i
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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ix
REPORTS
Alemu, B.A., (2006). ―Microfinancing and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia‖, A Paper
prepared under the Internship Program of IDRC, ESARO, and Nairobi.
Asemelash, (2002), ―The Impact of Microfinance in Ethiopia: The case of DCSI In
Ganta Afeshum Woreda of Eastern Tigray”, M.A. Thesis”, Department of
RLDS, Addish Ababa University, Addish Ababa.
Carolyn Barnes and Erica Keogh, (1999), ―An Assessment of the Impact of Zambuko’s
Micro Enterprise Program in Zimbabwe: Baseline Findings‖-Working Paper,
March 1999.
Chandralekha Ghosh and Tanmoyee Banerjee (Chaterjee), (2010), ―Self Help Group
Participation and Employment of the Women: Myths and the Reality‖,
Proceedings of FIKUSZ ’10 Symposium for Young Researchers, pp. 55-78.
Obuda University, Keleti Faculty of Business and Management, Hungary.
Churchill Craig, F., (1995), ―The Impact of Credit on Informal Sector Enterprises in
South Africa: A Study of Get Ahead Foundation’s Stokvel Lending
Programme‖, M.A. Thesis, Worchester, Clark University.
Creevey, Ndour and Thiam, (1995), ―Evaluation of the Impacts of PRIDE/VITA:
The Guinea Rural Enterprise Development Project‖, September 1995,GEMINI
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Falaiye Caroline, (2002), ―Assessing the household Impact of micro financial on Rural
Nigerians women‖, An unpublished PhD Dissertation, The University of Guelph,
Canada.
Hema Vyas, (2003), ―SEWA Bank’s savings and Credit Groups and their influence on
Women’s Financial Decision making within the House hold‖, Unpublished PhD
dissertations, The University of Guelph, Canada.
Jahangir Alam Chowdhury,M., (2009), ―Microcredit, Micro-enterprises, and Self-
employment of Women: Experience from the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh‖,
Paper presented at the FAO-IFAD-ILO Workshop on Gaps, trends and current
research in gender dimensions of agricultural and rural employment:
Differentiated Pathways out of Poverty, Rome.
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Khandker, S., (2001) ―Does Micro-finance really Benefit the Poor? Evidence from
Bangladesh‖, Paper delivered at Asia and Pacific Forum on Poverty: Reforming
Policies and Institutions for Poverty Reduction held by the Asian Development
Bank (ADB), Manila.
MacIsaac, N., (1997), ―The Role of Micro-credit in Poverty Reduction and Promoting
Gender Equity‖ - A Discussion Paper, For Strategic Policy and Planning
Division, Asia Branch, CIDA, June 12, 1997.
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INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
A. PERSONAL DATA
1. Name :
2. Village :
3. Age : Below 20 years 21 - 30 years
31 - 40 years 41 - 50 years
51 - 60 years above 60 years
4. Educational Qualification : Primary Education
Middle School
High School
Diploma
Higher Secondary
Graduation
Illiterate / No formal education
Others, please specify __________
5. Marital status : Unmarried Married
Divorced Separated
Widowed
6. Type of family : Joint family Nuclear family
7. Number of members Upto 2 3
in the family : 4 5
More than 5 members
8. Monthly family income : Below 5,000
( in Rs) 5,000 - 10,000
10,000 - 15,000
15,000 - 20,000
Above 20,000
9. Prime Earning Member Self
of the family : Spouse
Children
Others, Please specify _________
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B. BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF SELF HELP GROUP
10. Name of the group ________________________
11. Name of the NGO with which the Group is associated_________________
12. Panchayat Union : ________________________
13. Number of years as member
in Self Help Group : _______________________
14. Total number of members in the SHG: _______
15. Position of the Respondent
in the group : Member Representative Animator
16. Members’ subscription per month : Rs.______________
17. Please rank the reasons for joining the Self Help Group
( Please rank as 1,2,3,…….8 )
Reasons for joining Rank
To repay old debts
To meet domestic expenditure
To promote savings
To raise status in society
To support family
To avail loan
To get an employment
Due to neighbour’s/relatives pressure
C. INVESTMENT PATTERN ( ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACTIVITIES )
18. Are you involved in any Income Generating Activity (IGA)? Yes/No
19. If yes, for how many years you are doing this business? ____________
20. Nature of Business : Soletrader Partnerhip
21. Type of activity : Trading Manufacturing
Service Agriculture
22. Please mention your business activity _________________________
23. Do you have any previous experience? Yes / No
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24. Have you undergone any training? Yes / No
If yes, who gave you the training?
a. NGO b. Government c. Educational Institutions
25. Reason for carrying out this business? (Please Rank)
1. Experience □
2. Training □
3. Bank loan □
4. NGO’s support / motivation □
5. Government incentives □
6. Family business □
7. Easy availability of all required materials □
8. Selling is convenient □
9. Required facilities are available □
26. Amount invested in business: Own Savings Rs.________
Borrowings from Group Rs. ______
External Borrowings from Rs. ______
27. What is the total monthly income
from your business? : Upto Rs. 2,000 Rs. 2,000 – 3,000
Rs. 3,000 – 4,000 Rs. 4,000 – 5,000
Above Rs. 5,000
28. Profit percentage from your investment : ______________
29. What do you do with the income from the business?
% _____________ reinvested
% ______________ repayment of loan
% ______________ for domestic expenses
% ______________ savings
30. Information regarding assets creation :
S. No Assets
1 Land and building
2 Machinery
3 Furniture and household equipment
4 Livestock
5 Ornaments (like gold)
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D. LOAN PATTERN
31. Have you availed any loan from the group? Yes No
32. What is the purpose for availing loan?
a. Doing business b. Family requirements c. Other reasons
33. Details of loan availed
S. No Particulars Details
1 Loan amount received (Rs.)
2 Rate of Interest (%)
3 Loan amount repaid so far (Rs)
4 Total installments (No.)
5 Instalments to be paid (No.)
6 Defaults (No of installments)
7 Fine (Rs.)
34. Have you made any default in repayment? : Yes No
35. If yes, please specify the reasons : No sufficient income
Loss in business
Due to medical/emergency expenses
Children education
Spent for family
Others, please specify __________
E. SAVINGS PATTERN (out of money saved from business)
36. How much you save per month (approximately): Rs.______________
37. How much you have saved so far (approximately): Rs._____________
38. What is/are the main purpose of saving?
Reasons Rank
To meet domestic expenses
For children education
To meet medical expenses
To purchase assets
To repay the debts
39. How do you pay your savings and subscription amount?
Mode of payment Rank
Savings from family income
Curtailing the expenditure
Saving from own business income
Provided by family members
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F. IMPACT OF MICRO-CREDIT ON SHG MEMBERS
40. Impact of members after joining Self Help Group
Please record your views for the following statements by putting a tick ( √ ) mark in the
appropriate column.
( SA – Strongly Agree, A- Agree, N-Neutral, DA- Disagree, SDA- Strongly Disagree)
Factors of Impact Before joining SHG After joining SHG
SA A N DA SDA SA A N DA SDA
SELF-DEVELOPMENT
1) Addition to your education and
managerial skills
2) Increase in self-confidence and self-
respect
3) Enhanced role in decision-making
4) Ability to express opinions freely
5) Increase in bargaining power
6) Access to health care and
environmental awareness
FAMILY LEVEL
1) Increase in adoption of Household
infrastructure and household purchases
2) Awareness on education of children
3) Awareness on fertility issues, family
planning methods
4) Role in household decision-making
5) Better recognition from family
6) Increase in Standard of living
ECONOMIC IMPACT
1) Increase in Income
2) Increase in Savings
3)Ability to make decision regarding
amount of loan
4) Better control of use of credit
5) Effective use of income generated
6) Better access to Government
Schemes
SOCIO-POLITICAL IMPACT
1)Ability to participate in meetings of
local bodies (panchayats, gramsabhas)
2) Action on social issues ( dowry,
alcoholism,infanticide,domestic violence)
3) Role in community development
activities
4) Participation in religious celebrations
5) Awareness on environment
6) Respect/Recognition in the society
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G. Constraints in micro finance 41. Constraints faced by you as a member of SHG?
Constraints Very
High
High Average/
Medium
Low Very
Low
PERSONAL CONSTRAINTS
Lack of formal education
Lack of time
Lack of interest and encouragement
Criticism by family members
Lack of freedom to take decision
More attention to family / children
Lack of leadership skills
Due to health problems
SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS
Criticism by non-members of SHG
Criticism by bank employees
Outsiders intervention / interference
Social disturbances (Strikes, riots etc)
Harassment from men
BUSINESS RELATED CONSTRAINTS
Delay in getting loans
Lack of funds
Non availability of raw materials/Increase in
raw material price
Difficulty in marketing of products
Non co-operation among group members
Competition
ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS
Lesser Income
Inadequate loan amount
Customers reluctance to buy the product
Lack of financial knowledge
Product has no market
Cumbersome procedures in getting loans
TECHNICAL CONSTRAINTS
Lack of skills to handle the implements
Non availability of spare parts / components
Power-cuts
Lack of training
Unaware of technology
42. Any other suggestions, please specify_____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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A. GENERAL INFORMATION (
1. :
2. :
3. : 20 21 - 30
31 - 40 41 - 50
51 - 60 60
4. :
5. :
6. :
7.
: 2 3
4 5
5
8.
: 4,000
4,000 - 6000
6,000 - 8,000
8,000 - 10,000
10,000
9.
:
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B.
10. : ________________________
11.
________________________
12. : ________________________
13.
: _______________________
14. : _______
15. :
16. ______________
17.
( 1,2,3,…….8
C.
18.
19. : _____________
20. :
21. :
22. _________________________
23. :
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24.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
25.
26. : ____________
____________
___________
27. : 2,000 2,000– 3,000
3,000 – 4,000 4,000 – 5,000
5,000
28.
: ______________
29.
% _____________
% ______________
% ______________
%______________
30.
1
2
3
4
5
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D. 31. : ______________
32. : ______________
33.
34.
E.
35.
36. :
37.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
38
39. :
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