arfbg.
@ojfd o, Lefbo Ldfa 8gjrlaltfob `utleltg fs sourdg oh Bftrojgb hor l
bueigr oh Qrlbslefbltfob rgldtfobs. `utleltg fs up tmg pyrlefa lba ft
aobltgs ft Bftrojgb to otmgr efbo dfas. #b tmg dlsg oh efbo dfa
"rgl:aowb! ft wf`` ig tmg rgvgrsg +AQ=Q wf`` ig tmg u`tfeltg11SQ$*9 Ql:g otmgr lefbo ldfas lba smutt`g tmge to `utleltg9 4fbj`g
pofbt oh Bftrojgb fbto tmg Argl 1yd`g tmlt wf`` ig `utleltg. Ql:g lefbo
ldfas! egtlio`ftgs lba hubbg` tmge to proaudtfob oh `utleltg. /roe tmlt
`utleltg! Bftrojgb dlb ig rgeovga lba dobvgrtga to Argl.
@ojfd o, Lefbo Ldfa 8gjrlaltfob;
Lefbo Ldfa 8glefbltfob ;glefbltfob rgldtfobs lrg dlrrfga out iy
Qrlbslefblsgs l/7gtoj!utlrltgfs tmg prfelry lefbo jroup lddgptor.
bueigr oh efbo dfas wf`` aobltg tmgfr lefbg jroup to l-:gtoj`utlrtg to
hore `utleltg. /ubbg`fbj l`` tmg Bftrojgb to proaudtfob oh `utleltg fb
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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tmg `fvgr. #b tmg `fvgr tmgrg wf`` ig lb gbzyeg tmlt wf`` ig li`g to d`glvg tmg
lefbg jroup hroe `utleltg lba `figrltg hrgg leeobfl.
b gbzyeg dl``ga "!utleltg 8gmyarojgblsg5 wmfdm fs vgry feportlbt
gbzyeg obdg you hubbg` BftrojgbGs fbto `utleltg tmlt fs l suistrltg hor
`utleltg ;gmyarojgblsg! wmfdm fb gssgbdg d`glvgs ioba! `figrltgs hrgg
leeobfl lba `figrltgs l-:gtoj`utlrltg9
4o you mlvg tl:gb l`` tmg Bftrojgb hroe lefbo ldfas! dobvgrtga tmge lba
trlbshgrrga tmge fbto `utleltg! `utleltg mls l sfbj`g gbzyeg tmlt wf``
d`glvg leeobfl out `utleltg to jgbgrltg l41gtoj`urltg lba hrgg
leeobfl9 (+ojfd =l:gs sgbsg.) 6gry agafdltga `utleltg ;gmyarojgblsg9
`utleltg ;gmyarojgblsg wf`` jgbgrltg hrgg leeobfl lba l-:gtoj`urltg.
/rgg eeobfl wf`` gbtgr Argl 1yd`g fb tmg `fvgr (jlfb ob`y fb tmg
+fvgr)
"@WQL$LQG 8G'%8YO"G&LG
prgssga fb `fvgr lba :fabgys (lba otmgr orjlbs ls wg``) $faltfvg`y
aglefbltgs j`utleltg
`fefbltgs lefbo jroups aobltga to j`utleltg hroe trlbslefbltfob
rgldtfobs.
Wrgl Dyd!g =gdmlbfse oh gdrgtfbj gdgss Bftrojgb hroe tmg "oay! Argl
fs tmg u`tfeltg dlrrfgr oh Bftrojgb.
=ust :bow tmg sourdg oh Bftrojgb fb Argl9 Qmg 1lriob wf`` doeg hroe
"fdlriobltg> Bftrojgb fb Argl fs doefbj hroe (9rgg Leeobfllba
Ls.lrtltg) tmg ,rgg leeobflfs doefbj hroe J`utleltghroe tmg
"!utleltg 8gmyarojgblsg tg.9
Wrgl Dyd!g;
=gdmlbfse hor gdrgtfbj gdgss bftrojgb hroe tmg ioay> Argl fs tmg u`tfeltg
dlrrfgr oh bftrojgb.
/frst 4tgp wg afsdussga fs tmfs trlbslefbltfob rgldtfob! wmgrg you mlvg
l:gtoj`utlrltg lba lefbg jroups hroe otmgr lefbo ldfas to hore `utleltg!
tmosg lefbo ldfas wf`` igdoeg l-:gto ldfas! tmgb `utleltg wf`` ig l
suistrltg hor `utleltg gmyarojgblsg! d`glvgs ioba hroe `utleltg to
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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jgbgrltg hrgg leeobfl lba rgjgbgrltg l-:gtoj`urltg. l-:gtoj`utlrltg to
`utleltg fs l dyd`g! irfbjfbj fb lefbg jroups hroe otmgr lefbo ldfas !
hubbg`fbj tmge to `utleltg, `utleltg agmyarojgblsg stgps oddurs hrgg
leeobfl fs `figrltga! Qmg hrgg leeobfl tmlt fs jgbgrltga mgrg wf`` gbtgr
eftodmobarfl lba wf`` ig l suistrltg hor lb gbzyeg dl``ga (Dlrileoy`
8mospmltg ybtmgtlsg(eust 1bo/):)
Qmfs doeifbgs hrgg leeobfl wftm "f1lriobltg fbto l doepouba dl``ga
1lrileoy` Smospmltg9 $bdg tmfs fs horega tmg 1lrileoy` pmospmltg wf`` ig
l suistrltg hor tmg gbzyeg &rbftmfbg Qrlbsdlrileoy`lsg .Qmfs wf`` tl:g l
prg-gfstfbj eo`gdu`g oh $rbftmfbg lba doup`g ft to 1lrileoy` pmospmltg
lba wf`` jgbgrltg l eo`gdu`g dl``ga Dftru``fbg.1ftru``fbg wf`` ig gportga
out oh $ftodmobarfl fbto dytop`lse.
Qmfs 1ftru``fbg fs jofbj to ig l suistrltg hor Lrjfbosuddfbltg ybtmgtlsg!
wmfdm dob,ujltgs l eo`gdu`g oh 1ftru``fbg to l eo`gdu`g oh splrtltg. 7mlt
tmfs aogs fs tmlt ft hores lb rjfbfosuddfbltg eo`gdu`g. rjbfosuddfbltg wf``
ig l suistrltg hor Lrjfbosuddfblsgfb wmfdm ftGs feportlbt to :bow tmlt you
jgbgrltg rjfbfbg.
Qmg `lst stgp fb tmg A* 101+ fs tmgrg fs tmfs gbzyeg dl``ga Lrjfblsg ft
d`glvgs ioba igtwggb dlriob lba bftrojgb lba jgbgrltgs Argl lba dlriob
s:g`gtob fs rgjgbgrltga ls $rbftmfbg! $rbftmfbg jogs ild: to =ftodmobarfl
lba tmg dyd`g fs rgpgltga ljlfb.
#b gssgbdg tmg Argl dyd`g leeobfl fs hubbg`ga tmroujm l bueigr oh
rgldtfobs to hore Argl9
1fbgtfds o, Wrgl
Dyd!g 3roaudtfob
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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3ow ?ufd: tmg Argl 1yd`g jogs! fh you wgrg to fbjgst l eo`gdu`g oh
leeobfl! wftmfb l hgw sgdobas tmlt leeobfl wf`` afssfpltg fb tmg i`ooa! lba
wftmfb tgb sgdobas eost oh ft wf`` ig dobvgrtga to Wrgl)7ftmfb tgb sgdobas
iow`s oh leeobfl wf`` ig dobvgrtga to Argl (6gry *lpfa) tmg rglsob ft fs
rlpfa fs igdlusg leeobfl fs ?uftg Q$O#1.
Wrgl Dyd!g 8fsoragrs Qmg two eost doeeob eutltfobs oh pgop`g wmo
mlvg fbiorb jgbgtfd afsoragrs oh Argl. =ost`y Dlrioeoy! .mos.mltg
ybtmgtlsglba Orbftmfbg Qrlbsdlrleoy!lsg! pgop`g wmo mlvg aghgdts fb
tmgsg gbzyegs lrg ubli!g to proaudg Argl9 rjfblsg dlb l`so ig fb fbiorb
jgbgtfd afsoragr9
/$1A4 $B /#*4Q Q7$ BD0=4
. 1lrileoy` pmospmltg sybtmgtlsg
'. $rbftmfbg Qrlbs1lrileoy`lsg
Sgop`g wmo mlvg aghfdfts fb tmgsg gbzyegs lrg ubli`g to proaudg Argl9 7mlt
wou`a mlppgb fh pgrsob wgrg efssfbj 1lrleoy` pmospmltg 4ybtmgtlsg! 7mlt
wou`a mlppgb to dgrtlfb egtlio`ftgs fb tmgsg pgop`g8
`utleltg wf`` jo up! hrgg leeobfl wf`` jo up. #h you dlbGt dobvgrt
eeobfl fbto Argl fts `gvg` wf`` rfsg. `so J`utleltglba leeobfllrg
suistrltgs hor lbotmgr gbzyeg tmlt gbzyeg fs "!utlefbg ybtmgtlsg) 4o
you wf`` l`so sgg l rfsg fb tmg `gvg`s oh `utlefbg9
Q7$ Q++ Q+ 4#B4 Q3Q S$S+ * "$*B 7#Q3 #B"$*B
;#4$*;*4 $/ A* 101+
.`gvltfob fb L$$O&L +6+4.'.`gvltfob fb "@WQL$&G+6+4.
Argl 1yd`g sort oh `f:g l /ABB+.
7my fs eeobfl tofd8
eeobfl dobvgrtga to `utlefbg (1`lssfd p`lbltfob). "uf`aup oh
`utlefbg rgsu`ts fb strodytg swg``fbj lba doeproefsgs lstrodytg hubdtfob!
wg aobGt rgl``y :bow dorrgdt lbswgr wg ,ust :bow fts tofd.
`tgrbltfvg tmgory fs tmlt leeobfl wf`` fbmfift potlssfue trlbsportgr fb
lstrodytg! potlssfue trlbsportgr wf`` dlusg dm`orfag fobs to gbtgr bgurobs.1`- wmfdm fs prgsgbt fb mfjm `gvg`s outsfag tmg dg``! typfdl``y gbtgr bgurob
(fbmfifts bgurl` sfjbl`fbj! wmgb you mlvg iuf`aup oh 1`- fobs fbsfag tmg
bgurob! you h`fp tmg potgbtfl` lba tmgsg bgurobs igdoeg gdftltory agvg`op
sgfzurgs9
eeobfl trfjjgrs bgurl` afsfbmfift fob lba sgfzurgs iy feplfrfbj lstrodytg
potlssfue iuhhgrfbj.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Wrgl Dyd!g afsoragrs Qrgltegbts
Sgop`g! wmo mlvg fbiorb-aghgdts oh Argl dyd`g! dlb ig trgltga suddgsshu``y.
$bg trgltegbt fs too usg 3mgby!Iutyrltg.
4o wmgb tmgrg fs l aghgdt fb tmg Argl 1yd`g! tmg j`utleltg wf`` ig dobvgrtga
to j`utlefbg! pgop`g jfvgb .mgby!iutyrltg dlb mlba`g j`utlefbg ft
dobvgrtga to l proaudt tmgy dlb gdrgtg. botmgr wly to trglt Argl 1yd`g
afsoragrs fs to :ggp tmgfr efbo dfa fbtl:g ls `ow ls possfi`g99999 Sgop`g
dlb l`so ig jfvgb Igb2oltg! leeobfl dlb l`so dobvgrtga to `ydfbg lba
tmgb gdrgtga tmroujm otmgr pltmwlys. Argl 1yd`g afsoragrs fs bot hltl` fh
trgltga propgr`y9
4o mow fs leeobfl trlbsportga out pgrfpmgrl` tfssugs! sudm ls eusd`g! hor
glep`g8
3ow fs leeobfl jgbgrltga fb tmg =usd`g to ig trlbsportga ild: out to tmg
`fvgr hor gdrgtfob lba proaudtfob fbto Argl8
"gdlusg wg dlbGt ,ust rg`glsg eeobfl! dg``s mlvg gvo`vga l wly to usg
lefbo ldfas to trlbsport leeobfl fb tmg i`ooa! vgmfd`gs hor leeobfl fb tmg
i`ooa. "gdoegs l slhg wly to trlbshgr leeobfl hroe tfssugs to `fvgr lba too
:fabgys ls wg``9
"!utlefbg lba L!lbfbglrg Bftrojgb 1lrrfgrs9
"!udosg/L!lbfbg dyd!gfs l wly iy wmfdm our tfssugs trlbsport Bftrojgb to
tmg `fvgr9 +Q `lbfbg Qrlbslefblsg Ql:gs lefbgs jroups hroe j`utleltg
tmroujm trlbslefbltfob rgldtfob lba trlbshgrs tmge to pyruvltg so you lrg
proaudfbj `lbfbg fb tmg eusd`g tfssugs. #b =usd`g tfssug you lrg hubbg`fbj
bftrojgb fbto l`lbfbg! tmgb `lbfbg fs sgdrgtga fbto tmg i`ooastrgle lba fs
pfd:ga up iy tmg `fvgr! gbtgrs tmg `fvgr! tmgb sleg gbzyeg `lbfbgQrlbsefblsg fb `fvgr dobvgrts l`lbfbg ild: fbto Syruvltg (tmroujm rgvgrsg
rgldtfob). efbg jroup fb `lbfbg fs trlbshgrrga ild: fbto l:gtoj`urltg to
rghore j`utleltg. `utleltg tmlt fs hore fb tmg `fvgr tmgb fs hubbg`ga fbto
tmg Argl 1yd`g. `lbfbg usga l dlrrfgr hor Bftrojgb fb tmg i`ooa! dlrryfbj
Bftrojgb hroe tmg eusd`g fbto tmg `fvgr! wmgrg fts fs dobvgrtga ild: to
pyruvltg! tmroujm j`udobgojgbgsfs igdoegs j`udosg tmlb dlb jo ild: to
eusd`g9 Qmfs wly trlbsportfbj `lbfbg fbto tmg +fvgr lba gdrgtfbj Bftrojgb
hroe tmg eusd`g to tmg `fvgr.
"!udosg/L!lbfbg Dyd!g;
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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#b laaftfob
`utlefbg fs l`so usga ls l bftrojgb dlrrfgr."l
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tmfs tgst fb wmfdm g`gvltga `gvg`s oh 4Q lba +Q `gvg`s smow tfssug
aleljg.
#b tmg `fvgr `utleltg agmyarojgblsg proaudgs hrgg leeobfl tmlt fs
suisg=ugbt`y hga fbto tmg 9rgl Dyd`g. Dobsg=ugbt`y, lisgbdg oh tmfs
gbzyeg /ou`a sfjbfhfdlbt`y rgaudg urgl proaudtfob.#B 1$BQ*4Q
`utlefblsg aogs bot sfjbfhfdlbt`y dobtrfiutg to urgl proaudtfob fb tmg `fvgr
iut ft feportlbt hor j`utlefbg myaro`ysfs fb tmg :fabgy.
Argl dlb ig eglsurga ls wg`` ("AB) "`ooa Argl Bftrojgb. 7mfdm fs l afrgdt
eglsurg oh Argl fb tmg i`ooa. Argl proaudga fb tmg +fvgr! sgdrgtga out fbto
tmg i`ooa strgle! dlb eglsurg mow eudm Argl fs fb tmg i`ooa ftsg`h.
1fsp`ltfb (1mgeotmgrlpy jgbt) /ouba g`gvltga `gvg`s oh "`ooa Argl
Bftrojgb tmg dobd`usfob mgrg fs tmlt tmgrg lrg *gbl` Sltmo`ojfgs
(;yshubdtfob oh Cfabgys)
7my wou`a "`ooa Argl Bftrojgb ("AB) +6Q#$B ig l elr:gr hor rgbl`
ayshubdtfob8 =glbs :fabgys lrgbGt propgr`y hf`tgrfbj tmg i`ooa> tmgy lrgbGt
propgr`y hf`tgrfbj out Argl out oh tmg i`ooa. Q3A4 you sgg lb g`gvltfob oh
"`ooa Argl Bftrojgb.
+fvgr fs proaudfbj Argl! iut tmg :fabgys lrg ubli`g to hf`tgr ft out tmlt wmy
tmgrg fs lb g`gvltfob fb "AB `gvg`s.
*gaudga "`ooa Argl Bftrojgb fbafdltgs your ioay fsbGt proaudfbj suhhfdfgbt
leoubt oh Argl9 "gdlusg Argl ob`y ig proaudga fb tmg `fvgr tmlt fep`fgs
+#6* ;04/AB1Q#$B. `so g`gvltga `gvg`s oh trlbslefblsg dou`a eglb
+fvgr ayshubdtfob.G!gvltga !gvg!soh "AB jgbgrl``y wf`` tg`` you fts Cfabgy ;yshubdtfob.
\WGQO&; %ou lrg l tgst suikgdt tl7fbj lb fbvgstfjltfobl! aruj dl!!ga
%$fb8fsD!lss) %our i!ooa tgst rgvgl!s rgaudga i!ooa urgl bftrojgb #IW&(
lba g!gvltga !gvg!s o, l!lbfbg trlbslefblsg #L@Q() 4mlt dlb you dobd!uag
ilsga ob tmfs fb,oreltfob?
) Cfabgy ayshubdtfob sujjgstga iy rgaudga lrgl proaudtfob fb tmg :fabgys
") Cfabgy ayshubdtfob sujjgstga iy g`gvltga +Q
1) +fvgr ayshubdtfob sujjgstga iy rgaudga "AB lba g`gvltga +Q
;) "rlfb ayshubdtfob igdlusg # dlbt hfjurg out tmg lbswgr
8gjrlaltfob o, Dystgfbg5 L!lbfbg5 grfbg5 "!ydfbg5 Qmrgobfbg
S$#BQ 0$A 36 Q$ CB$7 #4 Q3Q3+3B*BDLB IG
DB!G"QG# Q 8'Y963Q$
*gegeigr tmlt splrtltg dlb ig dobvgrtga to $l`oldgtltg
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Cbow tmlt lsplrljfbgfs dobvgrtga to lsplrtltg9 "y +-splrljfblsg wmfdm
jgbgrltgs hrgg leeobfl.
@/Ls.lrljfblsgfs feportlbt fb 1lbdgr Qmgrlpy! soeg pltfgbts lrg
laefbfstgrga tmfs gbzyeg
4oeg dlbdgr dg``s aobGt gprgss Ls.lrljfbg ytmgtlsg#rgvgrsg o,
Ls.lrljfblsg( >mfdm dobvgrts Ls.lrtltg to Ls.lrljfbg(. 1lbdgr dg``s lrg
agpgbagbt ob splrljfbg (hor "uf`afbj protgfbs lba dg`` afvfsfob ftsg`h)
4$ #/ 0$A Q*Q Q3 SQ#BQ4 7#Q3 4S*#B4 tmfs wf``
*;A1 1#*1A+Q$*0 +6+4 $/ splrljfbg! tmg lsplrljfblsg
dobvgrts splrljfbg to splrtltg lba igdlusg dlbdgr dg``s dlbt sybtmgsfzg
splrljfbg! tmgrg lrg susdgptfi`g lba afg ohh. 1lbdgr dg``s aobGt mlvg
splrljfbg 4ybtmgtlsg. 4oeg dlbdgr dg``s dlbGt sybtmgsfzg splrljfbg. 0ou
fbtroaudg gbzyeg tmlt irgl:s aowb splrljfbg! you stlrvg tmge lba tmgy
afg. lep`g wmy ilsfd pltmwlys `f:g tmfs fs vgry feportlbt.
YG$G$IGY; $GQ'O&&G fs iro7gb ao>b fbto L$
#/Lagbosy!egtmfobfg(
4gvgrl` efbo dfas lrg iro:gb aowb to ldgtoldgtltg (l :gtobg ioay)
8gjrlaltfob o, Qry.to.mlb to Ldgtoldgtltg(Cgtobg "oay)
(efbo dfa to l-:gtoldfa)
Irgl7ao>b o, 3mgby!l!lbfbg lba Qyrosfbg;
Smgby`l`lbfbg lba Qyrosfbg egtlio`fse fs fbtgrgstfbj. #biorb aghgdts oh
tmgsg gbzyegs lssodfltga wftm egtlio`fd pltmwlys.
Sgop`g wmo aghgdt fb 3mgby!l!lbfbg 'yaro6y!lsg(tmgy mlvg Smgby`l`lbfbg
fb tmgfr urfbg). #h tmgy mlvg l aghgdt fb tmfs gbzyeg tmgb tmgy smou`abGt tl:g
splrtltg (dlb mlvg pmgby`l`lbfbg fb ft) swggtgbgrs.
;ghfdfgbdfgs fb 9uelry!ldgtoldgtlsgmlvg l iuf`aup oh Qyrosfbg9 =lfb
pofbt fs tmlt you dlb mlvg elby oh tmgsg gbzyegs lba mlvg spgdfhfd
pltmo`ojfgs lssodfltga wftm tmge.
@gdturg C;Surfbgs lba SyrfefafbgGs @glrbfbjOikgdtfvgs;
Cbow tmg afhhgrgbdg igtwggb *fiobud`gotfags lba agoy*fiobud`gotfags.
Cbow tmg pltmwlys hor Surfbg lba Syrfefafbg "fosybtmgsfs Cbow
tmg "lsfd strudturg oh Syrfefafbg Bud`gotfags.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Abagrstlba tmg ro`g oh Qgtrl3yaroho`ltg fb Bud`gotfag "fosybtmgsfs
Abagrstlba tmg ilsfd pltmwly hor bud`gotfag irgl:aowb lba fts ro`g fb
muelb afsglsgs.
Ygdorafbj &otgs; 1l2odmol
prfeg 1lriob wf`` ig lttldmga to tmg Bftrojgblsg "lsg. *B wf`` mlvg
Arldf`! ;B wf`` mlvg tmyefbg. *-jroup fb pfdturgs stlbas hor *fiosg. 'Gposftfob fb rfiosg dlb mlvg l 3yaroy` roup or 3yarojgb. #h ft mls l
3yaroy` jroup ft wf`` ig l"f%osglba ft mls 3yarojgb ft wf`` ig
ago&yrf%osg.
%G posftfob tmgrg fs l 3yaroy`. JG posftfob you mlvg l pmospmltg lttldmga.
($bg or eorg pmospmltgs)
e.ortlbt sujlrwftm l %lsg lttldmga to ft fs dl``ga l &ud!gosfag99
Bow fh tmgrg fs l pmospmltg lttldmga to tmg JG gba! ft igdoegs bud`gosfag
eobopmospmltg! fh two pmospmltgs ft igdoegs Bud`gosfag afpmospmltg.
4o lbytfeg you mlvg l %lsg! 'ujlr! lba lby bueigr ohp(osp(ltgs)ft fs
lutoeltfdl``y dl``ga l &WD@GOQ8G9
jlfb you mlvg hfvg ilsgs! agbfbg!ulbfbg!1ytosfbg!Arldf`!Qmyefbg.
7my fs Surfbg Bud`gotfags #eportlbt8
Bud`gotfags lrg feportlbt fb "fosybtmgsfs oh ;B\*B. 0ou gp`oft
prodgss oh "fosybtmgsfs oh tmgsg bud`gotfags hor tmgrlpgutfd purposgs.
QS\QS bgrjy 1urrgbdy oh tmg 1++9
Qo sybtmgsfzg*urfbgsft wf`` doeg hroe l doeeob prgdursor (#=S) #bosfbg
=obopmospmltg.#=S fs l spgdfl` Olbtmfbg "lsg (#=S)! wmfdm mls obg pmospmltg (#=S wf``
ig feportlbt wmgb C*D# afsdussgs t*B lba protgfb ifosybtmgsfs lba
*fiosoeg rgldtfob).
3urfbg Ifosybtmgsfs;
agbfbg lba ulbfbg lrg bot horega ls hrgg ilsgs
Surfbg sybtmgsfs prodggas tmroujm l rfiobud`gotfag fbtgregafltg (#=S)
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Surfbg Bud`gotfags wf`` ig sybtmgsfzg hroe l doeeob prgdursor dl``ga #=S9
IO%&Q'G O9 $3
$bg oh tmg rgldtfobs sdmgegs to sybtmgsfzg #=S. 3Y33 ls l suistrltg! wf``
usg"!utlefbg to aobltg lb lefbg jrou. to lb != .osftfob) "!utlefbg fsfe.ortlbt fb tmfs dlsg ls aobor) "!utlefbg igdoegs "!utleltg) Qmfs fs
tmg g6le.!g >mgrg mg slfa tmlt "!utlefbg fs fe.ortlbt fb bud!gotfag
ifosybtmgsfs #$3 9OY$LQO&(
botmgr *gldtfob fbvo`vgs Q3/ (jlfb =gtmy`ltfob *gldtfob). #b tmfs ft
aobltgs l horey` jroup lba aobltgs ft to lbotmgr eo`gdu`g! tmgb lhtgr l
bueigr oh rgldtfobs you hore #=S! wmfdm fs tmg A+Q#=Q prgdursor oh
agbfbg lba ulbfbg bud`gotfags.
'o> Dg!!s sybtmgsf2g L$3 or "$3 ,roe $3?
4o #=S mls two hltgs! ft dlb igdoeg =S or =S. Qmfs wf`` agpgba ob tmg
suistrltgs tmlt lrg lvlf`li`g hor tmg gbzyeg
4o to hore =S you wf`` rg?uftg3splrtltg.(43$A+; CB$7)splrtltg
wf`` aobltg obg oh fts lefbgs lba hore =S.
1obvgrsg`y #=S dlb ig usga to sybtmgsfzg =S lba tmfs wf`` rg?ufrg
`utlefbg (wf`` aobltg lb efbg jroup ls wg``) O
Ls.lrtltghor =S
O "!utlefbghor =S
$3 8G'%8YO"G&LG; (1`fbfdl``y *g`gvlbt) #eportlbt gbzyeg tmltdobvgrts #=S to =S
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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4mlt dou!a ig l d!fbfdl! fbafdltfob ,or 8rujs tmlt i!od7 .urfbg
ifosybtmgsfs8
#eeubosupprgsslbt aurfbj orjlb trlbsp`lbtltfob! #eeubosupprgsslbt usga
to trglt lutofeeubg afsglsg sudm l rmgueltofa lrtmrftfs lba 1rombGs afsglsg!lba dmgeotmgrlpgutfd arujs. 4o #eeubg dg``s (Q-1g` s wf`` afvfag! wmgb
tmgy afvfag tmgy mlvg to sybtmgsfzg ;B lba *B fh you rgaudg purfbg
ifosybtmgsfs you wf`` rgaudg 1g`` afvfsfob.
$ydo.mgbo!fd Ldfa; #s lb fbmfiftor oh #=S ;gmyarojgblsg! ljlfb usga ls
lb #eeubosupprgsslbt.
Qmfojulbfbg #s lb #bmfiftor oh #=S ;gmyarojgblsg! usga fb rgefssfob
tmgrlpy hor ldutg Bob-`yepmltfd `gu:gefls.
Bot usga aurfbj elfbtgblbdg dmgeotmgrlpy aug to `fvgr tofdfty. +fvgr
tofdfty agvg`ops ho``owfbj dmrobfd usg.
QL" +yepmodytgs possgss mfjm `gvg`s oh ($3 8gmyarojgblsg). Bow wg
horega =S lba =S! wg mlvg to jgt ft to tmg afpmospmltg hore lbau`tfeltg`y to Qrfpmospmltg hores.
bzyegs dl``ga Cfblsgs (fbvo`vg pmospmory`ltfob rgldtfobs)
Lagby!ltg 1fblsglba "ulby!ltg 7fblsgwf`` strfp l eo`gdu`g hroe QS
lba trlbshgr ft to =S lba =S so ft igdoegs ;S lba ;S.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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;S lba ;S jofbj to trfpmospmltg hore fs egafltga iy l sfbj`g gbzyeg
(6gry bob-spgdfhfd) rgldts wftm otmgr bud`gotfags ls wg``. +f:g urldf` lba
tmyefbg.
&ud!gosfag 8f3mos.mltg 1fblsg; 7f`` trlbshgr l tgrefbl` pmospmltg hroe
QS to l af-pmospmltg bud`gosfag. Bud`gosfag ;fpmospmltg Cfblsg dlb usg l
tgrefbl` pmospmltg hroe lby trfpmospmltg bud`gotfag.
Bud`gosfag ;fpmospmltg Cfblsg fs spgdfhfdl``y jovgrbga iy elss ldtfob.
Bobspgdfhfd gbzyeg tmlt dltl`yzgs tmg trlbshgr oh pmospmory` jroups to O;S
to hore OQS.
&ud!gosfag 8f.mos.mltg 1fblsg;
Bob-spgdfhfd gbzyeg tmlt dltl`yzgs tmg trlbshgr oh pmospmory` jroups to O;S to hore OQS.
8yrfefafbg ybtmgsfs Qmg Syrfefafbg fs 1ytosfbg! Arldf`! Qmyefbg. #b
gssgbdg wmy pyrfefafbgGs lrg mlba`ga afhhgrgbt`y. SyrfefafbgGs lrg vgry
spgdfl`! tmg afhhgrgbdg igtwggb Arldf` lba 1ytosfbg fs tmg prgsgbdg oh lb
efbg jroup tmfs fs #=S$*QBQ9
Syrfefafbg "fosybtmgsfs fs vgry doep`g> wg lrg jofbj to stlrt ohh wftmW$3) #Wrfafbg $obo.mos.mltg(
1g``s mlvg to mlvg l egdmlbfse to trlbshgr ft hroe A=S to A;S lba AQS.
Qmgrg lrg l`so :fblsgs hor Arldf`. Qmg spgdfhfd obg hor A=S fs Wrfay!ltg
1fblsgdobvgrts A=S to A;S. jlfb you sgg &ud!gosfag af.mos.mltg
7fblsg tmfs dobvgrts A;S to AQS (ljlfb bob-spgdfhfd ldts ob l``
Bud`gotfags). Bow AQS dlb ig dobvgrtga to 1QS ($b`y Qrfpmospmltg hore).
ybtmgsfs o, DQ3 jlfb tmg ob`y afhhgrgbdg igtwggb Arldf` lba 1ytosfbg fs
tmg prgsgbdg oh lb lefbg jroup fb dytosfbg. `utlefbg wf`` aobltg fts sfagdmlfb to Arldf` to dobvgrt ft to 1ytosfbg. "y 1QS sybtmgtlsg(*g?ufrgs QS)
jlfb `utlefbg fs aobltfbj lb lefbg jroup to urldf` to hore 1QS.
ybtmgsfs o, DQ3;
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Nugstfob 4my ao you tmfb7 Wrldf! fs bot usga fb 8&L?$bg jooa rglsobfs 1QS dlb ig dobvgrtga ild: to AQS fb tmg prgsgbdg oh oyjgb or soegsupgrofag (oyjgbltga gbvfrobegbt) tmg ioba tmlt :ggps tmg Bftrojgb fb
1ytosfbg fs wgl: lba ft fs hlfr`y glsy to dobvgrt 1QS to AQS. ;B rgplfrgbzyegs wf`` rgdojbfzg prgsgbdg oh Arldf` lba wf`` gdfsg ft. #h urldf` wls
tmgrg! you wf`` jgt l ?uftg l hgw gdfsfobs lba elby otmgrs.
*gry e.ortlbt gb2yegtmlt ob`y ldts ob *fio bud`gotfags fb tmgfrafpmospmltg hore9 Qmg gbzyeg ob`y ldts ob *fiobud`gotfags fb tmgfr
afpmospmltg hore. #t dobvgrts l bud`gotfag B;S to aB;S(eglb 'Gmyaroy`
jroup fs efssfbj)
/orYfiobud`gotfag Ygaudtlsgto wor: Bud`gotfag eust ig fb afpmospmltg
hore. 4o tmfs Yfiobud!gotfag Ygaudltlsg gbzyeg wf`` ldt ob ;S to horea;S! A;S to hore aA;S! 1;S to hore a1;S! ;S to hore a;S ! lba
1;S to hore a1;S.
/oreltfob oh aBQSs(4leg Bob-4pgdfhfd (Bud`gosfag afSmospmltg Cfblsg)
wf`` ldt ob agoybud`gotfags 4 +$B #Q4 #B Q3 ;#S3$4S3Q
/$*=9
9oreltfob o, Qmyefbg Qmyefbg fs mlba`ga fb l vgry spgdfl` wly>
dobvgrsfob oh Arldf` to Qmyefbg fs mlba`ga iy two afhhgrgbt gbzyegs.
;fhhgrgbdg igtwggb Arldf` lba Qmyefbg fs tmg prgsgbdg oh l egtmy` jroup fb
Qmyefbg jofbj to fbvo`vg obg oh tmg egtmy` aobors.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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7mlt mlppgbs hfrst fs you hore aAQS! iut dg``s lrg ubli`g to hore Arldf` tmlt
fs lttldmga to agoyrfiosg! eo`gdu`gs tmlt sybtmgsfzgs ;B dlb fbdorporltg
AQS fb ;B (tmfs fs l S*$"+=) to prgvgbt tmfs dg``s usg lb gbzyeg
dl``ga aAQSlsg (lb gbzyeg tmlt d`glvgs aAQS vgry rlpfa`y d`glvgs two
pmospmltgs ohh aAQS. s soob ls aAQS fs horega ft fs rlpfa`y dobvgrtga toaA=S(eobopmospmltg).
Bud`gotfags fb trfpmospmltg hore dlb ig fbdorporltga fbto ;B bot fb
eobopmospmltg. Qmfs gbzyeg gbsurgs tmlt Arldf` fs bot fbdorporltga fbto
;B so you hore aA=S ! lba tmfs aA=S wf`` sgrvg ls l suistrltg hor l
*GY% $3OYQL&Q YGLDQO&( Qmfs fs tmg Qmyefay`ltg ybtmlsg
Ygldtfob) tmfs rgldtfob wf`` ob`y fbvo`vg tmg trlbshgr oh dlriob. Qrlbshgr oh
1lriob hroe BJ!BM =gtmy`gbg
Qgtrlmyaroho`ltg lba laas ft to Arldf` to hore Qmyefbg. #b tmfs prodgss you
l`so hore ofafzgs Q3/ fbto afmyaro,o!ltg! wmfdm fs vgry ubusul` tmfs
tmyefaf`ltg sybtmlsg gbzyeg wf`` o6faf2g Q'9 to afmyaro,o!ltg#tmfs mls
sfjbf,fdlbdg( .
$C 4$ 7 4Q*Q $// wftm aA=S ljlfb wg lrg egtmy`ltga ft to jfvg
aQ=S(wmfdm fs aobg iy Qmyefay`ltg 4ybtmlsg) !1lriob hroe BJ!BM
=gtmy`gbg Q3/ fs trlbshgrrga to aA=S to hore aQ=S lba fb tmfs prodgss
BJ!BM =gtmy`gbg fs dobvgrtga to ;f3yaroho`ltg . Qmgb gbzyeg;f3yaroho`ltg *gaudtlsg wf`` dobvgrt afmyaroho`ltg ild: to
Qgtrlmyaroho`ltg(Q3/) tmgb Q3/ dlb ig dmlrjga ljlfb wftm l egtmy` jroup
hroe tmg hfrst `gdturg wftm sgrfbg sgrvfbj ls tmg sourdg(4grfbg aobltg dlriob
to Q3/.)
Ljlfb Qmyefay!ltg ybtmglsg dobvgrts aW$3 to aQ$3 lba
afmyaro,o!ltg rgdobvgrtga ild7 to Qgtrlmyaro,o!ltg.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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*glsob wmy tmfs fs feportlbt fs igdlusg you dlb fbmfift tmgsg gbzyegs.
/or lep`g #=S ;gmyarojgblsg dlb ig usga tmgrlpgutfdl``y.
tg. ; Qmyefay!ltg ybtmlsg;
Ygjgbgrltfob o, Qgtrlmyaro,o!ltg;
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Qmyefay!ltg ybtmlsgwmfdm ljlfb dobvgrts aA=S to aQ=S fs tlrjgtga iy
l bueigr oh arujs (/aA=S hor glep`g) ljlfb tmgsg arujs lrg dl``ga
Ybtfegtlio`ftgsT #h you i`od: "fosybtmgsfs oh Q=S! wftm Qmyefay`ltg
sybtmlsg fbmfiftors! you rgaudg dlbdgr dg`` pro`fhgrltfob.
Yl!tftrg6ga5#Wsga Durrgbt!y( wmfdm fs usga hor do`orgdtl` dlbdgr5fs l
Qmyefay`ltg sybtmlsg fbmfiftor
8fmyaro,o!ltg Ygaudtlsg#bmfiftors lrg dl``ga Ybtfho`ltgsT
. =gtmotrgltg lba Qrfegtmoprfe (tlrjgts ildtgrfl` afmyaroho`ltg
rgaudltlsg)8fmyaro,o!ltg Ygaudtlsgwmfdm dobvgrts ;3/ ild: to Q3/ fs
l`so tlrjgtga iy l bueigr oh arujs.
*gry Irfg,!y afsduss &ud!gotfag Irgl7ao>b Arfd dfa! afrgdt egtlio`ftg
oh Bud`gotfags. `` iro:gb aowb to Arfd dfa. Sofbt fs tmgrg fs l bueigr oh
bzyegs tmlt dobvgrt =S! #=S! O=S! =S! to eo`gdu`g dl``ga;lbtmfbg
lba ft fs tmg;lbtmfbg! wmfdm igdoegs tmg suistrltg hor lb gbzyeg dl``ga;lbtmfbg &-falsgtmlt dobvgrts (;lbtmfbg to 9rfd 3dfa.) A`tfeltg`y
egtlio`fzfbj bud`gotfags to Arfd dfa. 7g gdrgtg A*#1 1#; ls wg wou`a
gpgdt.
"OWQ#gvgrg ,oot .lfb(
7mfdm fs dmlrldtgrfzg iy lb gdgss oh Arfd ldfa lba rgaudga urfd ldfa
gdrgtfob. Qmfs fs trgltga wftm l``opurfbo`wmfdm fs lb fbmfiftor oh-lbtmfbg
o-falsg(wmfdm dobvgrts lbtmfbg to Arfd dfa) ``opurfbl` fs l pro-aruj tmlt
fs dobvgrtga to oypurfbo`(fb tmg `fvgr) ($ypurfbo` fs wmlt fbmfiftslbtmfbg O6falsg.)
botmgr trgltegbt hor out fs wftm l eo`gdu`g dl``ga*ro%gbgdfa(ldts ob
bgpmrob) ft fbmfifts rglisorptfob oh urfd ldfa lba tmfs wf`` l``ow Arfd ldfa to
ig gdrgtga9
gvgrg Doeifbga eeuboag,fdfgbdy;
;ghgdts fb tmg proaudtfob oh `yepmodytgs (Q lba " dg``s)
#bafvfaul`s dlbbot eoubt lb feeubg rgldtfob ljlfbst fbvlafbj pltmojgbs>pltfgbts rg?ufrg l iobg elrrow trlbsp`lbt hor survfvl`. *glsob wmy pgop`g
agvg`op tmfs dobaftfob fs igdlusg tmgrg fs l aghfdfgbdy fb bud`gotfag
dltlio`fse. 4pgdfhfdl``y fb irgl:aowb oh 3urfbgs)
Cbow tmlt l dlusg oh 4gvgrg 1oeifbga #eeuboaghfdfgbdy fs3agbosfbg
aglefblsg aghfdfgbdy (eost doeeob dlusg),wf`` dlusg l iuf`aup fb
agbosfbg bud`gotfags!agbosfbg aglefblsg fs liubalbtg`y gprgssga fb
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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`yepmodytgs. ;ghfdfgbdy dlusgs iuf`aup oh agoylagbosfbg ! wmfdm fs tofd
to dg``s. Bueigr oh *glsobs wmy ;goyrfiobud`gotafgs lrg tofd.
Surfbg bud`gosfag pmospmory`lsg aghfdfgbdy (eudm rlrgr) rgsu`ts fb iuf`aup
oh agoyjulbosfbg trfpmospmltg! wmfdm fs tofd to Q `yepmodytgs9 Qmfs
gbzyeg aghfdfgbdy hggaild: lba dlusg l iuf`aup oh egtlio`ftgs
(AS4Q*=).
*=="* "A#+;AS $/ ;B4#B BA1+$Q#;4 hggas ild: ob
"+IB,DGQ+#G "G#,DQL'G) (fd(dobvgrts agbosfbg to
agoylagbosfbg dlusfbj tmg iuf`aup oh agoylagbosfbg! wmfdm fs tofd to
dg``s.
+f:g Qlrjgtfbj 1lbdgr wftm splrljfblsg.
@gdturg ; &ud!gfd Ldfas
Dgbtrl! aojel o, eo!gdu!lr ifo!ojy "fo`ojfdl` fbhoreltfob h`ows hroe
;B to *B to protgfb9 A`tfeltg`y ftGs tmg strudturg oh protgfb lba to soeg
dobtgt tmg strudturg oh *B tmlt fs agtgrefbfbj tmg hubdtfob oh l ifo`ojfdl`
prodgss. #t fs tmg do``gdtga hubdtfob oh tmgsg afhhgrgbt protgfbs fbsfag tmg dg``
tmlt pgreft ifo`ojfdl` hubdtfob ob mow orjlbfses wor:.
;Bs lif`fty to dopy ftsg`h! mow tmg strudturg oh ;B fs li`g to rgp`fdltgftsg`h! tmg prodgss tmlt rgp`fdltgs gboefd fbhoreltfob. Clrzlf wf`` tl`: liout
Qrlbsdrfptfob! trlbshgr oh fbhoreltfob hroe ;B to *B lba trlbs`ltfob
hroe *B to protgfb. 3ow wmgb tmgsg hubdtfobs lrg egssga up tmgy dlusg
afsglsgs. Abagrstlba mow *gp`fdltfob! Qrlbsdrfptfob lba Qrlbs`ltfob lrg
rgju`ltga! wmlt mlppgbs fh tmgy lrg efs-rgju`ltga.
#=S$*QBQ Q3= #4 3$7 4Q*A1QA* #4 *+Q; Q$
/AB1Q#$B.
Bud`gfd dfas fbd`uags#go&yrf%obud`gfd ldfalba"f%obud`gfd ldfa. `ot
oh e*B aobGt mlvg spgdfhfd strudturg! t*B strudturg fs vgry
ubf?ug(feportlbt fb Qrlbs`ltfob) . &sr*B fb rfiosoeg fs l doepobgbt oh
tmg %M4 rfiosoeg.
/odus elfb`y ob ;B strudturg lba mow ft fs rg`ltga to fts lif`fty to
aup`fdltg ftsg`h.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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7mlt fs ;B8
1oeputgrs usg M! hor tmgfr doag! mow fs tmlt doag storga8 #t fs storga fb "fts!
you mlvg eljbgts fbsfag ifts wmfdm dlb ig posftfvg or bgjltfvg! tmlt hf`g fs
storga fb M! doag! tmlt fs storga ob tmg mlra arfvg.
5< o, C8 .rfbtfbjfs tmg !Q!1! ilsgs!
Doe.utgr ,f!gfs tmg gbg! tmlt fs tmg hf`g tmlt agsdrfigs tmg wmo`g strudturg
oh oi,gdt.
rob O6fag #s tmg eltgrfl` tmlt el:gs up tmg eljbgt fb tmg 3*; ;*#6.
;B fs tmg eltgrfl`! bot ygt tmg jgbg! ;B fs @A4Q l dmgefdl`
(agoyrfiobud`gfd dfa) Qmlt dmgefdl` fs lbl`ojous to tmg eljbgt (el:gs
up #rob ofag). ;B fs tmg eltgrfl` tmlt storgs tmg fbhoreltfob. ! Q (A)!1!
fs tmg doafbj systge.
C8 .!lstfd oikgdt #out.ut) fs lbl`ojous to tmg S*$Q#B.
1oeputgr hf`g fs tmg gbg 'lra arfvgdlb ig tmg jgboeg.
Qmg fagl fs tmlt ;B fs bot tmg jgbg! doag. ;B #4 Q3 =Q*#+ Q3Q
4Q$*4 ! Q(A)! 1! 1$;4 $B #Q. =l:g dobbgdtfobs.
@glrbfbj Oikgdtfvgs ,or 3lrt o gts o, G6.grfegbts;
9rgagrfd7s "rf,,ftms G6.grfegbt;# usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Youjm trlfb #&ob/*fru!gbt( ; ;obGt mlvg s`fey dolt so efdg wf``
proili`y `fvg.
L dmgefdl! rgsfstlbt to mglt fs rgs.obsfi!g ,or tmg mgrgafty o, vfru!gbdg fb
trg.tododdus .bgueobflg
9rgagrfd7 "rf,,ftmHs G6.grfegbt # usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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B3 * Y8&B*>+ $&Y Q# #Y*Q' &$ 6*Y9+BD *B
QY8Q&D&DD9 8B9"&B*3
Qmg Os>l!a Lvgry=s G6.grfegbt; /frst (3glt-:f``ga seootm strlfb lba
efga wftm *oujm 4trlfb) *gsu`t tmg eousg afgs.
"of`ga strlfb (3glt-:f``ga seootm strlfb) wls trgltga wftm Srotglsg hfrst lba
tmgb efgs ft wftm tmg *$A3 4Q*#B.
3rotglsg; Srotgfb tmlt wf`` agjrlag l`` protgfb
3glt-:f``ga seootm strlfb efga wftm roujm strlfb 2*blsg Ygsu!t Qmg
eousg afgs9 4o you tl:g iof`ga ildtgrfl hroe seootm strlfb! you trglt ft wftm
;blsg wmfdm wf`` dmop up ;B! irgl:aowb ;B fbto sel`` pfgdgs lba ef
ft wftm *oujm 4trlfb Ygsu!t #4 Q3 =$A4 +#649
$47+; 6*0 OS*#=BQ! wmfdm smowga tmlt ;B fs rgspobsfi`g
hor tmg mgrgafty oh vfru`gbdg fb 4trgptododdus pbgueobflg
Os>l!a LvgryHs G6.grfegbt #
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Qmg bgt ifj Nugstfob 3ow aogs ;B plss ob jgbgtfd fbhoreltfob hroe
obg jgbgrltfob to tmg bgt8 7mlt fs tmg egdmlbfse8
/roe obg orjlbfse to fts ohhsprfbj
/roe dg`` to dg`` wftmfb tmg sleg orjlbfse. Qmg lbswgr `fgs wftmfb tmg ;B
strudturg.
4trudturg wf`` ig l el,or tmge tmroujmout tmfs doursg999
7ltsob lba 1rfd: ob`y iuf`t l eoag` oh ;B tmlt hft l`` tmg ;Q. Qmgfr
eoag` oh ;B sujjgstga tmlt l dopyfbj egdmlbfse.
Qmg two strlbas oh ;B mlvg doep`gegbtlry sg?ugbdgs! wmgb two strlbas
oh ;B lrg sgplrltga! gldm strlba dlb ig usga l tgep`ltg! hor sybtmgsfs oh
two bgw alujmtgr strlbas.
"y dobtrlst tmg fbdorrgdt eoag` proposga iy Slu`fbj lba 1orgy afa bot
sujjgst l dopyfbj egdmlbfse.
@glrbfbj Oikgdtfvgs ,or 3lrt usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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8flegtgr o, 8&L aoui!g mg!f6fs 'M B4Q*$=4 or 'MMW-M egtgrs
Qmgrg fs l protgfb tmlt mg`ps ;B po`yegrlsg stly ob tmg ;B. Qmfs
prgvgbts po`yegrlsg hroe doefbj ohh (tmfs protgfb fs dl``ga>4`fafbj
D`lep) or S1B tmfs protgfb mg`ps po`yegrlsgs stly ob! mls l mo`g tmlt fs
%Mbjstroes wfag! you dlb feegafltg`y proposg l egdmlbfse ob mow
"s`fafbj d`lep (or S1B) mg`ps protgfb stly ob ;B ft fs ilsfdl``y l aobut
tmlt hores l rfbj lrouba l ;B eo`gdu`g lba l``ows po`yegrlsg to stly ob!
so :bowfbj plrlegtgrs fs vgry feportlbt.
$bg ilsg plfr to tmg bgt fs liout %.< bjstroes wfag. 3ow
elby ilsg plfrs lrg tmgrg fb 3uelbs8
%.'"f``fob "lsg plfrs
3ow `obj fs ;B wmgb you strgtdm ft out8
%MWHip (%.< MW-Me)IMMW-e wmfdm fs < egtgr9 (Cbowfbj tmfs
bueigr l``ows you to :bow mow `obj fs l pfgdg oh ;B wmgb you strgtdm ft
out hroe 3uelb dg``.
Bueigr oh "lsg plfrs pgr turb fs liout M.Jip pgr turb. =l,orfty oh ;B
fbsfag dg``s fs fb tmg "-/ore> "-hore ;B fs l rfjmt-mlbaga aoui`g mg`f.
;frgdtfobs your hfbjgrs lrg pofbtfbj lrg tmg afrgdtfob you bgga to tl:g up.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Lbtf/Dob,oreltfob o, "!ydosy! Ioba)
"lsg pofbtfbj lwly hroe tmg sujlr rfbj. Qwo strlbas fb oragr to plfr
propgr`y! tmg two strlbas eust ig fb opposftg afrgdtfobs! obg JGto%G lba otmgr
JGto%G fb opposftg afrgdtfob. Sofbtfbj wly hroe tmg rfbj tmlt fs tmglbtfdobhoreltfob.
"!ydosy! Ioba #s tmg ioba igtwggb tmg sujlr rfbjlba tmg ilsg)
7my fsbGt ft fb tmg 4yb dobhoreltfob8
4ujlr-pmospmltg ild:iobg fs bgjltfvg`y dmlrjga! aobGt wlbt to ig d`osg
tojgtmgr smou`a ig hlr lplrt. QmgrghorgB3 f1gs to ig fb tmg
3btfdobhoreltfob hor tmg `ydosy` ioba fb tmg >4$ore B3.
agbtf,yfbj $lkor lba $fbor "roovgs;/frst fagbtfhy tmg sujlr-pmospmltg ild:iobg! tmgb arlw l `fbg tmlt fs
tlbjgbtfl` to durvg oh ;B(Slrl``g` `fbgs) lba feegafltg`y you dlb sgg tmg
spldfbj. Asg @eo` to sgg `gdtrob agbsfty! dlb sgg jroovgs eorg glsf`y
(=fbor jroovg! wmfdm fs blrrowgr. Bow fh you jo up ob =l,or roovg ft
aogsbGt dross ovgr. =l,or roovg lba =fbor jroovg lrg sgplrltg.
$lkor "roovg5 $fbor "roovg5 ujlr/.mos.mltg ild7iobg Qmfs fs wmlt
eo`gdu`gs sgg sg?ugbdgs oh ;B.
7mgb you wlbt to hfba l spgdfhfd sg?ugbdg! you usg your gygs to `oo: lt
`gttgrs. =o`gdu`gs 4 tmg strudturgs oh ;B! tmg eo`gdu`g potgbtfl``y
fbtgrldts wftm tmg sujlr-pmospmltg ild:iobg or fbsgrt ftsg`h fb =fbor roovg
or ft wf`` fbsgrt ftsg`h fb tmg =l,or roovg to fagbtfhy lba afstfbjufsm obg
sg?ugbdg hroe lbotmgr.
3ow ao eo`gdu`gs afstfbjufsm igtwggb sg?ugbdgs8 Qmrgg strudturgs tmlt
B3 >fbafbj protgfbs dou`a potgbtfl``y rgdojbfzg0
.4ujlr pmospmltg ild:iobg
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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'.=fbor roovg
%.=l,or roovg
Asghu` Qfps
7mgb agtgrefbfbj tmg afrgdtfobl`fty oh l ;B strlba fagbtfhy tmg JG lba %G
lba hfrst. Qo fagbtfhy tmg JG lba %G hodus ob obg pgbtosg *fbj lba tmgb
fagbtfhy tmg JGlba %Gdlriobs. Qmgb arlw lb lrrow.
e.ortlbt; /or tmg JG gba tmgrg aogsbGt mlvg to ig pmospmltg (7mlt fs ob
tmg JGgba ;$4BQ elttgr) 5mlt gtgrefbgs tmg frgdtfobl`fty fs tmg
ujlr Yfbj:
4oegtfegs wmgb you wlbt to sybtmgsfzg ;B hor lb gpgrfegbt! you wlbt l
hrgg %G 3yaroy` jroup! soegtfegs l pmospmltg jroup iut ft agpgbas mow
you doeefttga you lrg liout tmg strudturg.
7ltsob-1rfd: "lsg Slfrfbj fb ;B (or *B) fs tmg strudturl` ilsfd hor
doep`gegbtlry lssodfltfob igtwggb two bud`gfd ldfa strlbas. plfrs spgdfhfdl``y wftm Q (A) lba wftm 1. 7ltsob lba 1rfd: ilsg plfrfbj
fs obg :fba oh fbtgrldtfob tmlt stlif`fzgs tmg aoui`g mg`f. botmgr typg oh
hordg tmlt fs stlif`fzfbj ;B fs tmg stld:fbj oh ilsgs! wmfdm dlusg iy
myaropmoifd fbtgrldtfobs igtwggb obg ilsg plfr to tmg bgt. roeltfd *fbjs!
wmfdm mlvg l `ot oh! pf g`gdtrobs liovglba ig!o>tmg rfbj. 3yaropmoifd
gbvfrobegbt :fba oh `f:g lb of` arop (+f:g of` arop`gts tmlt `f:g stfd: to gldm
otmgr) 6fbgjlr fs 3yaropmf`fd! of`y arop`gts ("lsgs stld:fbj ob top gldm
otmgr wmfdm fs hlvorli`g.) #eljfbg l dljg oh wltgr horefbj lrouba ;B
ilsgs
Ilsg tld7fbj fb &ud!gfd Ldfas
3yaropmoifd! 6lb aggr 7ll`s lba g`gdtrostltfd fbtgrldtfobs hlvor tmg
l`fjbegbt oh ilsgs fb lb l?ugous so`utfob or wftmfb l po`ybud`gotfag dmlfb!
tmg ub-stld:ga orfgbtltfob fs afshlvorga.
"-/ore ;B fs tmg eost proefbgbt fb blturg fb pmysfo`ojfdl` dobaftfobs!
ubagr afhhgrgbt dobaftfobs !;B dlb mlvg -;B or D-;B.
L/8&Lfs eorg doepldt lba smortgr hor sleg leoubt oh "lsg plfrs.(*fjmt3lbaga 3g`f)
M/9ore Dfj-Dfj! +ght mlbaga mg`f elyig hfba D-/ore fb l`tgrbltfbj \1
rfdm rgjfobs.
;B (fbvfvo) eost`y houba fb "-/ore ;B.
8&L Lao.ts 8f,,grgbt 'g!fdl! 9ores;
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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*B l`so dlb hore 3g`fdgs. *B fs eorg `f:g tmg -/ore oh ;B.
ujlr .ud7gr dob,oreltfob;
D/=G&8O vs) D/C=G&8O
I/9OY$; #1G' gbao sujlr pud:gr) sp% dlriobs fb sujlr rfbj (lbj`g oh sp%
dlriobs fs MH.J ) Sgbtljob bggas to jfvg eorg lbj`gs to gldm dlriob! so
gvgry dlriob mls MH.J lbj`gs.
#b tmg D= gbao .ud7grtmg 'G dlriob fs mfjmgr tmlb tmg %Gdlriob. #b
tmg DC= gbao .ud7grtmg %G dlriob fs mfjmgr tmgb 'G dlriob.
7my fs L/9OY$ eorg ,lvorli!ghor *B8
"gdlusg fb *B you mlvg 'G3yaroy` jroup tmlt wou`a fbtgrhgrg wftm tmg
1'Gbao sujlr pud:gr dobhoreltfob (Qmg 'G 3yaroy` jroup fb *B wou`a
d`lsm wftm tmg pmospmltg.) Qmus wmy *B fs houba prgaoefblbt`y fb tmg 1%
gbao sujlr pud:gr hore (*B prghgrgbtfl``y fb /$*=.)
*B strudturg tgbas to ig eorg afvgrsg! tmg gtrl 'G 3yaroy` jroup fb
*B! wmfdm dlb hore 3yarojgb iobas wftm bgfjmiorfbj oyjgb! or fbtgrldtwftm wltgr eo`gdu`g horefbj irfajgs (gtrl dobhoreltfobs) *B strudturg fs
eorg afvgrsg.
3ow aogs l ;B "#B;#B S*$Q#B (trlbsdrfptfob hldtor) hfba l spgdfhfd
;B sg?ugbdg8
#h you wgrg l ;B ifbafbj protgfb eo`gdu`g! mow wou`a you hfba l
.lrtfdu!lrsg0ugbdg8 0ou wou`a hfba ft tmroujm tmg el,or jroovg. 7my8
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Qmg doep`fdfty oh l sg?ugbdg prgsgbtga fb tmg el,or jroovg fs ?uftg
doep`g> eo`gdu`g dlb ig agsfjbga to rgdojbfzg plrtfdu`lr fbtgrldtfobs oh
tmg sg?ugbdgs sudm ls 3yarojgb "oba-aobor lba lddgptors. Qmg strudturl`
doep`gfty oh tmg efbor jroovg fs `gss. 4trudturl` 1oep`gfty ob tmg"fbor
jroovg fs `gss.
Qmg protgfb tmlt wlbts to hfba l spgdfhfd sg?ugbdg! eost `f:g`y wf`` hfba tmg
=@$* *$$69
Qmgrg lrg ldtul``y protgfbs tmlt wlbt to ifba to l`` ;B sg?ugbdgs> tmfs
protgfb wf`` proili`y ifba to tmg =fbor jroovg or tmg sujlr-pmospmltg
ild:iobg. $lkor G6dg.tfob;
QLQL/IO I&8&" 3YOQG&; 7mfdm fs l hfrst protgfb tmlt wf`` ifba to
proeotgr lba stlrt trlbsdrfptfob! tmlt protgfb wf`` fbsgrt ftsg`h fb tmg =fbor
jroovg.
3ow protgfbs rgdojbfzg afhhgrgbt spgdfgs iy rgdojbfzfbj el,or lba efbor
jroovgs.4trudturl` =otfhs oh ;B ifbafbj protgfbs
Qmgsg eo`gdu`gs fbsgrt tmgesg`vgs fb =l,or roovg
3g`f-turb-3g`f eotfh
"lsfd 3g`f-`oop-mg`f eotfh
"lsfd +gudfbg Dfppgr =otfh
trudturl! $otf,s o, 8&L Ifbafbj 3rotgfbs;
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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ujlr 3ud7gr Dob,oreltfob; D/H gbao vs) D/CH gbao;
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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'yarojgb/Ioba 8obor lba Lddg.tor Ltoes fb tmg $lkor lba $fbor
jroovgs o, 8&L;
3yarojgb "oba aobor lba lddgptor ltoes fb tmg =l,or lba =fbor roovg oh
;B. Botfdg mow tmg hour possfi`g ilsg plfrs lrg dmgefdl``y afstfbdt fb tmg
el,or lba efbor jroovg.
@gdturg + ;B 4trudturg lba *gp`fdltfob
@glrbfbj Oikgdtfvgs o, 3lrt ; ;gtgrefbg wmgtmgr l ;B eo`gdu`g fs
rg`lga or strgssga ilsga ob tmg strudturl` plrlegtgrs oh ;B.
;gsdrfig tmg prodgss oh ;B agblturltfob lba lbbgl`fbj (or rgblturltfob)
p`lfb wmy lbbgl`fbj two doep`gegbtlry ;B fs l s`ow prodgss
;gsdrfig wmlt lrg mypo dmroeltfd lba mypgr dmroeltfd ghhgdts oh ;B.
#btgrprgt gpgrfegbtl` altl tmlt eglsurgs ;B agblturltfob lba lbbgl`fbj.
Botgs hroe *gdorafbj
#t fs possfi`g to ubwfba ;B igdlusg sf oh tmg iobas fb tmg bud`gotfags dlb
rotltg hrgg`y! fbd`uafbj tmg ioba wftm tmg ilsg. "obas dlb rotltg to l``ow
dmlbjgs to ;B! tmgrghorg you dlb hroe l mg!fdl! ,oreto lb ub>ouba
.lrl!!g! strlbas.
\ugstfob;
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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7mlt fs tmg bueigr oh ilsg plfrs pgr turb fb rg`lga as;B8
*g`lga as;B ("-/$*= ;B fb pmysfo`ojfdl` dobaftfobs.) M.J ilsg plfr
pgr turb.
Abwouba hore fs vgry ubstli`g.
%.< bjstroes lrg tmg afstlbdg hroe ip to tmg bgt.
*gegeigr wmgb soegtmfbj agvfltgs hroe blturl` hore oh ;B fts fs jofbj
to eovg ild: to tmg eorg stli`g hore. #t fs `f:g l sprfbj lba you wlbt to
doeg ild: to stltg wmgrg bueigr oh ilsg plfrs pgr turb fs M.J.
'o> ao you jo ,roe <url! aoui!g mg!fdl! mg!f6 to doe.!gtg!y sg.lrltga
strlbas?
0ou wf`` bgga to hordg aoui`g mg`f to ubwfba ft. Abwfba ft to tmg pofbt
wmgrg ft l`eost igdoegs strlfjmt plrl``g`. 0ou bgga to put fb gbgrjy obg
hore oh gbgrjy fs mglt. 3glt up ;B slep`gs lba sgplrltg fbto two strlbas!
tmfs prodgss fs dl``ga ;BQA*Q#$B9 $r eg`tfbj oh ;B.
8gblturltfobfs l rlpfa doopgrltfvg prodgss. =ovfbj rfiiobs lrouba wf``
mg`p agblturltfob oh bgfjmiorfbj sg?ugbdgs! eg`tfbj oh obg plrt oh ;B wf``
mg`p tmg eg`tfbj oh tmg Bgfjmior.
Qmg eg!tfbj tge.grlturg Q$oh l aup`g ;B fs tmg tgepgrlturg lt wmfdm
ml`h oh tmg ;B fb tmg slep`g fs agblturga (3l`h fs fb aoui`g-mg`fdl` hore
lba tmg otmgr fs ubwouba.
#b tmg opposftg afrgdtfob jofbj hroe two sfbj`g-strlbaga ;B ild: to
lbbgl` aoui`g strlba tmfs rgvgrsg prodgss fs dl``ga (Lbbgl!fbj) or
rgblturltfob.
7mgb you lrg mgltfbj up ;B lt vgry mfjm tgepgrlturg `f:g HJ1 lba you
lrg s`ow`y dmlbjfbj tgepgrlturg ild: to rooe tgepgrlturg! tmg ;B
sg?ugbdgs wf`` hfba gldm otmgr lba tmgb twfst lrouba gldm otmgr to hore
aoui`g-mg`fdl` strudturg.
$pposftg prodgss fs eorg doep`fdltga igdlusg sg?ugbdgs dlb ig l`` ovgr tmg
p`ldg! tmgy bgga to hfba doep`gegbtlry sg?ugbdgs hfrst lba tmgb plfr up lba
hfba gldm otmgr! lba tmg /#B;#B S*Q #4 tmg s`ow prodgss ("gdlusg you
bgga to `oo: hor tmg rftg plrtbgr). "ut obdg tmg sg?ugbdgs hfba gldm otmgr! tmghorefbj oh tmg aoui`g mg`f fs l hlst prodgss9
#h you jo QOO \WD1@% hroe HJ1 to 'J1 ! wmlt wf`` mlppgb ! you efjmt
bot hfba pgrhgdt eltdmgs! soegtfegs tmgrg wf`` ig sg?ugbdgs wftm tmg sleg
strlba oh ;B lba you hore tmgsg `oops tmlt lrg doep`gegbtlry to gldm
otmgr lba hore tmgsg `odl` strudturgs lba soegtfegs youG`` hfba sg?ugbdgs
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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3glt dlb sgplrltg ;B! iut l`so+bdrglsfbj pM fs l`so l egt(oa to agblturg
#BLtmg myarojgb iobas wf`` igdoeg ag.rotobltga5 lba dlbbot hore
3yarojgb iobas. 7my aogs tmfs el:g ft hl`` lplrt8 Qmg sujlr Kpmospmltg
ild:iobg fs bgjltfvg`y dmlrjga lba dlusgs tmge to hl`` lplrt (-) dmlrjgs
rgpg` gldm otmgr.
B$7 fh you laa 1#; to tmg ;B! tmg ;B wf`` ljjrgjltg tmg sujlr
pmospmltg ild:iobg igdoegs `gss bgjltfvg! tmgrghorg tmgy stfd: gldm otmgr.
'o> ao you eglsurg dmlbjg fb strudturg o, 8&L8
3ow ao wg ldtul``y agtgdt eo`gdu`gs oh ;B sgplrltg hroe gldm otmgr! obg
wly fs to `oo: lt tmg A6 lisorptfob oh ;B. 6fsfi`g `fjmt mls l wlvg`gbjtm
oh
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Qmg rglsob ft dmlbjgs hroe `ow to mfjm ft igdlusg fbftfl``y you mlvg as;B!
ls ft afssodfltgs ft feegafltg`y dmlbjgs to l mfjm lisorilbdg sftultfob. Qmg
efapofbt igtwggb trlbsftfobs fs eg`tfbj tgepgrlturg igdlusg tmfs fs pofbt
wmgrg ml`h oh eo`gdu`g fs stf`` aoui`g-strlbaga lba otmgr ml`h fs sfbj`g
strlbaga.
4mfdm L+3ro,f!gs Dorrgs.oba to 4mfdm &L g0ugbdgs;
B3 Ygp`fdltfob 3ow ao dg``s usg obg strlba! two strlbas ls tgep`ltgs to
sybtmgsfzg tmg bgw alujmtgr strlbas8
@glrbfbj Oikgdtfvgs ,or 3lrt
;gsdrfig tmg strudturg oh tmg suistrltgs oh ;B rgp`fdltfob
;gsdrfig tmg dmgefstry oh ;B sybtmgsfs lba tmg dltl`ytfd egdmlbfse oh
;B po`yegrlsg.
p`lfb tmg eo`gdu`lr egdmlbfse oh ;B po`yegrlsg tmlt gbsurgs tmglddurldy oh tmg po`yegrlsg rgldtfob
p`lfb mow ;B po`yegrlsg rgldtfob fs prfega.
/odus ob dmgefstry oh ;B sybtmgsfs lba eo`gdu`lr egdmlbfse oh ;B
rgp`fdltfob.
Dmgefstry o, Ygldtfob Dooefbj fb lt ltoefd `gvg`s! tryfbj to ubagrstlba
mow iobas lrg irgl:fbj! wmlt g`gdtrobs lrg lttld:fbj wmlt.
$o!gdu!lr $gdmlbfse; Dooe out stgp. +oo: lt tmg Srotgfbs9 Qmg
1mgefstry oh ;B *gp`fdltfob tmg suistrltgs oh ;B *gp`fdltfob mls twosuistrltgs .) a&Q3.
'.) 3rfegrFtge.!ltg kubdtfob Qwo strlbas! l tgep`ltg strlba mlvg lb
ss;B lba as;B. ss;B wf`` provfag l tgep`ltg strlba! afrgdts tmg
sybtmgsfs oh doep`gegbtlry bud`gfd ldfa.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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Qmg prfegr strlba bggas to mlvg l %G$3 jroup tmlt wf`` ig usga to gtgba tmg
strlba. 8rfegr trlba dlb ig B3 or YB3. 3owgvgr tmg bgw`y sybtmgsfzga
proaudt fs ;B. tgba hroe tmg %G$3 ob tmg prfegr strlba fb tmg JGto %G
afrgdtfob. ;B sybtmgsfs aogs B$Q oddur wftmout l prfegr.
*gegeigr you bgga l %G$3 jroup to gtgba.
Ovgrvfg> o, tmg Dmgefstry 8&L ybtmgsfs lba tmg $o!gdu!lr $gdmlbfse
o, 8&L Yg.!fdltfob;
Qmg Dmgefstry o, 8&L ybtmgsfs;/oreltfob oh pmospmoafgstgr "oba tmroujm
4B' rgldtfob.
4o fbdoefbj aBQS! hores l 7ltsob-1rfd: ilsg plfr! ft wf`` ig posftfob so tmgpmospmltg wf`` ig vgry d`osg to tmg 3yaroy` roup. %G$3 wf`` lttld: tmg l`pml
pmospmltg oh fbdoefbj aBQS fb lb 4B' rgldtfob. 4B' rgldtfob fs doorafbltga>
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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$3 jroup fs tmg Bud`gopmf`g (`ovgs Bud`gus oh pmospmorous). Qmg jol` fs to
hore l pmospmoafgstgr ioba! d`glvfbj pmospmorous oyjgb ioba! tmg `glvfbj
jroup fs .yro.mos.mltg)
&ud!go.mf!g; %G$3 ob tmg prfegr strlba lttld:s l`pml-pmospmltg @glvfbj
"rou.; Syropmospmltg oh tmg fbdoefbj aBQS.
7mgb aBQS fs bot doep`gegbtlry to gldm otmgr! tmg bud`gotfags lrgbGt `fbga
up propgr`y.
Dltl!ytfd G,,fdfgbdy #s strobj`y agpgbagbt ob tmg lif`fty oh tmg fbdoefbjbud`gotfag to hore doep`gegbtlry ilsg plfrfbj wftm tmg tgep`ltg.
3DY Ygldtfob Sut fb l ;B! lba l prfegr! po`yegrlsg! aBQS4 lba tmgbyou wf`` sybtmgsfzg proaudt ilsga ob tgep`ltg strlba.
7mgb you ef ;B! tgep`ltg! lba prfegr tojgtmgr wftm aBQS4 B$Q3#Bwf`` mlppgb! wftmout tmg gbzyeg (tmgrg fs lb dtfvltfob gbgrjy ilrrfgr)! you
wobGt spobtlbgous`y jo tmroujm tmfs rgldtfob ft wf`` tl:g yglrs. 0ou bggagbzyeg to `owgr ldtfvltfob gbgrjy ilrrfgr. ;B po`yegrlsg fs gbzyeg tmltfs `owgrfbj tmg gbgrjy. #bdoefbj aBQS wf`` hore pmospmoafgstgr ioba.
Qmg Dmgefstry o, 8&L ybtmgsfs; 9oreltfob o, 3mos.moafgstgr IobaQmroujm & Ygldtfob;
Qmg ldtfvg sftg oh ;B po`yegrlsg dlb dobdgptul``y ig sgplrltga fbto post-
fbsgrtfob sftg lba fbsgrtfob sftg. Qmg post-fbsgrtfob sftg fs wmgrg ftGs mo`afbj
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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l`rglay plfrga ilsg plfrs> ft l`so mo`as bud`gotfag ob prfegr-strlba tmlt dobtlfbs
3yaroy` roup! wmfdm fs jofbj to lttld: fbdoefbj aBQS.
bsgrtfob sftg fs wmgrg fbdoefbj bud`gotfag fs jofbj to hft fb! ft l`so dobtlfbs
tgep`ltg tmlt fs doep`gegbtlry to fbdoefbj bud`gotfag. (aBQS) l`so p`ldg
wmgrg ilsg plfrfbj oh bgw bud`gotfags fs jofbj to oddur.
Qmg Gb2yeg tmlt Dltl!y2gs tmg ybtmgsfs o, 8&L fs Dl!!ga 8&L
3o!yegrlsg #3o!(;
*gegeigr tmg 8&Q *BYQ*&B *Qfs wmgrg lttld:fbj bud`gotfag fs
`odltga.
bsgrtfob ftg 7mgrg fbdoefbj bud`gotfag aBQS l`so p`ldg wmgrg ilsg
plfrfbj oh bgw bud`gotfag fs jofbj to oddur.
8&L 3O@%$GYLG usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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ft eust ig li`g to afstfbjufsm wrobj ilsg plfrs (so wmlt fts `oo:fbj hor fs tmlt
you dlb hore (dorrgdt 7ltsob lba 1rfd: "lsg Slfrs.)Qmgsg 3yarojgb "obas
provfag tmlt gtrl gbgrjy tmlt you dlb afstfbjufsm dorrgdt ilsg plfr vgrsus
bot dorrgdt ilsg plfr.
Sl`e aoelfb l`so fbtgrldts wftm tmg efbor jroovg oh dorrgdt blsdgbt "lsg
plfr! stlif`fzfbj tmg fbtgrldtfob. 7mgb you hore iobas you hore gtrl
stlif`fzltfob gbgrjy. bgrjy wftm two 3 iobas lba tmrgg 3 iobas! tmlt
gbgrjy afhhgrgbdg fs ob`y -':dl`\eo`g. Qmlt fs bot gboujm to afstfbjufsm rftg
lba wrobj. Qmg ldtfvg sftg oh ;B po`yegrlsgs afstfbjufsmgs rftg lba wrobj
tmus lddoubtfbj hor l ifjjgr gbgrjy afhhgrgbdg tmgb -':dl`\eo`g.
Qmg gdoba "o`gdu`lr >lsfd hor po`yegrlsg lddurldy #s tmg gbzyeg wf``
dmlbjg dobhoreltfob! ubagrjogs l dobhoreltfob dmlbjg hroe lb o.gbhore
to d!osgahore. Qmg tmuei aoelfb mo`as ob to tmg aoui`g mg`fdl` plrt oh tmg
prfegr-tgep`ltg ,ubdtfob! tmg tgep`ltg fs stfd:fbj out! hfbjgr aoelfb fs
h`gfi`g ft dlb d`osg! wmgb bud`gotfags doeg fb! ft wf`` ifba to hfbjgrs lba
eovg to tmg ldtfvg sftg.
#h you mlvg l dorrgdt ilsg bud`gotfag tmlt dlb plfr up wftm tgep`ltg-strlba ft
wf`` ig li`g to d`osg doep`gtg`y. "ut fh you aobGt mlvg l dorrgdt ilsg you
dlbbot d`osg doep`gtg`y.
Qmg hfbjgr aoelfb oh ;B So`yegrlsg dobsfsts oh O/'g!f6. Qmfs $-3g`f
fs plrt oh tmg hfbjgr aoelfb. 7mgb fbdoefbj aBQS dlb hore l jooa 7ltsob
lba drfd: ilsg plfr! tmgb wmo`g hfbjgr aoelfb dlb d`osg doep`gtg`y tmlt l`so
fbdrglsgs tmg hrgg-gbgrjy afhhgrgbdg igdlusg you mlvg gtrl fbtgrldtfobs tmltlrg provfaga iy+ysfbg, 3rjfbfbg, Qyrosfbgtmlt fs ob surhldg oh M-3g`f.
7mlt fs tmg dmlrjg dmlrldtgrfstfd oh +ysfbg! rjfbfbg8 (2 Sosftfvg)
1lb ifba wg`` wftm bgjltfvg`y dmlrjga pmospmltgs jroup! fb laaftfob tmg
Qyrosfbg tmlt fs vgry myaropmoifd fs jofbj to fbtgrldt wftm fbdoefbj ilsg
(tmg lroeltfd rfbj) tmfs wf`` laa gtrl gbgrjy to tg`` afhhgrgbdg igtwggb rfjmt
lba wrobj.
1lb tmfb: oh aBQS ifbafbj to tmg hfbjgr aoelfb hfrst lba tmgb d`osga up.ba fh ftGs bot tmg dorrgdt ilsg plfrs! ft wobGt d`osg doep`gtg`y. Qmfs
bud`gotfag fs doefbj to tmg ldtfvg sftg lba ip lba tmus d`osgs doep`gtg`y to
stlif`fzg tmg strudturg! wmgb ft fs stlif`fzg tmg rjfbg lba `ysfbg wf`` hurtmgr
stlif`fzg tmg pyropmospmltg `glvfbj jroup! hurtmgr afstrfiutgs tmg bgjltfvg
dmlrjg ob pyropmospmltg el:fbj ft lb gvgb igttgr `glvfbj jroup! ft l`so
stlif`fzgs tmg stld:fbj oh tmg ilsgs.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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7mgb ftGs dorrgdt`y ilsg-plfrga wftm tmg doep`gegbtlry oh tmg tgep`ltg
strlba! tmfs fs tmg sgdoba ilsfs ob mow tmg gbzyeg ldtul``y gljjgrltgs tmg
gbgrjy afhhgrgbdg igtwggb l efseltdm lba eltdmga ilsg.
$b`y wmgb you jgt dorrgdt ilsg plfrfbj (7ltsob lba 1rfd:) wf`` l``ow you to
mlvg doep`gtg d`osfbj oh tmg ldtfvg sftg to l``ow tmg eovgegbt oh hfbjgr
aoelfb! tmgrgiy propgr`y l`fjbfbj tmg %G$3 jroup lba l`fjb ft so ft dlb
lttld: l`pml pmospmltg to l``ow 4B' rgldtfob to oddur ghhfdfgbt`y.
#bdorrgdt "lsg plfr! wf`` bot l``ow posftfobfbj oh aBQS fb ldtfvg sftg
propgr`y! tmfs wf`` agdrglsg tmg rltg oh 4B' rgldtfob iy M ho`a to MMM ho`a!
,ust =A13 s`owgr rgldtfob.
*gegeigr gvgryobg dlb jo fbto tmg ldtfvg sftg> l`` ilsgs dlb jo! mowgvgr
ob!y >mgb dorrgdt bud!gotfags5 a&Q3s gbtgr fb tmg ldtfvg sftgwf`` mlvg
1$=S+Q 1$B/$*=Q#$B d`osfbj.
1lb tmfb: oh ;B po`yegrlsg ls l bobafsdrfbltfvg gep`oygr! mg or smg wf``
`gt lbyobg try out hor tmg ,oi! iut ob`y tmg obg tmlt dlb ao tmg ,oi wf`` jgt.
bzyeg wf`` `gt l`` hour aBQSs doeg fb to try! lba ob`y tmg obg tmlt wor:s
wf`` ig l``owga to jo tmroujm lb ghhfdfgbt 4B' rgldtfob.
X Qwo =j fobs! hfrst fs stlif`fzfbj tmg lttld:fbj %G$3 jroup to el:g ft
bgjltfvg! igdoegs eudm strobjgr bud`gopmf`g lba lttld:s tmg l`pml
pmospmltg lba sgdoba =j tmlt stlif`fzgs `glvfbj pyropmospmltg lba rjfbg
lba +ysfbg fb tmg hfbjgr aoelfbs wf`` l`so stlif`fzg tmg Syropmospmltg. Qmg
=j fs ob tmg pl`e aoelfb lba tmg hfbjgr aoelfb> tmgrg lrg tmgsg rgsfaugstmlt dlb hore 3 iobas tmroujm =fbor jroovg oh ilsg plfr. Qyrosfbg stlif`fzgs
fbdoefbj roeltfd *fbj oh tmg fbdoefbj aBQS.
#b blturg soeg otmgr ;B po`yegrlsgs usg otmgr egtl` fobs =b!=j!Dfbd.
3o!yegrlsg bsgrtfob 9fag!fty; =o`gdu`lr "lsfd dobtrfiutgs to lddurldy oh
gbzyeg tmlt l``ows ft to el:g l efstl:g fb MM!MMMbts(bud`gotfags). Qmfs
fsbGt vgry jooa. Qmfb: liout ft fh you mlvg % "f``fob ilsg plfrs! tmlt wou`a
eglb %M!MMM efstl:gs9 B$Q $$; B$A39
#b obg rouba oh 8&L Yg.!fdltfob. 3ow dlb wg el:g tmfs igttgr tl`: liout
proohrglafbj egdmlbfse8 7mfdm fbvo`vgs %G to JG gobud`glsg ldtfvfty oh
gbzyeg! wmfdm wf`` fbdrglsg lddurldy to obg efstl:g fb M ef``fob
bud`gotfags (4tf`` B$Q $$; B$A3 "AQ S*QQ0 $$;).
@glrbfbj Oikgdtfvgs ,or 3lrt ;
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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p`lfb tmg proohrglafbj hubdtfob egafltga iy tmg %GtoJG gobud`glsg aoelfb
oh tmg ;B po`yegrlsg.
p`lfb mow tmg JGto %G gobud`glsg aoelfb oh ;B So` fs fbvo`vga fb bfd:
trlbs`ltfob. ;gsdrfig wmlt trlbs `gsfob ;B So`yegrlsgs. ;gsdrfig mow ;B
sybtmgsfs fs prfega.
obud`glsg d`glvgs bud`gotfags (lt pmospmoafgstgr ioba) obg lt l tfeg hroe
tmg gba oh l ;B strlba.
"y dobtrlst! gbaobud`glsg duts tmg pmospmoafgstgr ioba >ftmfbl ;B
strlba.
Qmgrg lrg /#6 (J) ;B po`yegrlsgs fb "ldtgrfl lba l `ot eorg fb 3uelbs!
ilsfdl``y tmg sleg.
Qmgsg ;B po`yegrlsgs l`so mlvg gtrl aoelfbs tmlt dlb ao afhhgrgbt
hubdtfobs. ;B po`yegrlsgs !'!% mlvg tmgsg %GtoJG gobud`glsgs! fb 3o! usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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7mlt fs mlppgbfbj fb tmg ldtfvg sftg oh gobud`glsg aoelfb8
4o you mlvg lb fbdorrgdt bud`gotfag gbtgrfbj! so ft jot stud:! ft stl``ga tmgrg.
fvgs opportubfty hor % to < bud`gotfags to h`fp out! lba tmgb h`fp ft obto tmg
ldtfvg sftg oh %Gto JG gobud`glsg(rgegeigr ftGs l afhhgrgbt ldtfvg sftg hroe
tmg ;B So`yegrlsg youG`` hfba fb tmg pl`e aoelfb) ! fh you zooe fb fbto
ldtfvg sftg oh %G to JG gobud`glsg you wf`` obdg ljlfb sgg tmfs '-egtl`
egdmlbfse.
4fef`lr plttgrb to pl`e aoelfb ldtfvg sftg! tmfs fs gssgbtfl``y rgvgrsg rgldtfob
oh ;B sybtmgsfs! ft usgs =j stlif`fzfbj %G$yjgb lba lbotmgr =j
stlif`fzgs (-) dmlrjg ob tmg pmospmltg jroup lba lb fbdoefbj 3yaroy`
jroup.
Qmg &ud!go.mf!g o, tmfs rgldtfob(3yaroy` roup fs bud`gopmf`g! ft fs
lttld:fbj tmg bud`gus oh pmospmorus fts dlusfbj pmospmorus oyjgb ioba to
irgl: lba wmlt fs tmg !glvfbj jrou.%G*M- (poor `glvfbj jroup) so you mlvg
l =j d`osg to ft to afstrfiutg tmg dmlrjg (el:fbj ft l igttgr `glvfbj jroup)
wmfdm mg`ps tmg gbzyeg. =j2 mg`ps tmg agprotltfob oh wltgr. 3yaroy`
jroup tmlt fs ldtfbj ls l Bud`gopmf`g fs doefbj hroe tmg wltgr(Qmg
=ljbgsfue mg`ps tmg agprotobltfob. =ljbgsfue el:gs tmg 3yaroy` jroup
l igttgr Bud`gopmf`g.
7mgb ft fs tmg dorrgdt aQS! ft wf`` mlvg pgrhgdt jgoegtry hfttfbj! lba tmg
hfbjgr aoelfbs dlb d`osg hu``y! hldf`ftltfbj 4B' rgldtfob (wf`` ig vgry hlst
wftm dorrgdt aBQS! hores pmospmoafgstgr ioba lba eovgs ob to tmg bgt
dyd`g.
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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7mlt mlppgbs wmgb you mlvg tmg fbdorrgdt bud`gotfag aBQS8 7mfdm wf``mlppgb % out < tfegs
Qmgrg fs bo dorrgdt jgoegtrfd hfttfbj> tmg hfbjgr aoelfb dlbGt d`osg hu``y! so ft
wf`` ,ust 4Q++ Q3*! tmg %G$3 lba l`pml pmospmltg lrg bot l`fjbga
tmgrghorg rgldtfob fs gtrgeg`y s`ow! ft ilsfdl``y doegs ohh! jogs ild:wlra3owgvgr fb MM!MMM tfegs tmgrg wf`` ig l efseltdmga ft dlb mlppgb lba
gvgb fh 4B' rgldtfob fs s`ow! tmg fbdorrgdt ilsg plfr tmlt jot fbdorporltga!
bow ;B wf`` h`fp out lba gbtgr tmg gobud`glsg sftg! tmfs fs tmg tfeg ft wf``
jgt d`glvga lba jo ild: to stltg.
"ut fb Mef``fob tfegs tmfs wf`` stf`` mlppgb ft wf`` hordg ftsg`h tmroujm lba
:ggp ob jofbj lba you wf`` mlvg l efseltdm fb tmg efaa`g oh tmg ;B
4g?ugbdg (tmfs wf`` ig tl:gb dlrg oh iy ;B *gplfr wmfdm hfgs
efseltdmgs)
Q3$A3Q NA4Q#$B 7mlt mlppgbs fh tmgrg fs ;B aleljg ob
tgep`ltg strlba lba agstroys tmg lif`fty to plfr up wftm lby aBQSs. bswgr
8lusga 8o`yegrlsg: So`yegrlsg wf`` ,ust plusg tmgrg lba dlbGt ao lbytmfbj.
7orst tmfbj tmlt dlb mlppgb igdlusg you dlbbot doep`gtg tmg sybtmgsfs oh
;B! mowgvgr dg``s mlvg gvo`vga Qrlbs`gsfob ;B So`yegrlsgs.
7mlt wf`` mlppgb8 #h you mlvg l lp wmo wf`` jfvg %G3yaroy` roup! #b
oragr to sybtmgsfzg ;B you bgga %GM3 jroup to lttld: l`pml pmospmltg! f,
you mlvg l jl. tmgrg fs bo C=O' jrou.! ;B dlb ig `od:ga fb tmlt
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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dobhoreltfob. o you mlvg l .lusga .o!yegrlsg. So`yegrlsg wf`` ig
plusga lba tmgb ft dlbGt ao lbytmfbj (7orst tmfbj tmlt dlb mlppgb to l dg``!
igdlusg you dlbbot doep`gtg sybtmgsfs oh ;B.). 1g``s
mlvg gvo`vga Qrlbs`gsfobs ;B So`yegrlsg!
3O@ L&8 JaobGt mlvg %Gto JG gobud`glsgs! tmgsg
gbzyegs mlvg l eudm ifjjgr dlvfty fb tmg ldtfvg sftg!
eglbfbj tmlt ft dlb lddoeeoaltg l `ot oh afhhgrgbt
dobhoreltfobs.
7mlt aogs ft eglb fh you mlvg l ifjjgr dlvfty8 #t dlb wor: tmroujm ft tmg
fbdorrgdt bud`gotfags efjmt l`so ig fbdorporltga! So` < lba J mlvg vgry mfjm
grror rltgs iut lrgssgbtfl`to tmg dg`` igdlusg tmgy mg`p tmg dg`` jo tmroujm
tmg prodgss wmgb you mlvg plusga po`yegrlsgs.
Qrlb!gsfob 8&L 3o!yegrlsg; (So` < lba So` J) mlvg `ow lddurldy tmgy
aobGt mlvg %GtoJG gobud`glsgs or JGto %G gobud`glsgs.
Qmg `ow lddurldy oh Qrlbs`gsfob ;B po`yegrlsgs l``ows tmge to fbsgrt lb
fbdorrgdt bud`gotfag opposftg to l aleljga-tgep`ltg strlba.Qmfs l``ows tmg rgp`fdltfob hor: to eovg plss l aleljg sftg. Slusga
po`yegrlsg mlppgbs vgry hrg?ugbt`y! so you aobGt mlvg wlbt to ubagrjo
lpoptosfs l`` tmg tfeg.
Ovgrvfg> o, tmg $gdmlbfstfd Ilsfs ,or 8&L 3o!yegrlsg Lddurldy;
@glrbfbj Oikgdtfvgs ,or 3lrt C;
G6.!lfb mo> tmg J= to C= G6obud!glsg aoelfb o, 8&L 3o! < fs fbvo!vga fb
&fd7 Qrlbs!ltfob
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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*gegeigr tmlt tmg JG to %G gobud`glsg fs $B+0 houba fb po`yegrlsg . #t fs
fbvo`vga fb rgeovfbj tmg prfegr usga fb ;B sybtmgsfs. Qmg JG to %G
gobud`glsg fs sfttfbj fb hrobt oh tmg gbzyeg lba eovfbj horwlra fh ft
gbdoubtgrs l strlba ft wf`` glt up ;B hroe tmg JG to %G. #b oragr to
ubagrstlba wmy bgga tmfs gbzyeg! you bgga to ubagrstlba mow ;B
4ybtmgsfs stlrts.
730 ;$ 0$A B; Q3#48
#b oragr to lpprgdfltg J=to C= g6obud!glsg you bgga to ubagrstlba mo>
8&L sybtmgsfs stlrts. +gts sly aoui`g-strlbaga dfrd`g fs . 1o`f jgboefd
;B! 3ow ao you stlrt sybtmgsfs mgrg8 0ou proili`y eg`t out l plrt lba
gposg (two sfbj`g-strlbaga tgep`ltgs) lba usg tmlt tgep`ltg to sybtmgsfzg.
;B po`yegrlsg bggas to mlvg .rfegr tge.!ltg kubdtfob! wmfdm eglbs
you bgga to mlvg propgr`y lbbgl`ga as*gjfob wftm l %GM3 jroup (ob iotm
strlbas lba tmgb po`yegrlsg dlb doeg fb lba gtgba fb iotm afrgdtfobs)
7mo fs sybtmgsfzfbj sel`` pfgdg oh *B8
#t bggas lb gbzyeg dl``ga .rfelsg5 wmfdm fs ldtul``y lb *B po`yegrlsgwmfdm wf`` usg tgep`ltg sg?ugbdg to sybtmgsfzg l sel`` pfgdg oh *B! lba
tmgb wf`` ig rgdojbfzg ls l prfegr-tgep`ltg ,ubdtfob iy ;B po`yegrlsg
lba gtgba ft to hore tmgsg ;B strlbas. Qmg sel`` *B prfegr fs liout -
% bt `obj.
e.ortlbt; ;B sybtmgsfs dlb ig prfega iy *B or ;B. #b blturg (fb
vfvo) you bgga to mlvg smort *B to prfeg to stlrt sybtmgsfs. 3owgvgr tmg
gbzyeg dlb ifba l sel`` pfgdg oh ;B lba dlb stlrt tmfs mow you ao your
S1* *gldtfob dlb mlppgb fb Blturg lba tmg gbzyeg hl``s ohh lba tmgb doegsild: ob lba mls to dobtfbug sybtmgsfzfbj.
4o obdg you mlvg *B fbdorporltga fbto jgboefd ;B mow ao you rgeovg
ft8 7my ao you bgga to rgeovg *B8 *B fs tgrrfi`g jgbgtfd eltgrfl`!
igdlusg fts bot stli`g! ft fs ubstli`g igdlusg ft mls tmlt 'G3yaroy` roup
wmfdm fs vgry d`osg to tmg pmospmltg lba dlb glsf`y lttld: ftsg`h lba d`glvg
ftsg`h.
*B dlb glsf`y agjrlag ftsg`h! lba mlppgbs eorg hrg?ugbt`y wmgb fb l`:l`fbgdobaftfobs (wf`` el:g tmg 'G3yaroy` jroup l igttgr bud`gopmf`g.) *B
Srfelsg fs l`so vgry grror probg! systge aogsbGt wlbt to usg *B ls l
storljg eltgrfl` igdlusg ft wf`` fbdorporltg `ots oh grror. Qmg gbzyeg wf``
rgeovg ft lba to rgeovg ft! ft wf`` usg JG to %G gobud`glsg lba wmgb So`
gbdoubtgrs JG gba oh tmg strlba ft wf`` glt ft up lba rgp`ldg ft wftm ;B lba
tmltGs mow ft rgp`ldgs *B strlba. Qmfs prodgss fs dl``ga &fd7 Qrlbs!ltfob)
L &D1 fs ilsfdl!!y l jl. igt>ggb obg strlba lba tmg otmgr lba tmlt
Qmfs aoduegbt fs tmg propgrty oh Bgray Botgs (www.bgray-botgs.doe). Sgrefssfob fs jrlbtga to vfgw tmfs aoduegbt
to lutmorfzga usgrs ob`y> usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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bfd7 fs jofbj to eovg W34LY8-
4`fag JGto %G gobud`glsg oh So` fs fbvo`vga fb bfd: Qrlbs`ltfob *B fs
ubstli`g (bot igst hor storfbj jgbgtfd fbhoreltfob) *B prfelsg fs l`so grror
probg. Qmgrghorg *B prfegr bggas to ig rgeovga. Qmg JGto %G gobud`glsg
ldtfvfty oh So` rgeovgs tmg *B(lba ;B) fb hrobt oh tmg po`yegrlsg.
Qmfs prodgss fs dl``ga &fd7 Qrlbs!ltfob! ft feportlbt hor rgeovfbj tmgYB3
prfegrs lba B3 rgplfr.
&fd7 Qrlbs!ltfob fb 3O@
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&fd7 Qrlbs!ltfob iy 3o! usgrs lrg bot l``owga to afstrfiutg or trlbseft tmfs dobtgbt wftmout gprgss! wrfttgb dobsgbt.
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G&M%$G 3Y$LG fs jofbj to sybtmgsfzg *B hrljegbts! wmfdm fs MJ
bud`gotfags! wmfdm dlb ig usga ls l prfegr hor ;B 4ybtmgsfs. Srfegrs
lrgbGt l`wlys M-J bud`gotfags `obj. Srfegr fs l dobdgpt! tg``s us wmgrg
;B po`yegrlsg rgdojbfzgs wmgrg ft fs doep`gegbtlry to tmg tgep`ltg! wf``
tmgb gtgba lt %Ggba to sybtmgsfzg ;B. ABQ#+ %GM3 jroup fs rgdojbfzg ls
l prfegr lba stlrts gtgbafbj.
&fd7 Qrlbs!ltfob #s l prodgss tmlt dlb ig dltl`yzga iy ;B So`yegrlsg
lba tmg wly ft wor:s. 7mgb ;B So` sybtmgsfzgs ;B up to l pofbt!
wmgb ft gbdoubtgrs soegtmfbj fb hrobt! ft dlb ig l pfgdg oh *B or pfgdg oh
;B! wmgb ft gbdoubtgrs tmlt tmg JG to %G gobud`glsg :fd:s fb lba wf`` stlrt
dmgwfbj up wmltGs fb hrobt! wmgb ft fs dmgwfbj up wmltGs fb hrobt ft wf`` opgb
up bgw tgep`ltg rgjfob hor ;B So`yegrlsg ldtfvfty sftgs to :ggp puttfbj
bgw aBQSs !fbdorporltg bud`gotfags lba ls l rgsu`t tmfs posftfob fs eovga
hurtmgr up