Download - Bell Ringer #1
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Bell Ringer #1 Answer this question in 2 paragraphs,
at least 5 sentences each. Why do you think teenagers choose
to start smoking, even though they know it’s illegal? Also, why would they start with knowing all of the negative health consequences?
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Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumThe largest single preventable cause of illness and premature death in the United States
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Classification of Smokers Stimulation Handling - oral gratification Pleasurable relaxation Crutch - tension reduction Craving - addiction Habit
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Stimulation A person who gets a lift from smoking The perking up effect is due to
nicotine
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Handling Oral gratification Handle or manipulate Fulfills certain emotional needs
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Pleasurable Relaxation One smokes for positive feelings:
Contentment Achievement Victory Satisfaction
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Crutch One uses cigarettes to manage
negative effects ( used as a tranquilizer): Tension reduction Stressful situations Anger Anxiety
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Craving Psychological and physical addiction Quitting smoking is difficult The smoker craves a cigarette first to
increase positive feelings and second to decrease negative feelings of withdrawal
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Habit A behavioral pattern has been
established Smoking loses its former functions
Relaxation, emotional needs Smoker gets little satisfaction
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Consequences of Smoking
Statistics and Diseases
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Research Finding Male smokers have approximately twice
the cancer death rate as nonsmokers
Female smokers have approximately 40% the cancer death rate as nonsmokers
Deaths associated with cigarette smoking have ranged up to nearly 500,000 per year. Coronary heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease
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Research Finding Life expectancy is shortened by 8 to 9
years
Death rates increase with the amount of cigarettes smoked and are proportional to the duration of smoking
More chronic health conditions occur, such has: Bronchitis, emphysema, sinusitis, peptic
ulcer, arteriosclerosis heart disease
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Research Finding Acute health conditions increase:
Influenza, asthma, sinusitis, bronchitis Males 14% higher for acute conditions Females 21% higher for acute conditions
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Research Finding In the United States an estimated 25
million men (25.7%) and 22.6 million women ( 21.5%) are smokers
More than 6,000 people under the age of 18 try a cigarette each day
Each day more than 3,000 persons under the age of 18 become daily smokers
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Research FindingPregnancy and Infants The more a women smokes during
pregnancy, the greater the reduction in infant birth weight
Risks: Spontaneous miscarriage Fetal death Placental disorders Bleeding Pre - term delivery
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Research FindingPregnancy and Infants
Infant Risks: Long term growth Intellectual development Behavioral characteristics SIDs (sudden infant death syndrome)
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Involuntary/Passive Smoke(Second Hand Smoke)
Irritation of the eyes, nose and throat Experience stress, coughing,
wheezing, allergic reaction, asthma Increases risk of lung cancer among
nonsmokers by 34% 20% of lung cancer deaths among
nonsmokers are attributed to passive smoke
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A Gateway Drug Smoking is one of the primary sources
of drug interaction in the human body
Tolerance: reduced sensitivity resulting in the need for increased dosage to achieve the desired drug effect
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Constituents of Tobacco
There are over 4,000 other harmful chemicals that can be found in tobacco smoke!!
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Chemical Constituents Nicotine ( causes addiction ) Carbon Monoxide ( exhaust from
cars ) Formaldehyde ( preserves dead
bodies ) Ammonia ( cleaner ) Carbon Dioxide ( global warming ) Tar (contains several carcinogens)
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Metal Constituents Aluminum Copper Lead Mercury Zinc
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Nicotine Addiction
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What Causes Nicotine Addiction?
Nicotine is an addictive drug It causes chemical changes in the brain Causes unpleasant withdrawal
symptoms similar to heroin or cocaine. Good feelings that result when nicotine
is present and bad feelings when it is absent
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What else does Nicotine do to the Body ?
The body responds immediately the chemical nicotine
Causes short term increase in; Blood pressure Heart rate Flow of blood from the heart Arteries narrow
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What else does Nicotine do to the Body ?
Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry
Creates an imbalance between the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood can supply
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How does Carbon Monoxide increase the risk of heart attacks? Hardening of the arteries:
Carbon monoxide may damage the inner walls of the arteries
Encourages the buildup of fat in the arteries
Vessels narrow and harden
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How does Nicotine increase the risk of heart attacks?
Causes several changes in the blood that form blood clots Heart attacks and Strokes are more likely
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Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal Nicotine is rapidly eliminated by the
kidneys. It remains in the body for about two hours
Symptoms: Irritability Impatience Hostility Anxiety Depression Difficulty concentrating
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Smokeless Tobacco
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Three Forms Plug
Shredded tobacco leaves which are pressed into a hard block and placed between the cheek and gum (a wad).
Chew Shredded tobacco leaves placed between the
cheek and gum (a wad).
Snuff Ground-up moist tobacco placed between the
bottom lip and gum (dipping).
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Ingredients Nicotine Carcinogens (nitro amines) Sweeteners (sugars and flavorings) Abrasives Salt Other chemicals (hundreds of other
chemicals)
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Risks Mouth Cancer (50% higher) Throat / Stomach Cancer (larynx /
esophagus) Heart Disease Dental diseases Peptic Ulcers Loss of taste and smell Decrease in physical well being
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Nicotine Addiction Nicotine is just as addictive as
cocaine or heroin Each tin of snuff contains a lethal
dose of nicotine Holding a chew or dip in your mouth
for 30 minutes equals four cigarettes
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Quitting Tips Make a list of all the reason you want
to quit Pick a date to quit and make it public Make it difficult to use tobacco Get more exercise Avoid situation and people that use Get nicotine out of the body Reward yourself frequently
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How to Say No Just say “NO” Leave the area Make an excuse Suggest a better idea Explain the dangers of chewing