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Bangalore’s water resources
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A common sight
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Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jpjoshi/4616108862/
We see enough of this too
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Is there a water problem in the city?
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How much do we know at a local levelPopulation?Approximately how much water is supplied to the city? What are the sources of water supply? What % of water comes from these 2 major sources?Approximately how much water is lost?What’s the extent of the shortfall?How many water treatment plants does the city have? How much water is treated on a daily basis?How much sewage is generated on a daily basis? How many sewage treatment plants are there in the city?
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19914.5 million
20015.76 million
20117.9 million
8 million by 2011
Source: Dept of Economics and Statistics, Govt of Karnataka; statistics for Bangalore Urban district
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Is what we consume
21% met by groundwater (250 MLD)
79% met by surface water (900 MLD)
Losses = 43%400 million litres /day
5 functional water treatment plants 4 Cauvery, 1 TG Halli (Arkavathy)
1150 million litres per day
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Water supply per capita CPHEEO (Central Public Health and Environmental
Engineering Organization) suggests that water supply for metro cities should be 150 lpcd (litres per capita per day)
Existing supply is 110 - 120 lpcd
Source: www.bwssb.org
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Demand – supply gap
Demand by 2011 = 1576 MLDPresent supply = 900 MLDDeficit = 676 MLD
Even after the final stage of Cauvery water supply is implemented, Supply = 1500 MLD
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Sewage
920 MLD generated
No. of working STPs (sewage treatment plants)12 secondary treatment plants
+ 4 tertiary treatment plants
720 MLD treated
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Where does the treated and untreated sewage go?
To the Vrishabhavati and Ponniyar basins. Downstream of Bangalore, these would be freshwater sources
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Water from the Vrishabhavati and Ponniyar basins are also used for agriculture, downstream of Bangalore
Where does the treated and untreated sewage go?
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Other ramifications
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and climbs a fair amount too
Our water travels a long distance
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Energy
Three stages of pumping
Cost of getting us the water = Rs 18/kl
Domestic customers pay = Rs 6 - 36/kl
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Has this been the case from ages?
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A city of tanks and lakes
We were
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A city of bus stands, bazaars, stadiums
Dharmambudi tankChallaghatta tankKoramangala tank Sampangi tankSiddikatte lakeKaranji tank Chennamma tankKempambudhi tankAkkithimmanahalli tankMiller tank
we are
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Dharmambudi tank - Majestic Bus depot Challaghatta tank - KGA Golf course Koramangala Tank - National Games villageSampangi tank - Kanteerava stadiumSiddikatte lake - City market Karanji tank - Gandhi bazaar areaChennamma tank - a burial ground Kempambudhi - a sewerage collection tankAkkithimmanahalli tank - Hockey StadiumMiller Tank - Guru Nanak Bhavan, schools, and several buildings.
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• The city is growing• Tanks are disappearing• Tanks that exist receive sewage that cannot be handled by sewage treatment plants• Municipal water supply is inadequate to meet the growing needs• Unsustainable extraction of groundwater• Groundwater tables have fallen
Today
North Bangalore worst affected – 300 m
Every year more than 2 m drop in water table
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Other problems
Hydraulics network is over 50 years old
100 years old in some areas.
95% wastage through leaks
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Impacts
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Unequal distribution
Ill health
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Periodic flooding in low-lying areas that have been built on earlier tank-beds
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Water disputes
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What can we do ?
Can we run away from this problem?Can we move to another place?
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India – status and projections
1 / 6 of World’s Population
1 / 25 of world’s Freshwater
Resources
Source: TERI
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Mismatch between regions of large population and available freshwater resources
Global Fresh Water Stress
By 20252 / 3 of the world’s population estimated to be underwater-stress conditions. 3 billion people may be affected by water scarcity.
Source: http://www.unep.org/dewa/assessments/ecosystems/water/vitalwater/21.htm#21b
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What can we do ? Rainwater harvesting Water audit Reduce wastage Fix leaks Spread knowledge and awareness Work on interesting projects that give a better understanding –
observe and analyze
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BWSSB’s plans Promote rainwater harvesting Recycle and reuse of wastewater for non potable uses Dual piping system for new layouts Restoration of lakes to improve ground water table