Download - BDA 24202 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
BDA 24202COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Ts. Dr. Norfazillah Talib
JKP, FKMP
C language
- Structure programming language
- Programmer able to focus on problem rather than machine that program will be execute
- Able to run at various hardware platform
Structure C programming
Preprocessor directive (processing directive)
Global declaration
Local declaration
Main function
Greeting program
• Task: Display “Hello world!”
Comments
• Character that are not executed as part of the program.
• Use for mark or debug the code
• Syntax:
/* …. Comments…..
Comment………….*/ block comments
//…. Comment line comments (for 1 line only)
Preprocessor directive
• Not the part of the compiler but it is directive to preprocessor
Variables
Variables are named memory locations that have a type,such as integer or character, which is inherited from theirtype. The type determines the values that a variable maycontain and the operations that may be used with itsvalues.
Variable Declaration
Variable Initialization
Topics discussed in this section:
• int new;
• float maxItems; //word separator: capital
• double max_items; // word separator: underscor
• int new, old, great; //combination of same type variable
• Int loadA=30, loadB=15; //initialize the variable
Examples of Variable Declarations and Definitions
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When a variable is defined, it is not initialized.
We must initialize any variable requiring
prescribed data when the function starts.
Note
Identifiers
One feature present in all computer languages is theidentifier. Identifiers allow us to name data and otherobjects in the program. Each identified object in thecomputer is stored at a unique address.
Rules for Identifiers1. First character must be alphabetic character or underscore
2. Must consist only of alphabetic characters, digits or underscores
3. Commas or blank spaces are not allowed within an identifier.
4. First 63 characters of an identifier are significant
5. Cannot duplicate a keyword (reserved word).
6. Identifiers are also case sensitive in C (e.g name and Name are two different identifiers in C).
7. No special characters, such as semicolon, period, whitespaces, slash or comma are permitted to be used in or as Identifier
Reserved word
ExerciseDetermine whether the following identifiers is valid or invalid. Give reason for invalid cases.1) int Parit Raja 2) int 20thCentury 3) int char4) long float INTEGER5) int _BMW2003 6) int Reservedword7) float BDA24202 8) long int markah_pelajar 9) char jam*kredit 10) double printf
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Constant/ Escape Character
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Table 2-10 Format Codes for Output
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Streams
Formatting Input/Output
Topics discussed in this section:
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FIGURE 2-15 Stream Physical Devices
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FIGURE 2-18 Conversion Specification
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Table 2-11 Flag Formatting Options
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FIGURE 2-17 Output Stream Formatting Example
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FIGURE 2-20 Input Stream Formatting Example
scanf
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scanf requires variable addresses in the address list.
Note
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PROGRAM Write A Program That Prints “Nothing!”
#include<conio.h>
getchar();
\a\a\a
Output
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PROGRAM Print Sum of Three Numbers
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PROGRAM Print Sum of Three Numbers (continued)
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PROGRAM Print Sum of Three Numbers (continued)
Write a program to add two numbers
EXERCISE
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Constants
Constants are data values that cannot be changed duringthe execution of a program. Like variables, constantshave a type. In this section, we discuss Boolean,character, integer, real, complex, and string constants.
Constant Representation
Coding Constants
Topics discussed in this section:
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Memory ConstantsPROGRAM
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PROGRAM Memory Constants (continued)
ASCII Table
(American Standard
Code for Information
Interchange)
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PROGRAM Print Value of Selected Characters
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PROGRAM Print Value of Selected Characters (continued)
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PROGRAM Print Value of Selected Characters (continued)
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PROGRAM Print Value of Selected Characters (continued)
OUTPUT#include <stdio.h>int main(){char A =‘A’;char a =‘a’;char zed =‘z’;char eight =‘8’;char dblQuote =‘”’;printf (“ASCII for char ‘A’ is: %d\n”, A);printf (“ASCII for char ‘a’ is: %d\n”, a);printf (“ASCII for char ‘z’ is: %d\n”, zed);printf (“ASCII for char ‘8’ is: %d\n”, eight);printf (“ASCII for char ‘\”’ is: %d\n”, dblQuote);return 0;}
EXAMPLE
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OUTPUT
Write a program that can calculate the circumference and area
of circle once radius of the circle is filled.
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PROGRAM Calculate a Circle’s Area and Circumference
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PROGRAM Calculate a Circle’s Area and Circumference
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PROGRAM A Sample Inventory Report
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PROGRAM A Sample Inventory Report (continued)
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FIGURE 2-22 Output Specifications for Inventory Report
Price: RM _______
Quantity: ______
Total price: RM_________
Thanks for shopping here!
Output
Develop a program that can calculate the total price of goods
once the price and quantity of goods are filled.