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Simpsons
LombardoBookI
Dotherightthing
BigPoppa
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The IliadDr.Le8ciaR.Rodriguez04.10.17
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• Epic– Alongnarra-vepoemdealingwithheroicdeedsando6enassociatedwithwar,vengeance,andadventure
– Wri:eninanelevatedstyleandconcernsaheroicorsemi-divinefigurewhoseac-onshaveana-onalorevencosmicimportance
• Myth– Oncebelievedtobetruebyaspecificpeopleorculture– A:emptstoexplainthethenatureoftheworld– Providesara-onaleforsocialcustomsandbeliefs– Establishesrulesbywhichpeoplecanlivetheirlives
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Aeneassacrificing,fromtheAraPacisAugustae,Rome,ca.13BCE-9BCE
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HeinrichSchliemann,andhismuchyoungerGreekwife,Sophia,wearing‘Priam’streasure’.
Excava8onsatTroyunderSchliemann.
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Dr.Rodriguez,mydouble,atTroy.No,wearenotrelated.
AsillyTrojanHorse.
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Homer,2nd-1stc.BCERomancopyofGreekoriginal.TheBri8shMuseum. dactylichexameter
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Dawn.Saffronlightoveralltheearth.
Iliad8,1-2Dawnle6hersplendidTithonusinbedAndrosetobringlighttoimmortalsandmen,
Iliad11,1-2DawnshroudedinsaffronRoseoutofthedeepwaterwithlightForimmortalsandhumansalike.
Iliad19,1-3
Lombardotransla8on,1997
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Aristeia=Excellence
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PallasAthenanowgavetoDiomedes,Tydeus’son,thestrengthandcourageThatwouldmakehimshineAmongtheGreeksandwinhimglory.Starlightflowedfromhishelmetandshield,AsifSiriushadjustrisenfromtheseaBeforedawninautumn,andthatbrightestofstarsWasblazingfromhistorsoandfaceInsteadoffromthesky.Book5,1-9Thiswastheirlaborinthecrushofba\le.AsforDiomedes,youcouldnottellWhichsidehebelongedto,GreekorTrojan……Manyastheywere,Theycouldnotwithstandthissinglehuman8de.Book5,95-97,106-7“SayaprayertoZeusandtakeashotatthisman—Whoeverheis—whoisbea8ngthedaylightsOutoftheTrojans,someofourbesttoo.Itcouldbehe’sagod,angrywiththeTrojansOversomesacrifice.Thatwouldbetough.”Book5,195-199
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Thehavoccon8nued,andwhenHerano8cedThattheGreekswerebeingcrushedinba\le,HerwordsflewfasttoPallasAthena:“Thisisadisaster,daughterofZeus.OurwordtoMenelausthathewouldgohomeWithTroydemolishedwillcometonothingIfweallowArestorageonlikethis.Come.It’s8mewerememberedhowtofight.”Athena,thegrey-eyedgoddess,agreed.AndHera,queenofheaven,daughterofCronus,Gotbusyharnessingthehorses,gold-frontleted,…Hebeboundthegoldenyoke,andonthatshehungThegoldenharness.Heraledthequick-hoovedhorsesBeneaththeyoke,herheartpoundingforwar.Athena,meanwhile,Zeus’favoritedaughter,Lethersupplerobeslipdowntoherfather’sfloor,Thisembroideredgarmentherownhandiwork.SheputononeofcloudyZeus’tunicsAndstrappedonherarmor.AroundhershouldersSheflungthetasseledaegis…Book5,764-790
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And,likeabronzeboltinthecenter,Achilles,Whonowbegantoarm.
HiseyesglowedLikewhite-hotsteel,andhegri\edhisteethAgainstthegriefthathadsunkintohisbones,Andeverymo8onhemadeinpufngonthearmorForgedforhiminheavenwasanactofpassionDirectedagainsttheTrojans:claspingonhisshinsThegreavestrimmedinsilverattheankles,Strappingthecorseletontohischest,slingingThesilver-studdedbronzeswordaroundashoulder,Andthenlihingthemassive,heavyshieldThatspilledlightarounditasifitwerethemoon.…SotootheterriblebeautyofAchilles’shield,Afireinthesky.
HelihedthehelmetAndplaceditonhishead,anditshonelikeastar,Book19,389-401,407-410
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TheJudgmentofParis,LucasCranachtheElder,ca.1528.Oilonwood.
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AchillesdippedintotheRiverStyxPeterPaulRubens,ca.1630-35,oiloncanvas.MuseumBoijmansvanBeuningen
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Laocoön,1stc.CERomancopyof2ndc.BCEPergameneoriginal.Va8canMuseums.
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AchillesandAjaxplayingadicegame(detailfromanAthenianblack-figureamphora),EXEKIAS,ca.540–530BCE.MuseiVa8cani,Rome.
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Achilles=Grief(akhos)+Fighters(laos)
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1.Agamemnon(KingofMycenae):takesChryseisashisprize.2.Chryse(anoldpriestofApollo):comestoransomChryseis,hisdaughter,andAgamemnonrefuses.HepraystoApollotopunishtheGreeks.3.Apollo:sendsaplague(probablydysentery)totheGreeksforninedays.LotsofGreeksdie.4.Achilles:onthetenthdaysuggeststhattheyaskaprophetwhyApolloisangry.5.Kalchas(aseer):saysthathewillrevealApollo’sreasons,butonlyifAchilleswillprotecthim.
Atthistheblamelessseertookcourageagainandspokeforth:“No,itisnotforthesakeofsomevoworhecatombheblamesus,butforthesakeofhispriestwhomAgamemnondishonoredandwouldnotgivehimbackhisdaughternoraccepttheransom.” BookI,92-95
6.Agamemnon:respondsbysaying“Seerofevil:neveryethaveyoutoldmeagoodthing.Alwaystheevilthingsaredeartoyourhearttoprophesy,butnothingexcellenthaveyousaidnoreveraccomplished.” BookI,106-8
“Findmesomeprizethatshallbemyown,lestIonly amongtheArgivesgowithout,sincethatwereunfifng;”
BookI,118-19
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“…butIshalltakethefair-cheekedBriseis,yourprize,Imyselfgoingtoyourshelter,thatyoumaylearnwellhowmuchgreatIamthanyou,andanothermanmayshrinkbackfromlikeninghimselftomeandcontendingagainstme.”
Agamemnon,BookI,184-87“Youwinesack,withadog’seyes,withadeer’sheart.”“”…Andthisshallbeagreatoathbeforeyou:somedaylongingforAchilleuswillcometothesonsoftheAchaeans,allofthem.Thenstrickenatheartthoughyoube,youwillbeabletodonothing,whenintheirnumbersbeforeman-slaughteringHektortheydropanddie.Andthenyouwilleatyourheartwithinyouinsorrow,thatyoudidnohonortothebestoftheAchaians.”
Achilles,BookI,225,239-44
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Timē=respect Kleos=reputa8onKleosaphthiton=unwitheringfameThenAchilles,intears…Heprayedoverandovertohisbelovedmother:“Mother,sinceyouboremeforashortlifeonly,OlympianZeuswassupposedtograntmehonor.Well,hehasn’tgivenmeanyatall.AgamemnonHastakenawaymyprizeanddishonoredme.”…AndThe8s,nowweepingherself:“Mypoorchild.Iboreyouforsorrow,Nursedyouforgrief…Nowyou’redes8nedforbothanearlydeathAndmiserybeyondcompare.
BookI,361-77
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AchillesbandagingPatroclus,(detailfromared-figurekylix)SosiasPainter,ca.500B.CStaatlicheMuseenzuBerlin--PreussischerKulturbesitz
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Hydria(waterjar)withAchillesdraggingthecorpseofHector,Afc(Athenian).ca.520-510BCE.MFABoston
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“ForninedaystherehasrisenaquarrelamongtheimmortalsoverthebodyofHektor,andAchilleus,stormerofci8es.Theykeepurgingclear-sightedArgeïphontestostealthebody,butIs9llputuponAchilleusthehonorthathehas,guardingyourreverenceandyourloveformeinto8meaherward.Gotheninallspeedtotheencampmentandgivetoyoursonthismessage:tellhimthatthegodsfrownuponhim,thatbeyondallotherimmortalsImyselfamangeredthatinhisheart’smadnessheholdsHektorbesidethecurvedshipsanddidnotgivehimback.PerhapsinfearofmehewillgivebackHektor.ThenIwillsendIristoPriamofthegreatheart,withanordertoransomhisdearson,goingdowntotheshipsoftheAchaiansandbringinggi>stoAchilleuswhichmightsohenhisanger.”
Zeus,BookXXIV,107-19
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Geometrickrater,fromtheDipyloncemetery,Athens,ca.740BCE.MetropolitanMuseumofArt,NewYork.
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HowisPriam’striptotheGreekcampdescribed?Thatis,whatkindof‘journey’isit?WhydoesAchillesreturnthebodyofHektor?HowdoesAchillesdifferfromAgamemnon?WhatisAchilles’‘journey’?WhatistheIliadabout?
PriamatthefeetofAchilles,JulesBas8en-Lepage,1876,MuséedesBeaux-ArtsdeLille