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Baryon Spectroscopy: Recent Results and Impact
16.9. – 24.9. 2015, Erice
R. Beck HISKP, University of Bonn
Introduction
Impact of the new Polarization Data
Summary and Outlook
Selected Results from JLab, ELSA and MAMI
supported by the DFG within the SFB/TR16
0 pp
np
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only 7 N* and 5 D* established in the region 1400 MeV < W < 2000 MeV
Nucleon Excitation Spectrum
Energy pattern for the dominant states
- constituent Quark Models
- Dynamic Models , Lattice QCD
Various nucleon models predict many more states
- weak coupling to pN final state
- incomplete data base
Introduction ERICE2015 Workshop: focus on hadron structure
Elastic and deep inelastic scattering: formfactor (size), parton distribution functions (constituents)
Polarizabilities and excitation spectra: information about interaction and dynamics between constituents
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Photon Photon L Multipole J
P
Pion Pion lp Multipole
Resonance
1 E1 M1
1/23/21/23/2
--++
0 E0+
2 E2-
1 M1-
1 M1+
S11
D13
P11
P33
2 E2
M2
3/25/23/25/2
++--
1 E1+
3 E3-
2 M2-
2 M2+
P33
F15
D13
D15
JIX 22 spectroscopic notation
);1();0( lPlSX
Isospin
P
Introduction Partial wave analysis : Pion angular momentum
Spin
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Introduction
Status on nucleon-resonances (PDG 2010) :(Isospin I = 1/2)
____ PDG value
____ Quark Model prediction
Talk: R. Alkofer
Quark modelsMany more states predicted
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Introduction
Status on Delta-resonances (PDG2010) :(Isospin I = 3/2)
____ PDG value
____ Quark Model prediction
Find missing statesUnique PWA necessary
Example P33 - waveResonances with JP = 3/2
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Introduction Lattice calculation :
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Problem with a Unique PWA Solution
NN
p- threshold until D+(1232)- region
8 well chosen observables have to be measured to determine the production amplitudes (F1,F2,F3 and F4)
above pp- threshold
additional constraints:
(a) s- and p- wave approximation
(b) Fermi- Watson theorem
NN NN
same I, J in the final state same scattering phase dIJ
two observables sufficient for “complete data base”
differential cross section : d /s dW
beam asymmetry : S
Fermi- Watson theorem not valid any more
More observable needed to get a unique partial wave solution
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Partial waves for the P33(1232)
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MAMI:O. Hanstein, D. Drechsel, and L. Tiator PL. B 385, 45 (1996)R.B. and H.P. Krahn PRL 78, 606 (1997)
Resonance Parameter for the P33(1232)
LEGS:G. Blanpied. and A. Sandorfi PRL 79, 4337 (1997)
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Problem with a Unique PWA Solution
NN
p- threshold until D+(1232)- region
8 well chosen observables have to be measured to determine the production amplitudes (F1,F2,F3 and F4)
above pp- threshold
additional constraints:
(a) s- and p- wave approximation
(b) Fermi- Watson theorem
NN NN
same I, J in the final state same scattering phase dIJ
two observables sufficient for “complete data base”
differential cross section : d /s dW
beam asymmetry : S
- Fermi- Watson theorem not valid any more
- More observable needed to get a unique partial wave solution
- Different final states are important -> coupled PWA
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Experimental program for N*
Precision data for different final states (pp0, np+, ph , K+L, pp0p0....)
Common effort at ELSA, JLab and MAMI
Polarization experiments (beam, target and recoil) “complete data base”
Xp
+ g p -> p + p- + p+
g + p -> p + p0 + p0
g + p -> p + p0
g + p -> p + h g + p -> K+ + L
To constrain PWA -> unique PWA solution
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courtesy of V. Crede
Experimental Program for N*
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• Crystal Barrel Set-Up • BGO-OD Set-Up
Talks: V. Metag and V. Vegna
Experiments at ELSA
Talks: B. Krusche, K. Spieker ,S. Gardner, M. Lang and S. Costanza
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CBELSA/TAPS Experiment
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high polarization at low photon energies high polarization at high photon energies
Linearly polarized photons:
- coherent bremsstrahlung - diamond radiator
Circularly polarized photons:
- longitudinally polarized electrons - helicity transfer to photon
Linearly polarized photons Circularly polarized photons
Polarized Photons at ELSA
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horizontal cryostat in experimental area
data taking
Running time over 2500 hours in year 2008 over 2200 hours in year 2009 over 1500 hours in year 2010
High. polarization P+ = 83.4 % P- = - 80.9 %
fast build-up 05h04min (May/June) 05h39min (August)
Pol.-time 06h10min
Polarized Target at ELSA
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all three single polarization observables S, P , T and cross section s
photoproduction of pseudoscalar mesons with polarized beam and target :
4 double polarization observables G , E , F and H
can be measured
Beam-Target Polarization Observables
JLAB- , ELSA- and MAMI- Experiments:
Data on all three single pol. observables S, P , T and diff. cross section s and on four double polarization observables G , E and H and F
for and 0 pp
np
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Photon polarization
Targetpolarization
Recoil nucleonpolarization
Target and recoil polarizations
X Y Z(beam) X’ Y’ Z’ X’ X’ Z’ Z’X Z X Z
unpolarizedlinearcircular
sS -
- T -H (-P) GF - E
- P -Ox (-T) Oz
Cx - Cz
Tx Lx Tz Lz
(-Lz) (Tz) (Lx) (-Tx)
- - - -
Observables in Meson Photoproduction
Experiments at ELSA, JLAB, MAMI : polarized photons, polarized targets and 4p detector acceptance
Many new results on polarization observables for different final states are coming out
Highlights from MAMI : T, S, and F, very precise cross section data ! and fine energy binning 4 MeV !
Highlights from ELSA : T, P, S, and G, E, H precise polarization data for
Highlights from CLAS : T, P, S, and G, E, H, F precise polarization data for
0 pp
0 pp np
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__ BnGa Bonn-Gatchina group
__ SAID Washington group
__ MAID Mainz group
Partial wave analysis:
0 pp
Problem with a Unique PWA Solution
Total cross section:
0 pp
Total cross section: stot ~ |A(P33)|2 + |A(D13)|2 + |A(F15)|2 + …..
no interferences between resonances
2. resonance region
3. resonance region
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0 pp
reaction:
circularly polarized photons
longitudinally polarized proton
__ BnGa __ SAID __ MAIDPartial wave analysis predictions :
Crystal Barrel at ELSA , M. Gottschall, PRL 112 (2014), 012003
s1/2 s3/2
Helicity Dependent Cross Section for pp0
2. resonance region
3. resonance region
2. resonance region
3. resonance region
4. resonance region
4. resonance regionHelicity dependent cross section s1/2 ~ |A(P33)|2 + |A(D13)|2 + |A(F15)|2 + …..
+ Interference terms with same Lp
like E1+ M1+ for P33 or E2- M2- for D13
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s1/2 - s3/2
__ BnGa
__ SAID
__ MAID
Partial wave analysisprediction:
s1/2 + s3/2
E =
CBELSA: Helicity Asymmetry E for pp0
0 pp
reaction:
Crystal Barrel at ELSA , M. Gottschall, PRL 112 (2014), 012003
Angular distributions
Sensitive to interference terms with different Lp
Highest sensitivity to small resonance contributions
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0 pp
reaction:
__ BnGa
__ SAID
__ MAID
Partial wave analysisprediction:
s1/2 - s3/2
s1/2 + s3/2
E =
• PWA predictions fail already
in 2. resonance region
CBELSA: Helicity Asymmetry E for pp0
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CBELSA: Asymmetry G for pp0
Crystal Barrel at ELSA , A. Thiel, PRL 109 (2012), 102001
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E0+ and E2- Multipoles
• E0+ Multipole, s-wave S11(1535), S11(1650) and S31(1620)
• E2- Multipole, d-wave D13(1520) and D33 (1700)
____ BnGa
____ SAID
____ MAID
Partial wave analysis:
Polarization Observables necessary !
1.) Constrain energy dependence of multipoles
2.) Reliable extraction of resonance parameter resonance + background contributions
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Impact of the new polarization data
Which Lmax is seen in the new data ? -> Truncated partial wave analysis possible
Lmax = 0 , S-wave , resonances in S-wave: S11(1535) , S11(1650) , S31(1620)
Lmax = 1 , P-wave , resonances in P-wave: P11(1440) , P13(1710) , P33(1232) , P31(?) ,
Lmax = 2 , D-wave , resonances in D-wave: D13(1520), D15(1680), D33(1700) , D35(?),
Lmax = 3 , F-wave , resonances in F-wave: F15(1680) , F17(?) , F35(?) , F37(1950) Lmax = 4 , G-wave , resonances in G-wave: G17(?) , G19(?) , G17(?) , G39(?)
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T = = A0 + A1 A3
T = = A0 + A1 A3
for L ≤ 1 : only s- and p- waves
for L ≤ 2 : only s-, p- and d- waves
for L ≤ 3 : only s-, p-, d- and f- waves
T = = A0 + A1
Lmax Interpretation of T- Asymmetry
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Lmax Interpretation of T- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
Some indication for L = 4 signal above W = 1850 MeV
CBELSA data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
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Lmax Interpretation of T- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
Some indication for L = 4 signal above W = 1850 MeV
CBELSA data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
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Lmax Interpretation of T- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
Some indication for L = 4 signal above W = 1850 MeV
CBELSA data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
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Lmax Interpretation of T- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
Some indication for L = 4 signal above W = 1850 MeV
CBELSA data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
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Precision data are necessary
- to be sensitive to large L contributions
- data sets with full angular coverage
- good angular resolution
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
Lmax Interpretation of T- Asymmetry
CBELSA data
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60 1200 60 1200
DU12CM12MAIDBnGa
M. Dugger et al. Phys. Rev. C 88, 065203 (2013)
CLAS: S-Asymmetry g p -> n p+
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DU12CM12MAIDBnGa
M. Dugger et al. Phys. Rev. C 88, 065203 (2013)
CLAS: S-Asymmetry g p -> p p0
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CBELSA: Preliminary S-Asymmetry g p -> p p0
GRAAL : O. Bartallini et al. EPJ A 26, 399 (2005)
CLAS : M. Dugger et al. Phys. Rev. C 88, 065203 (2013)
CBELSA (preliminary) : F. Afzal et al.
DU12CM12MAIDBnGa
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Lmax Interpretation of S- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
Some indication L = 4 signal above W = 1750 MeV
GRAAL data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
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Lmax Interpretation of S- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
L = 4 signal above W = 1750 MeV
GRAAL data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
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Lmax Interpretation of S- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
L = 4 signal above W = 1750 MeV
GRAAL data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
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Lmax Interpretation of S- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
L = 4 signal above W = 1750 MeV
GRAAL data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
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Lmax Interpretation of S- Asymmetry
Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
L = 4 signal above W = 1700 MeV
CLAS data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
High Precision CLAS Data !
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Lmax Interpretation of S- Asymmetry
CLAS data Significant L = 3 signal seen above W = 1500 MeV
Below L ≤ 2 seems to be sufficient
L = 4 signal above W = 1700 MeV
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
High Precision CLAS Data !
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Precision data are required
- for large L contributions
- full angular coverage and good angular resolution
- small systematic error in angular dependence
Lmax Interpretation of S- Asymmetry
CLAS data
___ Lmax = 2
___ Lmax = 3
___ Lmax = 4
___ Lmax = 1
___ Lmax = 5
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Impact of the new Polarization Data
____ BnGa_2011
____ BnGa_2014
____ MAID
_ _ _ SAID_SN11
____ SAID_CM12
New BnGa energy dependent multipole solution, impact of our new data in the full data base
A. Sarantsev et. al
Multipoles : Real Part Multipoles : Imaginary Part
____ JüBn_2014
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Impact of the new Polarization Data
____ BnGa_2011
____ BnGa_2014
- with the new polarization data
- new fit solution BnGa_2014
Clear convergence seen !
- prediction
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____ BnGa_2011
____ BnGa_2014
____ MAID
_ _ _ SAID_SN11
____ SAID_CM12
____ JüBn_2014
Impact of the new Polarization Data
____ BnGa_2014
- with the new polarization data
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• E0+ Multipole S11(1535), S11(1650) and S31(1620)
E0+ Multipole
New BnGa energy dependent multipole solutionincluding the new polarization data G,E,T,P and H
Impact of the new Polarization Data
____ BnGa_2011
____ BnGa_2014
____ MAID
_ _ _ SAID_SN11
____ SAID_CM12
____ JüBn_2014
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New BnGa energy dependent multipole solutionincluding the new polarization data G,E,T,P and H
M1+ Multipole
• M1+ Multipole P33(1232), P33(1620) and P13(1720)
Impact of the new Polarization Data
____ BnGa_2011
____ BnGa_2014
____ MAID
_ _ _ SAID_SN11
____ SAID_CM12
____ JüBn_2014
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M1- Multipole
• M1- Multipole P11(1440), P11(1710), P31(1910)
New BnGa energy dependent multipole solutionincluding the new polarization data G,E,T,P and H
Impact of the new Polarization Data
____ BnGa_2011
____ BnGa_2014
____ MAID
_ _ _ SAID_SN11
____ SAID_CM12
____ JüBn_2014
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• E2+ Multipole D15(1675)
E2+ Multipole
New BnGa energy dependent multipole solutionincluding the new polarization data G,E,T,P and H
Impact of the new Polarization Data
____ BnGa_2011
____ BnGa_2014
____ MAID
_ _ _ SAID_SN11
____ SAID_CM12
____ JüBn_2014
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Impact of the new Polarization Data
New polarization data G,E,T,P and Hincluded in the data base
Independent PWA- fits by BnGa, JüBo and SAID
Clear convergence between different PWA’s
Preliminary work together with:JüBo: D. Rönschen, M. DoeringSAID: R. WorkmannBnGa: A. Sarantsev
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Impact of the new Polarization Data
Preliminary work:JüBo: D. Rönschen, M. DoeringSAID: R. WorkmannBnGa: A. Sarantsev
Clear convergence between different PWA’s
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State PDG 2010 BnGa PWA PDG 2012 SAID PWA
N(1860) 5/2+N(1875) 3/2-N(1880) 1/2+N(1895) 1/2-N(1900) 3/2+N(2060) 5/2-N(2150) 3/2-D(1940) 3/2-
**
*
********
*********
*********
*********
no evidence
no evidence
- confirm known resonances
- allow to search for new resonances
Impact of the new Polarization Data
Multi-channel partial wave analysis, including data from CLAS at Jlab, CB at ELSA, CB at MAMI and other labs
Results from meson- photoproduction do now enter the PDG and determine the properties of baryon resonances
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Impact of the new Polarization Data Status on nucleon-resonances (PDG 2014) :(Isospin I = 1/2) ____ PDG 2014
____ PDG 2010
New states havebeen found
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Summary
Precise double polarization data are coming out now from ELSA, Jlab and MAMI
Impact of the new polarization data, for example 0 pp
In the high W-mass region the final states
- the new polarization data constrain the possible multipole solutions
- the necessary precision in the data is still missing
- full angular coverage and precision is important to find high spin states
- polarization observables are essential to get unique PWA- solution
- different final state are important
- truncated partial wave analysis are possible
p , h p h‘ and K+ , L K+ S0 will be important
New polarization data have to be analyzed by the different PWA groups
- reduce systematic error and model dependence of resonance parameter extraction
- better agreement in the energy dependence of the partial waves
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Outlook
Polarization data from MAMI
- measurements with longitudinal polarized target taken in 2014 and 2015 for E and G data
- measurements with transverse polarized target: close to release T and F data for p p0
Polarization data from CBELSA
- 2015 Crystal Barrel upgrade with Avalanche Photodiodes (APD) - measurements with polarized target again beginning of 2016
Polarization data from CLAS
- measurements with transverse and longitudinal polarized target: just released E for n p+ close to release T and F data for n p+ and P , H ,G to come for both final states
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Thank you for your attention