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ARAK / LESSON 6
discussed and to make sure that they attend. Make an agenda
or list of topics for discussion and send these to the members.
See to it that members prepare for meetings. Let them know
what reports, investigations, or readings have to be done as a
preparation. Before the meeting the group can have a prelimi-
nary discussion of the agenda. Part of the preparations for the
meeting is to make arrangements for the place, security, food,
and other things needed.
In running a meeting, make sure that important points are
immediately taken up. Avoid wandering into other extraneous
matters too much or sidestepping into unnecessary discus-
sions. In taking up important points immediately we make
sure that the meeting is finished at once and the discussions
are fruitful. Try to see that there is a balanced participation
in the discussions by the members and avoid letting a few
monopolize the discussion. From time to time summarize the
discussion so that all can see what has been reached.
AREVOLUTIONARYACTIVIST
KOURSE
QUALITIES OF A REVOLUTIONARY
REVOLUTIONARY STUDY
THE CORRECT METHOD OF ANALYSIS
THE MASS LINE
DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM
THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM
Six Lessons
ARAK
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QUALITIEA REVOLU
Lesson One
THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM / 38
4.
HOW CAN WE
CONTINUE IMPROV-
ING THE COLLECTIVE
OPERATIONS OF THE
COMMITTEE?
5.
WHAT SHOULD WE
PAY ATTENTION TO SO
THAT WE CAN
IMPROVE OUR
MEETINGS?
among members. This common understanding and percep-
tion of different topics and events can be developed thru joint
discussions and studies and on-going exchanges of informa-
tion. This will hasten mutual understanding and unity among
members.
We should cultivate openness towards one another. Problems
and other things that the comrades should attend to should be
placed on the table, not kept secret. When it concerns impor-
tant matters, we should not wait for meetings before bringing
up opinions, problems, or recommendations. It is destructive
of unity when a comrade is silent during meetings or in the
presence of those concerned and then afterwards backbites or
throws criticisms outside of the meeting.
We must learn to build unity with members of our collective,
learn to work together with them even though we may not feel
personally at ease with some of our companions. Building a
clique or a small group of friends within the collective weakens
and erodes the unity of the group. We should be concerned for
and support on another. We should be on the watch for what-
ever destroys the unity and collective work of the committee.
Meetings are an important part of the work of a committee. The
group works ideas collectively here and decides what things
are needed to advance the objectives of the organization. In
the meetings the committee collectively investigates the situ-
ation in order to come out with a decision, plan and program
of action. In the meetings collective leadership is given living
expression and the unity of the committee is built. It is the task
of the committee to set and follow a system of meetings.
The unit should have a regularly schedule of meetings. Too
frequent or too many meetings should be avoided. The higher
organ and the committee itself decides on the frequency of
assessments of work, the preparation or reports, the planning
and programming of work and other things that need to be dis-
cussed in a meeting. We should also avoid meetings that are
too long. This happens when meetings are few, when prepara-
tions are not done well or the meeting is not managed well.
Make sure that notices of meetings reach the members. This
is necessary so that members can prepare for things to be
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ARAK / LESSON 6
cannot do his/her tasks. This is to make sure that the work
of the committee is not crippled or dislocated if the secretary
is gone.
If the organization is still new and small, one deputy secretary
is enough. When the organization expands, the committee will
get bigger and its tasks will be heavier. At this stage we usually
assign a member to take charge of every important aspect of
work. Depending on the needs, we assign an officer for organi-
zation, education, finance, etc.
THE SECRETARIAT
Thru the secretariat, the secretary is able to do the work col-
lectively of day to day administration of the organization.
Usually it is composed of the secretary, the deputy secretary,
the secretary for organization or propaganda-education. The
secretariat is not a separate leadership and above the commit-
tee. It is guided by the policies and program of the committee.
The secretariat calls and prepares for the committee meetings.
It may give recommendations to be discussed and decided
upon by the whole unit.
FINANCE OFFICER
He/She oversees the finance work of the unit. He/She sees
to it that the finance plans of the unit are implemented. The
finance officer collects membership dues, pledges and other
material support. He/She gives finance reports and develops
members for finance work.
SECURITY OFFICER
He/She looks after the security of the organization. It is his/
her responsibility to make sure that security policies of the
unit are implemented.
To strengthen the collective operations of the committee it is
important to develop unity, mutual concern and the spirit of
helping one another among the members. In this way each
one will feel at ease with one another and it will be easy to
follow the principle of collective leadership in their work.
We should give importance to building a common language
OFIONARY
1. Why is it important to remoldourselves as revolutionaries?
2. How does a revolutionary view his/her work and responsibilities for therevolution?
3. What is the correct attitude towardshardships, sacrifices and death?
4. What is the correct attitude towardsthe masses?
5. How should we treat our comradesin the struggle?
6. What is the correct attitude towardscriticism and self-criticism?
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THE COMSYSTEM
Lesson Six
QUALITIES OF A REVOLUTIONARY / 6
misunderstandings because we value our unity. In dealing
with our comrades, the important thing is to understand their
situation, recognize their efforts, and help them to improve in
the struggle.
We should be thoughtful and caring for one another and
imbued with a sense of responsibility for the well being of
each comrade. It is our duty to help one another not only
with problems related to our work, but also with the personal
problems. The joys and hardships of our comrades are also
our own. We should help one another remold ourselves in
the struggle.
In the course of the struggle it is natural that we sometimes
commit mistakes or fall into wrong tendencies. These are
commonly caused by our lack of experience or the product of
wrong ideas and bad habits carried over into the movement.
But we are always ready to overcome these mistakes because
we are committed to the highest interests of the people.
As revolutionaries we are always ready to criticize our own
mistakes and weaknesses, and we welcome criticisms from
others, because we desire only what is good for the people. If
the criticisms are valid, we will not deny them or hesitate to
correct them because it is not our personal interest but the
interest of the people that are at stake. We are not afraid of
criticism because truth is on our side, and the masses are on
our side.
Criticism and self-criticism is a powerful weapon for cor-
recting our mistakes and overcoming our weaknesses. It is
essential for ensuring unity within our ranks, maintaining
a healthy and democratic style in our organizations, andincreasing our fighting capacity. Thru criticism and self-
criticism, we learn from our past mistakes and are able to
avoid them in the future.
We should undertake criticism and self-criticism on a
regular basis. In this way we are able to constantly examine
our actions, improve our work, strengthen our unity and
maintain our close ties to the masses. Without the constant
practice of criticism and self-criticism, all kinds of political
dust and germs can gather in our organization, and we will
become like a field full of weeds and pests, while the crops are
thin and bare of fruits.
6.
WHAT IS THE
CORRECT
ATTITUDE
TOWARDS
CRITICISM AND
SELF-CRITICISM?
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REVOLUTISTUDY
Lesson Two
DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM / 32
The membership of a revolutionary organization are com-
posed of responsible individuals actively committed to the
goals of the organization. It differs from the bourgeois or feu-
dal organizations where unity is loose and the tendency is to
simply follow orders or be completely reliant on the initiatives
of the leadership. The members of a revolutionary organiza-
tion do not work for their own interests only, but for the bigger
goals of the organization. Each individual strives to build a
strong and stable organization to fight against the ruling class.
It is the duty of each member and part of the organization to
follow all decision; carry out the tasks, plans and programs
efficiently; safeguard the interests and security of the organi-
zation. It should immediately bring to the attention of the
leading units all questions or problems as well as the results in
carrying out its tasks.
It is the duty of each member and lower unit of the organiza-
tion to submit reports regularly and promptly, together with
their suggestions, observations and criticisms on matters vital
to that interest of the organization. It is the responsibility of
each one to be truthful and make sure that the information
submitted is accurate. This is vital in formulating correct deci-
sions and plans.
It is the right of each member to participate in meetings to help
foment agreement and formulate decisions. This is done by
sharing his/her experiences and knowledge of the conditions,
and expressing his/her opinions, observations, suggestions
and criticisms. It is also the right of the lower units to raise
suggestions or criticisms to the leading units and to make deci-
sions on matters within the scope of its responsibilities.
It is the right of each member to be informed of the situationand happenings in other parts of the unit. Likewise, the lower
units have a right to inquire from the leading units on the situ-
ation of the work in the latters area.
It is the duty of each member to attend and actively participate
in meetings. It is his/her responsibility to promote agreement
during meetings and contribute in the making of decisions.
In meetings all member should participate in sharing their
experiences and knowledge and expressing their opinions,
observations, suggestions and criticisms.
5.
WHAT ARE THE
DUTIES OF THE
MEMBERSHIP AND
THE LOWER UNITS?
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ARAK / LESSON 2
changing conditions and development of our own work. By
doing analysis we are able to formulate a correct and effective
way of solving problems, develop our capability to improve our
work and successfully accomplish our tasks.
Be analytical. Whatever the issue is, be interested not only
in what, but more importantly the why and how, in order to
understand the essence of the phenomenon. We should guard
against a subjective, superficial, or one sided way of looking at
things. By doing analysis, we avoid being deceived by external
appearances and thereby place ourselves in an active position
to effectively carry out our tasks.
Assessment is a form of investigation, and an important
part of revolutionary study. We usually conduct two kinds of
assessment: assessment of our work and assessment of the
situation. We assess our work to measure the status or level
reached in the implementation of our plans and program.
Assessment of the situation considers the character and level
of struggle between the classes of society.
One example of assessment of our work is the commonly
conducted monthly assessment, in conjunction with the
preparation of reports. We also conduct assessments after
every mass action. In it we identify the successes and failures
of a particular action, and what has or has not been achieved
in the plan. Assessment also clarifies the mistakes to be cor-
rected, problems to be resolved, and tasks to be done.
An example of an assessment of the situation is the study
of the balance of forces in an area: the level of strength of
revolutionary forces versus that of the enemys, our capability
to advance and the enemys ability to retaliate. It clarifies theneeds and tasks that need to be done to advance the revolution.
It further clarifies the strength, disposition and movement of
the enemy, and how we can crush it piece by piece.
We must conduct frequent assessments. This enables us to
maintain a firm grasp of the situation, be alert to the needs
and opportunities of the moment, and be quick in setting up
the tasks to be done. Frequent assessment gives us correct,
timely and specific guidance on how to plan our tasks and
implement them.
5.
WHAT IS
ASSESSMENT?
ICM
1. What is organization?
2. What is democratic centralism?
3. What are the Four Rules ofDiscipline of the Organization?
4. What are the responsibilities of theleading unit?
5. What are the duties of the member-ship and thelower units?
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DEMOCRACENTRALI
Lesson Five
REVOLUTIONARY STUDY / 12
Summing up is the analysis of our positive and negative expe-
riences in order to draw useful lessons and guides to action.
The conclusions derived from summing up are general les-
sons that will serve to guide our work in the long term.
There are many kinds of summing up, depending on our
purpose and the nature and scope of the experience being
summed-up. Usually we sum up our experiences in work-
ing with the masses, the way we exercise leadership, and the
manner we have ran the mass organizations. Here we draw
lessons on the correct and effective ways of launching and
managing the mass movement. We may also sum up experi-
ences of the mass work in a locality to draw lessons on correct
and effective methods of work.
After laying down the data and the results of our work, within
a given time frame and area of work being summed up, we
focus our attention on:
A / the progress of our work, the causes and conditions that
contribute to its present status, and the lessons to be drawn
from them.
B / Our specific strengths and weaknesses, our mistakes and
our effective moves; the conditions and attitudes that brought
them about, and the lessons to be drawn from them.
C / The requisites for effective execution of tasks or for suc-
cessful measures, and the lessons to be drawn from them.
Summing up is an important aspect of study which enables
us to learn directly from our experience. We actively use ourexperience, be it positive or negative, in order to sharpen our
knowledge and improve our abilities in accomplishing the
tasks at hand. In summing up we gain a deeper grasp of the
principles of the revolution based on our very own experience.
6.
WHAT IS
SUMMING UP?
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THE CORRMETHOD O
ANALYSIS
Lesson Three
THE MASS LINE / 26
The revolutionary class line is the principle that shows us the
correct way to relate with the various social classes in accord-
ance with the mass line and the principles of the peoples
democratic revolution. It clarifies who are the real friends
and real enemies of the revolution. It also clarifies the correct
class basis for leading the revolution: to depend principally on
the most reliable classes, to win over the middle forces and to
isolate the most rabid of our enemies.
Overall, the revolutionary class line teaches us to give empha-
sis on mobilizing the ranks of the toiling masses: the peasants,
workers and semi-proletariat. In the countryside we give first
attention to the most reliable classes and strata: the farm work-
ers or agricultural proletariat and the poor and lower-middle
peasant or the rural semi-proletariat. We strive to win over
the middle and upper-middle peasants and neutralize the
rich peasants in order to isolate the despotic and oppressive
landlords.
By using the revolutionary class line, we have a scientific class
basis for dealing with the people in locality. We will avoid
being carried away by external appearances or acting only on
the basis of the personal likes and dislikes for individuals we
meet. This is why it is important to recognize the classes that
compose the population in the area, and the class origins of
the people we are dealing with.
5.
WHAT IS
REVOLUTIONARY
CLASS LINE?
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ARAK / LESSON 4
THE MASS
Lesson Four
THE CORRECT METHOD OF ANALYSIS / 18
In another example, our committees do not operate independ-
ent of the current thrust of the movement. Our local plans are
always in accordance with the broader plans established at the
section or district level. Conversely, we always consider in our
assessment the effect and influence of the guidance from the
higher organs, and the relationship between the overall devel-
opment of the movement and the development at the town
and section level.
In studying an object, we should pay attention to studying
the smaller parts that make up the whole. This enables us to
acquire a more complete, substantive and profound under-
standing of the object; confirm our initial conclusions and
avoid haphazard, careless generalizations.
When making an assessment, it is not enough to say that in the
whole the work was good. We should examine the conduct of
the different aspects of work like education, organization and
mass mobilization. In this way our analysis of the program
implementation is clearer, more substantive and more realistic.
Initially, one aspect of a contradiction is strong and predomi-
nates over the opposite aspect which is weaker. This dominant
aspect determines the basic characteristic or essence of a
phenomenon. For example, Philippine society is semi-colonial
and semi-feudal because it is dominated by U.S. Imperialism,
local feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism.
But this situation is not static. The two aspects are in continu-
ous struggle, each aspect undergoing changes in its form and
its strength, and the struggle between the two aspects continu-
ally changing in its intensity. Initially the changes are small,
and except for small changes in form and external appearance,it seems that the object is not changing at all. This is the stage
of QUANTITATIVE change.
In the Philippines for example, the class struggle is manifested
in many different changes in form like the rise in joblessness,
the increase in labor strikes and other forms of mass struggle,
the expansion of the peoples army, etc. However there is no
change in the basic relations between classes and the essential
semi-colonial semi-feudal character of the Philippine society
remains.
5.
HOW DO THINGS
CHANGE?
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