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Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Case Study: 2030 Challenge and Beyond
Bae-Won Koh, AIA, LEED APVice President, Director of DesignInnovative Design, Inc.
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Topography of New Orleans
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
New Orleans Section
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Flooded - Katrina Accessory Bldg
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Broadmoor Lives!Broadmoor Neighborhood Revival
Active neighborhood leadershipreach out to various agencies
• Clinton Global Initiative• Global Green• NREL• DOEWilson School relocated to temporary facility
Project Background
Who’s involved?
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Recovery School District
Broadmoor NeighborhoodAssociation Lobby City Councilfor one of five Recovery School District QuickStart Schools
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Original Design by E.A. Christy
Staff Architect for Orleans Parish School Board 1909-1940
• Original Structure Built in 1909 • Addition Built 3 years later• One of 50+/- Schools Designed by Christy
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Original Design by E.A. Christy
Existing Building = Good Bones
• 3- Story Heavy Masonry with Plaster• Wood Construction with Large Awning Windows• 12’ Ceilings, 15’ Corridors• Transom Windows – Cross Ventilation• Terracotta Roof Tiles with Large Overhangs• Cement Plaster walls and Ceilings• T&G Wood Flooring
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
west elevation
north elevation
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
existing classroom
existing hallway
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Program = 96,000 sq ft
Head Start – 8th Grade; 2 classes per gradeMulti-Media Center/LibraryMusic & ChoralArt RoomGymnasiumSpecial EducationCafetorium & KitchenScience ClassComputer LabAdministrative • Principal’s Suite, Asst. Principal's Suite w/ Counselors & Nurse,
Teacher’s Lounge, Conference Room, Maintenance Dept.
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
ProgramOriginal Program included a Neighborhood YMCA @ 60,000 sq ft• No funding• Too big for site
Designed to Preliminary Master Plan Program• 20 Students per class• 50 sq ft per student• Too big for site
Redesigned to reuse existing classrooms @ 600-1000 sq ft• Just Right • More environmentally conscience• Kept original framing – replaced plaster
Project Background
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
SiteSituated on one city block 300’ x 280’• Retain mature oak trees• 100% Runoff• Pumping system designed to take runoff• Paving and subsurface drainage to recharge groundwater• Collect roof runoff in cistern, use for landscape irrigationReplace damaged one story structure with new 3 story wing• Creates protected courtyard for playground w/ basketball hoop• Front and side yards fenced for Toddlers / play equipment segregated
from older childrenExterior science classroom design – wetland retention pond populated with native plants for water filtration• Not funded
Redevelopment of Existing SitePorous Pavement reduces runoff by50% Bicycle RacksMajor portion of existing building facing E & W
Project Background
Site
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
West Elevation
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
North Elevation
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
South Elevation
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
East Elevation
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Details
Project Challenges & CollaborationClinton Global Initiative & USGBC brought focus to sustainable strategies, provided free LEED NC workshops for all RSD contracted Architects, Designers and consultantsUSGBC paid LEED registration fees, monitored progressState provide Commissioning Corp.NREL & DOE helped develop daylighting calcs for systems designGlobal Green provided seed money for special projects
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Details
Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)Global Green Funding – Model School
• 9 Solar Domestic Hot Water panels that will be installed above the kitchen to serve 90% of the hot water demand for the kitchen.
• One 12,000-gallon above ground cistern that will collect and store rainwater for irrigation purposes.
• Web-based display technology that will illustrate energy and water usage. The school will be able to use the data for educational purposes and to monitor carbon offset.
• Wetland habitat with 90% native species to serve as an outdoor educational classroom and to reduce the quantity and improve thequality of storm water leaving the site.
• Interpretive signage to be posted in and around the school to identify and provide information about the school's green technology.
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Details
Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)Wetland Design
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Details
Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)MEP Engineers had little experience in green building
• Needed sustainable goals established at early stage – Energy and Water efficiency goals
• Needed various documents to keep them on board• Responsibility Matrix• Sustainable Goals Narratives• Lighting Control Table• ASHRAE 55-2004 Thermal Comfort documentation and samples• CO2 Monitoring Guidance
• Innovative ran Daysim analysis• Innovative ran e-Quest DOE-2 model• Innovative reviewed their equipment selection• Innovative introduced ICLS design guidance• Innovative provided schematic diagrams of Photovoltaics, Solar Hot
Water, Web-monitoring and Rainwater Collection• Needed to prove to engineers prior to owner – i.e. Payback from
occupancy sensor and daylight sensor
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)FEMA required flood proofing first floor per TB 3-93
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Challenges & Collaboration (cont’d)• Reverse swimming pool & storm gates
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Challenges & Collaboration SuccessesReuse of existing classroom spaces minimized rework of building – ENHANCED REUSESalvage the historic quality of the spaces, • Maintain cultural continuity• “I went to school where my grandparents went to
school!”Expanded the presence of the school in the neighborhood• Opportunities for community use after school
hours• Separate entrances for communal spaces
• Catalyst for continued community development and reinforcement of neighborhood bond
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 ChallengeTargetKey strategiesEnergy Modeling resultsKey daylighting designs and analysisSteps to reduce further
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 ChallengeTarget
Design Case31.2 kbtu/sf/yr
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
2030 Challenge
EnergyStarTarget Finder
RSD’s Requirement
50% below CBECS 2003(West South Central)
90 30% below ASHRAE 90.1-2004
30.7 kbtu/sf/yr 28.2 kbtu/sf/yr 35.8 kbtu/sf/yr
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
OrientationEfficient Thermal Envelope
Daylighting
Efficient Lighting &
Control
Thermal Mass
Efficient HVAC
Solar Water
HeatingPV
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Energy Modeling Result
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
61.5
51.1
43.4 41.6
35.0 33.5 32.5 31.2
Kbt
u/sf
/yr
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Orientation
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Btu/SF Glass/day - 32° Latitude
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Thermal Envelope
High SRI value (=110) roof coatingR-30 Roof and Wall Insulation (Code: R-13 for roof and R-0 for wall)
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Cont. Spray FoamClosed Cell (R-6.75/in)
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Thermal Envelope
Open-cell spray foam insulation added to existing masonry exterior walls (R-30 in 12 inch furring)CMU walls for thermal mass
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Cont. Spray FoamOpen Cell (R-3.5/in)
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Thermal Envelope
Radiant Barrier to existing building roofLow-E argon filled glazing in view windows
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
SHGC = 0.40 (Max.)
Tvis = 0.74 (Min.)
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Thermal Envelope
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
51.1
43.4 41.6
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting
Keys to Good Daylighting?
• Consider human factors• Consider the energy ramifications • Account for site constraints and benefits• Select well-integrated daylighting strategies • Optimize the most appropriate daylighting
strategies • Accurately simulate daylighting performance• Verify and modify your design process
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting
Human factor - 2/3 of occupied hours to turn lights off to impact behavioral patternSelective strategies per function, depth, orientation and darkening requirementSelective glazing
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Why Daylighting?
Reducing your operating costIncreasing productivityDesigning buildings that teachProtecting our environmentDesigning for health, safety and comfort Supporting community values
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Why Daylighting?
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Efficacy: Lumens / Watt
same light
½ heat
Reduce cooling equipment sizes to account for smaller lighting load
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting
Eliminate direct beam radiation from entering critical spacesConsider the need to darken spacesDon’t count on low glass
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting
Optimize overhang for winter heat gain and summer sun angleConsider installing 10 footcandles less light in daylit spaces that naturally provide at least this amount, even on snowy, overcast days
…. unless night time use dictates full light levels
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting
• Maximize Visible Light Transmittance
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Application Exposure Type
view glass(non-daylighting apertures)
south clear double, low-e
north clear double, low-e
east/west - unshaded tinted double, low-e
east/west - shaded clear double, low-e
windows above lightshelves southclear double or triple w/ B-B-Gor interior lightshelves and clear double
high windows above view glass north clear double
roof monitors south clear double
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting
• Maximize Visible Light Transmittance
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Glass Transmittance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
300 400 600 900 1900
Wavelength in nanometers
Tran
smitt
ance
in p
erce
nt
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting
Low-e glazing will require 10% to 30% more glazing area and component
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Glazing Type VLT Glazing Area Factor
Clear- double .80 1.0
Low-e (10% reduction) .72 1.1
Low-e (30% reduction) .56 1.4
Clear-double w/ BBG .52 1.5
Clear-triple w/ BBG .45 1.8
1” fiber filled .30 2.7
2-3” fiber filled .20 4.0
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting
Slope ceiling to enhance light reaching deeper
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Drop ceiling
Rule-of thumb: Add one-half of a percentage point to g-t-r ratio if ceiling is flat
Project Background
How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting
• Various daylighting strategies per room functions, orientations, height and room depths
• Photo sensors and dimming ballasts• Occupancy sensors• Careful interior color selections
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Color Reflectance
Gloss White Semi-gloss WhiteLight Green*Kelly Green*Medium Blue*Medium Yellow*Medium Orange*Medium Green*Medium Red*Medium Brown*Dark Blue-Grey*Dark Brown*
75%70%53%49%49%47%42%41%20%16%6%
12%
How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting
Complement daylighting with appropriate lighting fixtures and controlsImplement continuous dimming or staged lighting control strategies
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting
Lamp, dimming control, and ballast must be compatible.Manufacturers don’t have data on the effects of low-level dimming on lamp life.Make sure lamps within the fixture are wired correctly (series vs. parallel). Parallel creates higher voltage.Your controls should not kick in at a “high” dimming level – start at full light/full power and dim down to appropriate level.
Green Design Strategies
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
How to meet 2030 ChallengeDaylighting
6 feet is maximum distance between ballast and lamp. Improper seating of the lamp into the socket creates arching and shortening of lamp life.Stopping dimming at 20% may produce better lamp life.
Green Design Strategies
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting Design Tools
Utilize design tools that can simulate hourly performanceImport hourly schedule to DOE-2 model to simulate energy saving from daylighting
Daylite SolarsoftDaysim National Research Council, CanadaLumen Micro 2000 Lighting Technology Inc.Radiance USDOE/University of CaliforniaSuperlite University of Michigan
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Small Spaces, Low Ceiling
Exterior Lightshelf + Blinds Between GlassOccupancy Sensor + Indirect Lighting + Task Lighting
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Offices
SLOPED CEILING
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Small Spaces, Low Ceiling
Reversed Blinds Between Glass
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
30 degrees
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Small Spaces, Low Ceiling
Utilize separate window treatment for lower (view) glass
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Small Spaces, Low Ceiling
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, Low Ceiling
Exterior Lightshelf + Interior LightshelfOccupancy Sensor + Photosensor
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Classroom & Library
SLOPED CEILING
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, Low Ceiling
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, Low Ceiling
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Computer Lab
Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Library/Media Room
Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Cafeteria
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, High Ceiling
Roof Monitor + Overhang + Fabric BafflesOccupancy Sensor + Photosensor
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Music & Chorus
SLOPED CEILING
Gymnasium
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, High Ceiling
Translucent baffles to block direct beam radiation and diffuse sunlight
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, High Ceiling
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – South, Large Spaces, High Ceiling
High SRI roof enhances daylighting 20-30%Modified bituminous roof – “white” doesn’t always provide high SRI value. Specify “highly reflective”coating.
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Choir Room
Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Gymnasium
Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes
Project Details
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
South Exterior
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – East & West, Classrooms
Vertical Fabric Baffles + Interior LightshelfOccupancy Sensor + PhotosensorLimited w/ existing fenestration size and profile
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Classrooms
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – East & West, Classrooms
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
West
East
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – East & West, Classrooms
Utilize directional (angled) translucent baffles to stop direct beam and bounce light deeper into space
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – East & West, Classrooms
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Challenges & Collaboration Successes
West Classroom
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – North, Classrooms
Occupancy Sensor + PhotosensorLimited w/ existing fenestration size and profile
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Classrooms
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting – North, Classrooms
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Daylighting
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
35.0
41.6
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Lighting and Control
Lighting Power Density
Engineer’s SD: over 2 W/sf3 rows w/ (3)-T8 lamp fixtures
Final Design: 1.1 W/sf2 rows w/ (2)-T5HO lamp fixtures
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Lighting and Control
Indirect Lighting
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Classrooms Offices
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Lighting and Control
Daylight & Occupancy Sensors
• Payback estimate• Integrated system selection
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient Lighting and Control
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
35.0 33.5
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient HVAC
Heat Recovery Ventilation
Heat Recovery Enthalpy Wheel in AHUs
Dedicated Units for Office Suites for Extended Hours
High Efficiency Boilers and Air-Side Chillers
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Efficient HVAC
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
32.533.5
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Solar Domestic Hot Water
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Estimate Notes/RangeApplication type - Service hot waterSystem configuration - With storage
Building or load type - School w/ showersNumber of units Student 500Rate of occupancy % 100% 50% to 100%Estimated hot water use (at ~60 °C) L/d 3,400Hot water use L/d 3,400Desired water temperature °C 60Days per week system is used d 5 1 to 7
Cold water temperature - AutoMinimum °C 16.8 1.0 to 10.0Maximum °C 22.5 5.0 to 15.0
Months SWH system in use month 12.00Energy demand for months analysed MWh 41.37
therm 1,411.60Return to Energy Model
sheet
Version 3.1© Minister of Natural Resources
Canada 1997-2005. NRCan/CETC - Varennes
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Photovoltaics
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge SDHW & PV
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
32.5 31.2
Green Design Strategies
How to meet 2030 Challenge Steps To Reduce Further
Plug-in load reduction • EnergyStar appliances• Vending MachinesOperational Consciousness• Behavioral Shift• Conscious Scheduling• Conscious Purchase• Automatic Turn-OffMore Renewable Energy
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesStormwater control• Rainwater collection from the roof• Permeable paving in courtyard• Bioswales and rain gardens• Constructed wetland
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesRainwater Reuse Studies• Various scenarios – Toilets vs Irrigation• Goal was to collect 95% of rainwater off new
addition and reuse for toilet flushing and irrigation• Jurisdiction didn’t allow for building use• Irrigation only
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Underground, 20000 gal vs. Above ground, 12000 gal
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesPermeable Paving in Courtyard• The amount of liquid asphalt is critical to obtain
permeability AND strength.• Flow Rate = 140 gal/min/sf
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesBioswales and Constructed Wetland• Goal was to treat 100% stormwater• Broadmoor loves it. Potential community project.
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Green Design Strategies
Key Green StrategiesEnergy Efficient Building Shell
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Low-e Argon View Windows
ClearDaylight Windows
R-30 Wall Insulation
Photovoltaics
R-30 Roof Insulation & SRI-110 Roof Membrane
Lightshelf
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesWater Efficiency• Rainwater reuse for irrigation• High efficiency flush valves• Process water use reduction in kitchen
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Baseline – Annual Water Consumption
948,953 gallons
Design-Annual Water Consumption
559,090 gallons
Total Water Saving 41.1% (3 Points of WE3)
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesRenewable Energy • 2.4kW Photovoltaics• Solar domestic hot water
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesMaterial Selections & Reuse• Existing building reuse• Recycled contents• Local materials• Low/no-VOC materialsConstruction Practices• Construction Waste Management Plan required• IAQ Management Plan requiredIndoor Environments• Acoustics• Thermal comfort
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesBuilding as a Teaching Tool• Web-based monitoring system• Interpretive signs• Sundial• Education sessions for students and staff
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
10%20%
30%
50%
70%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
Reading Hearing Seeing SeeingHearing
SeeingHearing
Experiencing
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesWeb-based monitoring system• Total Electricity, Gas & Water Usage• Weather Station, PV, Solar Hot Water, Rainwater,
Daylighting
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Data logger
Internet Users
Kiosk w/ Server
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesInterpretive Signs Throughout Site• Overall Green Design• Rainwater Reuse• Stormwater Treatment• Photovoltaics• Materials & Resources Reuse• Daylighting• Solar Hot Water• Energy Efficiency
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesSundial
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
Key Green StrategiesEducation Sessions for Students and Staff• Tour for entire students• Brochure• Easy-to-read Operation Manual for Users
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Project Background
LEED Gold Targeted
Yes Maybe
SS 8 6WE 3 3EA 10 1MR 5 6EQ 8 8ID 4 2
TOTAL 38 26
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School
Certified 29~36
Silver 37~43
Gold 44~57
Platinum 58~79
Contact Information
Bae-Won Koh, AIA, LEED APVice President, Director of DesignInnovative Design, Inc. (Tel) 919-832-6303 e-mail: [email protected]
Andrew H. Wilson Elementary School