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Cell MembraneDescription:Has 2 layers of MOLECULES and is known as a phospholipid bilayer. Proteins are stuck inside the membrane. Each phospholipid has a HYDROPHOBIC (water fearing) and HYDROPHILIC (water loving) end.
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CELL MEMBRANE
Functions:holds the cell together, keeps all of the pieces (the organelles) inside the cell
controls what goes in and out of the cell
Found in animal and plant cells
CYTOSKELETON Functions include:
movement of material through the cell
maintaining the shape of the cell keeping the cell from getting
smashed Found in animal cells only
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NucleusDescription: large, round organelle in the center of the cell. Chromosomes are found inside.Functions:“brain” of the cell, controls all of the cellular activitiesDNA inside-carries genetic info. for maintenance, function, and replicationFound in animal and plant cells
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CHROMOSOMES-
carry the information that determines what traits a living thing will have
are found inside the nucleus
Nucleus
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•Function: they help to form the fibers that move chromosomes around when the cell is dividing
•generally appear in animal cells
Centrioles:
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NUCLEOLUSDescription:
dark area in the nucleus
Function: Contains RNA for protein manufacturingFound in plant and animal cells
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Description: Tubular with ribosomes on it (looks spotted)
Function: to make membranes and proteins
Found in animal and plant cells
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Smooth ER
Function-collect, maintain & transport things. Creates steroids (lipids), and stores ions for the cell to keep nutrients balanced Description: Shaped slightly tubular
Found in animal and plant cells
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•Description: small dot-like structures in cells. Made up of proteins and RNA. Two types: floating and attached.
•Function: site of protein synthesis in cells (makes proteins). Made in the nucleus. Floating make proteins for the cytoplasm, attached make proteins used in rough ER.
Found in animal and plant cells
Ribosomes
GOLGI APPARATUS
1) Functions: It takes simple molecules and combines them to make larger molecules.
It modifies, sorts and packages molecules
•Description: It’s made up of a stack of flattened out sacs
Found in animal and plant cells
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Mitochondria
Description: OUTER MEMBRANE: covers mitochondria
INNER MEMBRANE: folds many times to increase the surface area-more space it has, the more energy it creates.
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Mitochondria
Functions: The Power-House of the cell (makes ATP). They break down food molecules so the cell has the energy
Found in both animal and plant cells
LYSOSOMES (primarily animal)
Smaller molecules are released; get absorbed by the mitochondria
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Functions: The enzymes in the lysosome bond to food & digest it. It breaks down organelles that don’t work or are damaged, and can destroy the cell if it breaks open.
VACUOLE: STORAGE IN PLANT CELLS
Functions: Vacuoles in plants support structure, stores waste, water and food. Storing waste products protects the cell from contamination
When there is no water, the vacuole shrinks. Found in animal and plant cells-more important to plant than animal cells
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Description: disk-like structures, and are composed of a single membrane
Found only in plant cells
Chloroplast
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Chloroplast•Function: photosynthesis takes place inside
the chloroplast:the process in it captures sunlight, water, carbon dioxide to make sugar (food)
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**The vesicle can move to the Golgi apparatus or the cell membrane
1) If the vesicle floats to the cell membrane, the proteins are going to be sent out of the cell……or (exocytosis)
2) If they move to the Golgi Apparatus, the proteins will be used inside the cell
MOVEMENT of VESICLES
Flagella
Has a tail-like structure Aids in locomotion and feeding Found in some animal cells, prokaryotes
and plant cells
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Cilia
Used to sweep substances across surfaces
Hair-like projections Found in some animal cells, protist cells,
and prokaryotes
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