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Basics of Weed Control &Turf
IDJennifer Davidson
The University of GeorgiaCollege of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
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Attractive, Functional Landscape
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What is a Weed?
•Plant out of place
•Plants causing economic loss
•Non-native plant (Privet, Ligustrum spp.)
•Plants whose virtues have not been discovered
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Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense)
Kudza (Pueraria lobata)
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Weed Life CyclesAnnual: Completes growth cycle in a single growing season (crabgrass).
Perennial: A plant that can persist more than two years, and reproduce through roots or seeds (clover).
Biennial: A plant that normally requires two growing seasons to complete its life cycle, flowering and fruiting in its second year (wild carrot).
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Seed Germination Factors
• Oxygen
• Light
• Scarification (physical removal of the seed coat)
•Temperature
•Water
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Weed Seed ProductionSeed / Plant
Pigweed >200,000
Lambsquarters >30,000
Crabgrass 53,000
Annual Bluegrass 2,000
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Weeds can be a problem 12 months
a year!
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Summer annual grasses
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Southern crabgrass
Smooth crabgrass
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Goosegrass
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Winter annuals
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Annual bluegrass
Boat shaped leaf tip
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Common chickweed
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henbit
Henbit
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Hairy bittercress
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Summer annual broadleaf weeds
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Prostrate spurge Milky sap
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Perennial broadleaf weeds
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Dandelion
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Wild violet
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Pennywort or Dollarweed
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Perennial grassy weeds
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Wild garlic bulbs and bulblets
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Purple and Yellow Nutsedge
Leaf tips differ
Yellow nutsedge flower
Purple nutsedge flower
Purple nutsedge rhizome tuber system
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Dallisgrass
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Weed Management Strategy
• Identify weed, life cycle, habitat• Integrated Pest Management
1. Preventive2. Physical 3. Cultural4. Biological5. Chemical
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Preventive Methods
• Weed-free seed and plant material• Screened and sterilized topsoil and
soil amendments• Keep equipment clean
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Physical Removal and Barriers
• Hoeing and hand removal• Mowing• Cultivation • Mulches and landscape fabrics
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• Good control method for small weeds
• Generally easier to control annuals
Hand Pulling and Hoeing
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Mowing
• Useful in turf and pastures• Mowing reduces seed production
of weeds if done before flowering.
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Cultivation
Disadvantages: Can be expensive, delayed by weather, and may prune crop roots
Advantages: Controls most weeds quickly and easily
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Repeat cultivation
to control each flush
of weeds.
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Cultural Methods
• Adapted plants• Fertility and pH• Water management• Insect and disease control
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Biological MethodsLiving organisms for weed control
•Insect (thistle weevil)
•Grazing animals (Geese)
•Fish (Grass carp)
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Chemical Methods
Herbicide - chemical that is used to control, suppress or kill weeds.
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Herbicide ClassificationPreemergence: Applied before weed seed germination (trifluralin). Generally no control of emerged weeds.
Postemergence: Applied after weed emergence. Generally no control of unemerged weeds.
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Herbicide Classification
Contact: Causes localized plant tissue injury. Does not readily move through the plant (glufosinate)
Systemic: Readily moves through the plant tissue (glyphosate)
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Herbicide Classification
Selective: Kills some plant species, but does not damage others (2,4-D)
Nonselective: Generally kills all plant species (glyphosate)
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Preemergence Herbicide Application Dates
Fall - Sept 1 – Oct 1, N.GA
- Oct 1 – Nov 1, S.GA
Spring - Mar 1 – Apr 1, N.GA
- Feb 15 - Mar 15, S.GA
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AdvantagesPostemergence Herbicides• Flexible application time
• Spot treatment
• Small containers
• Fits well into IPM programs
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PostemergenceHerbicide Precautions
• Avoid windy days (spray drift)
• Do not apply dicamba mixtures over the root zone of ornamental trees and shrubs
• Read the label
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Before You Use Herbicide
1. Identify weed.
2. Read and UNDERSTAND label .
3. Follow directions carefully.
4. Use only recommended amount!
5. Maintain and calibrate equipment.
6. Do not use on desirable plants not listed on label.
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Turfgrass Herbicides
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Preemergent Turfgrass Herbicides
Annual grass control in all turfgrasses– Balan (benefin)– Surflan (oryzalin)– XL (benefin + oryzalin)– Team Pro (benefin + trifluralin)– Halts (pendimethalin)– Dimension (dithiopyr)
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Postemergent Turfgrass Herbicides
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2,4-D Mixtures Does not control weedy grasses Good - dandelion, plantains, wild garlic Poor to fair – common chickweed, henbit Use on all turfgrasses except St.
Augustine Example = Weed-B-Gon
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MSMA DSMA CMA Postemergence control of weedy grasses Use in tall fescue, zoysia, bermuda Initially discolor tolerant turfgrass species Avoid application above 90o F Do not use on centipede and St. Augustine Example = Ortho Crabgrass Killer Formula II
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Sethoxydim
Controls crabgrass, goosegrass, and sandbur
Suppresses bahiagrass
Use only on centipedegrass
Example = Vantage
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Atrazine
Can be used on: Centipede, St. Augustine, Zoysia
Dormant bermudagrass Cool-season grasses and bahiagrass are not
tolerant Comes in both sprayable and granular
formulations Depending on the weed, atrazine has both
pre and post emergence activity
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Turfgrass Fertilizer/Herbicide Combinations
Fertilizers can be combined with either pre- or postemergence herbicides.
Created so you don’t have to make separate applications of fertilizers and herbicides.
Products available from many manufactures selling nearly identical products.
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EquipmentHand pump Sprayer
Handheld rotary spreader
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Equipment
Drop spreader Broadcast spreader
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CalibrationHand held granular spreaders:
Know the size of the area to be treated
Weight out granular herbicide needed for that area
Uniformly apply the pre-weighted granular herbicide to the designated area
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CalibrationPush type drop and broadcast spreaders:
Many companies sell spreaders to go along with there granular herbicides (i.e. Scott’s, Lesco, etc.).
There granular herbicide products will have the appropriate spreader setting listed on the bag.
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Pump type sprayers:
Calibration and Application
Measure the area to be treated.
Using the herbicide label, determine the amount of herbicide needed.
Measure out herbicide.
Mix water and herbicide concentrate.
Pressurize sprayer, and uniformly apply herbicide solution to the are.
Hand pump sprayer
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Weed management program
1. Diagnose problem
2. Evaluate methods
3. Select method
4. Initiate program
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Always read and follow the herbicide
label!
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