Battery Energy Storage System Pilot

Project, Puducherry

Manish Kumar Tiwari

Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

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POWERGRID –An Overview

CENTRAL TRANSMISSION UTILITY

A NAVARATNA COMAPANY CPSU

CONSISTENTLY RATED ‘EXCELLENT’ SINCE 1993-94

CREDIT RATING - STABLE

Tr. Lines (as on 30-11-2016)

132,138 ckm

Inter-Regional capacity

63,650 MW

S/S & MVA (as on 30-11-2016)

213 Nos.

273,862 MVA

Operating Parameters (FY15-16)

Availability: > 99.7%

Reliability: 0.66 Trippings per line

Business Areas • Transmission: India’s largest Transmission Utility, 1200 kV UHVAC,

800 kV UHVDC • Telecom: Owns & Operate approx. 40,000 km of network with

point of presence in 595 locations • Consultancy Services-Transmission, Smart Grid, Energy Efficiency

Balancing support needed for high Degree of Renewable Penetration (175 GW) by 2022

Very less existing capacity of Grid scale energy storage in the form of Pumped Hydro storage

High gestation period for Pumped hydro storage

No experience of grid scale energy storage apart from Pumped Hydro

Drivers for Pilot Project on Energy Storage

Higher ramp rate

Lower response time

Modularity in size

Flexibility in transportation

Options of many Chemistries

Why Battery Energy Storage Pilot ?

Proof of concept for application of BESS towards frequency response & energy time shift applications – Ancillary Services

First hand experience of different battery technologies & it’s battery management system before large scale deployment prospects in future

Policy / Regulatory advocacy for deployment of such technologies for grid stability

Objectives for Pilot Project

Advanced Lead Acid

• Mature technology

• Less Maintenance Requirement

• Economical

Lithium Ion

• Fast maturing

• Large number of Pilots worldwide

• High Power Density

Flow battery

• Higher Depth of Discharge

• Longer Life

• Upcoming technology

Proposed Technologies

Size of the Pilot Project

Sl. No. Technology Capacity

Package I Advanced Lead

Acid

500 kW-30 Min (250

kWh)

Package II Lithium ion 500 kW-30 Min (250

kWh)

Package III Flow 250 kW-4 hours (1000

kWh)

Parameters Li-ion Battery Advanced lead Acid Battery

Flow Battery

Charging rate 3 hrs. from rated DoD to Full Capacity

3 hrs. from rated DoD to full capacity

5 hrs. from rated DoD to full capacity

DC-DC Round-trip efficiency

>90% >80% >75%

Service Life 10 years 10 years 10 years

Life-cycle 4000 cycles (900 MWh)

3000 cycles (675 MWh)

3000 cycles (2700 MWh)

Technical Specifications

Single Line Diagram

Power Conditioning System (PCS)

Power Management System (PMS)

Monitoring and Control System

• Conversion AC to DC and vice versa

• Associated control

and Protection system.

• Equipped with suitable filter banks, harmonic filters to ensure power quality.

Consists of hardware and Software for different applications such as Frequency Regulation & Energy time shifting etc.

• Facilitates control room operator to monitor all parameters of BESS and exert control accordingly.

• Includes suitable

protection system for protection against faults.

Battery Energy Management System

DC System Protection AC System Protection Others

• DC Over Current • Earth Fault Protection • DC Over / Under

Voltage • Breaker failure

protection • Transient / Surge

Protection

• AC Over / Under Voltage

• AC Over current • Earth Fault Protection • AC Over / Under

Frequency • Breaker Failure

Protection • Loss of Phase • Transient / Surge

Protection • Synchronisation Check

• Protection Against temperature Rise

• Emergency Stop • Fire-fighting System

Protection System

Internal Chemistry: Cathode-PbO2, Anode-(Lead+Carbon),Electrolyte- H2SO4

Details of Each Cell: 2V, 600 Ah

Configuration: Two strings are connected in parallel, each string comprises of 300 cells connected in series (total 600 cells)

PCS Efficiency: 96%

Total Capacity of Battery: 691.2 kWh (useful Capacity at 2C was found 384 kWh)

Rated DoD: 65.1%

System Configuration: Adv. Lead Acid

Internal Chemistry: Cathode- Lithium Iron Phosphate, Anode- Carbon & Electrolyte - Lithium Hexafluorophate and solution of carbonates

Details of Each Cell: 3.2 V, 80 Ah.

Configuration: Battery Module -2 cells in parallel, 6 such units in series (19.2 V, 150Ah). One String-36 modules in series. (432 cells, 691.2 V & 150 Ah), 4 such strings in Parallel (1728 cells, 691.2 V, 600 Ah)

PCS Efficiency: 96%

Total Capacity of Battery: 398 kWh( useful capacity at 2C 357 kWh)

Rated DoD: 70%

System Configuration: Lithium Ion

Parameter Advanced Lead Acid Lithium Ion

Delivered Size 250 kWh, 500 kW 250 kWh, 500 kW

Design Sizing 691.2 kWh 398 kWh

Nos. of Cells 600 nos. 1728 nos.

Rated DoD 65% 70%

Battery Footprint One 40 ft. and one 20 ft. Container Area Foot print: 45 sq. m.

One 40 ft. Container Area foot-print: 30 sq. m.

Cost - 1.5 times than Advanced Lead Acid

Initial Learnings / Findings

• Preparation of Technical Specification • Life cycle of the battery • Global standards for safety, testing etc.

Package Status

Package I (Advanced Lead Acid)

• Awarded to M/s Zhejiang Narada Power Source Company limited and M/s Exicom

• BESS components have reached site. • Commissioning activities are in progress.

Package II (Li-Ion Battery)

• Awarded to M/s Zhejiang Narada Power Source Company limited and M/s Exicom

• BESS components have reached site. • Commissioning activities are in progress.

Package III (Flow Battery)

• Awarded to M/s Raychem RPG (P) Ltd in November, 2016. Commissioning by end of 2017

Package-wise Project Status

Some Photographs