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Beam dynamics in RF linacsStep 2 : Beam transportNicolas PICHOFFFranceCEA-DSM/IRFU/SACM/LEDAN1OutlinesBeam representationDistributionSigma matrixEmittanceMatchingMechanism of emittance growthNBeam definitionA beam could be defined as a set of particles whose maximum average momentum in one direction (z) is higher than its dispersion :

Beam representationzpxyNParticle representationEach particle is represented by a 6D vector :

Beam representation

oror NBeam phase-space representationIt is represented by a particle distribution in the 6D phase-space (P). Beam representationIt can be plotted in 2D sub-phase-spaces :

NBeam modelisationBeam representationBeam : Set of billions (N) of particles evolving as a function of an independent variable sMacroparticle model: set of n macroparticles (n