Badaoui Rouhban Badaoui Rouhban
Director Director
Section for Disaster ReductionSection for Disaster Reduction
Natural Sciences SectorNatural Sciences Sector
UNESCOUNESCO
Nombre de désastres naturels, évolution par continent: 1950-2008
0
50
100
150
200
250
Num
ber o
f dis
aste
rs
Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania
Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium. ”
EURO-MEDITER
Désastres Naturels dans les Pays Méditerranée
1989-2008 (After CRED, Belgium)Nombre de désastres naturels
1989-2008
Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium. ”
CountryNo.
eventsFrance 82Turkey 75Italy 53Algeria 49Spain 46Greece 45Morocco 21Mauritania 20Egypt 19Albania 16Croatia 15Bosnia-Herc. 12Cyprus 10Jordan 10Israel 9Syria 6Tunisia 5Lebanon 4Montenegro 1Palestine 1
Impact humaine des désastres naturels: 1989-2008 (After CRED, Belgium)
Year Disaster, Country
No. people killed
2003 Heat wave, Italy 200892003 Heat wave, France 19490
1999 Earthquake, Turkey 17127
2003 Heat wave, Spain 15090
2003 Earthquake, Algeria 2266
2006 Heat wave, France 13882001 Flood, Algeria 921
1999 Earthquake, Turkey 845
2003 Heat wave, Croatia 788
1995 Flood, Morocco 730
Nombre de morts
Year Disaster, Country
Total affected
1990 Drought, Spain 6000000
1999 Storm Lothar, France 3400011
1989 Drought, Albania 32000001998 Earthquake, Turkey 15896001999 Earthquake, Turkey 13589531998 Flood, Turkey 12400472001 Drought, Mauritania 10000002008 Drought, Syria 10000001993 Drought, Mauritania 446507
2005 Snowstorm, Albania 400000
Nombre d’affectés
Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.net – Université Catholique de Louvain – Brussels – Belgium. ”
Coastal zone is particularly at risk
• 1.2 billion people live within 100 km from the coast. • This is 23% of the world population. In 2030 this figure
may rise to 50%.• Half of worlds GDP is in the coastal urban areas. This
figure will increase to 75% in 2015.(World Bank)• More than half of GDP is located in high risk areas.
(World bank)• 10 million peoble experience flooding each year due to
storm surges and typhoons.• Tsunamies, floods, storm surges, typhoons continue
to happen in the coastal area and climate change is expected worsen the situation.
CATASTROPHES
SOUDAINES TECHNOLOGIQUESLENTES ENVIRONMENTALLES
NATURELLES PROVOQUEES HOMME
- Seismes
- Eruptions volcaniques
- Inondations - Glissements de terrain
- Tempetes, cyclones, ouragans
- Changements climatiques
- Deforestation (Amazonie) - Developpement
megapoles - Disparition lacs ( mer Aral)
- Chimiques (Bhopal, AZF)
- Nucleaires (Tchernobyl) - Maree noires (Exxon Valdez, Erika, Prestige)
- Changements climatiques, rechauffement
- Desertification, secheresse
INTERACTIONS, COMPLEXITE
HAZARD x VULNERABILITY = RISK
H x V = R
World Meteorological Organization
WORLD BANK
The United Nations system engaged in disaster reduction
United Nations International Strategy
For Disaster Reduction(ISDR)
Secretariat based in Geneva
Hyogo Framework for Action
• Governance;
• Risk identification, assessment, monitoring and early warning;
• Knowledge management and education;
• Reducing underlying risk factors;
• Preparedness for effective response and recovery.
UNESCO’s roleIdentification of Hazards and Risks
• Monitoring, Mapping, Risk Assessment
Promotion of Preventive and Mitigation Measures
• Promotion of early warning systems• Building capacities and training of scientists and engineers• Educating and raising awareness for disaster preparedness• Guidelines for the protection of educational buildings, cultural
sites• Environmental consideration
UNESCO programmes in UNESCO programmes in Disaster ReductionDisaster Reduction
• Natural hazards programme
• International Geoscience Programme (IGCP)
• lnternational Hydrological Programme (IHP)
• Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme
• Programmes of UNESCO’s lntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
• Protection of Cultural Heritage• UN Decade on Education for Sustainable
Development
Accomplishments
• Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology of Skopje – former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (IZIIS)
• Regional Centre for Seismology for South America – Peru (CERESIS)
• Pacific Tsunami Warning System• International Institute of Seismology and
Earthquake Engineering - Japan (IISEE)• International Seismological Centre - UK (ISC)• Centre de Génie Parasismique - Algeria• International Institute of Earthquake Engineering
and Seismology – Iran• UNESCO-IHE for Water Education- Netherlands
1983 -
Algeria
Egypt
Irak
Jordan
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Syria
Tunisia
Sudan
Programme for Assessment and Mitigation of Earthquake Risk in the Arab Region
(PAMERAR)
PAMERAR results
Capacity building for earthquake risk reduction more than 3500 person-days of training provided for scientists, engineers
and technicians, more than 40 missions of technical assistance organized
Development of seismic networks300 seismometers and accelerometers installed in Morocco, Tunisia,
Iraq, Yemen, Jordan, Syria and Egypt
Earthquake provisions to building codes in Algeria, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia
Earthquakes
UNESCO/USGS Programme on Reducing Earthquake Losses in the Enlarged Mediterranean Region (RELEMR);
UNESCO/USGS Programme on Reducing Earthquake Losses in the South Asia Region (RELSAR);
REDUCING EARTHQUAKE LOSSES IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION
(RELERM)
• Algeria• Cyprus• Egypt• Greece• Israel• Iran• Jordan• Lebanon• Lybia• Palestinian Authority
• Morocco• Oman• Saudi Arabia• Spain• Syria• Tunisia• Turkey• United States• Yemen
REDUCING EARTHQUAKE LOSSES IN THE SOUTH ASIA REGION
• Afghanistan• Bangladesh• Bhutan• China• India• Iran
• Nepal• Pakistan• The Philippines• Sri Lanka• United States
(RELSAR)
• A research and training platform based on A research and training platform based on seismology and earthquake engineeringseismology and earthquake engineering
• A system for post-earthquake field investigationA system for post-earthquake field investigation
INTERNATIONAL PLATFORM FOR REDUCING EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
• Chile• Egypt• Indonesia• Japan (CoE)• Kazakhstan
• Mexico• Peru• Romania• Turkey
+
(IPRED)
IPRED is supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan
1st IPRED meeting, Paris, 2008
Tsunami Warning and Mitigation
Systems
IOC of UNESCO
Landslides
• Promotion of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) and the International Programme on Landslides (IPL)
• Promotion of various studies on the cause and prevention of landslides
Leyte, Philippines, 2006
Barcelona, Spain, 2006
UNESCO addressing hydrological extremes
IFI: International Flood Initiative
International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management under the auspices of UNESCO
(UNESCO-ICHARM, Tsukuba, Japan)
IIASA
“RIMAX – Risk Management of Extreme Flood Events”
UNESCO Technical Document
Flood risk management
Cooperation between German IHP National Committee and UNESCO IHP
Revealing the current state of research and technology
Topics
Topic 1: Forecast and warning
Topic 2: Forecast – dykes
Topic 3: Management in disaster situations
Topic 4: Damage assessment and society
Flood activities of FRIEND
(Flow Regimes from International Experimental Network and Data Sets)
Flood forecasting hydrological processes linked with heavy rains
Enhanced understanding forecasting and management of flash floods in urban areas
Methodologies for reliable inundation mapping through flood risk maps and vulnerability maps.
Tools for warning and forecasting of ungauged basins
Techniques for extreme rain fall and flood runoff estimate
Stochastic modelling of heavy precipitation for runoff forecasting
Aim of the monograph: to give information on the causes, the evolution and the flood
damage.
UNESCO and IAHS joint compendium of extreme flood
events (20 extreme events)
Flood resilience
Floating buildings
Redesigning urban areas
UNESCO-IHE activitieson flood risk management
Flood warning
Developing flexible, appropriate software tools for real-
time flood prediction
Examining the effect of climate on flood prediction tools
Using SMS messaging to deliver flood warning by location
• The Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB)
• The International Hydrological Programme (IHP)
Drought/desertification
Water Cycle and Drought Monitoring over Africa
The International Hydrological Programme (IHP) supports the Land Surface Hydrology Group of Princeton University in the development of an experimental, near real-time drought monitor in Africa.
Map showing population density within the sub-basin
“RISK ANALYSIS OF FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES IN THE ARENAL DE MONTSERRAT SUB-BASIN, EL SALVADOR”
Risk mapping, El Salvador, UNESCO RAP-CA project
Floods, landslides
Landslide, 13 January 2001
Floods, 2000, 2002
Protection of educational buildingsand cultural heritage
Landslides, Machu Pichu, Peru
International Programme on Landslides supported by UNESCO
Environmental Protection
To strengthen environmental protection for the prevention of natural disasters
Planting a tree, St Vincent in the Grenadines, 2003
UNESCO CSI project
UNESCO’s post-disaster studies
UNESCO post earthquake mission, Bam, Iran 2003
In the aftermath of disaster, to foster post-disaster investigation, recovery and
rehabilitation
•Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 – Building Resilient Communities
•United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005-2015
2005-2015
UN-ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction)
Thematic Platform on Knowledge and Education
UNESCO is one of the active agencies
• Creation of a forum to exchange knowledge;
• Dissemination of good practices and examples;
• Mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into school curriculaand school safety.
School Curricula Today
• Many focus on science
• Many focus on preparedness & drills
• Few integrate the two
• Fewer develop their own local curriculum
• Far fewer GO OUTSIDE and study the school’s hazards & the communities
What is education for disaster reduction?
A new vision of education
An education empowering people to commit themselves
An education at all levels of education systems, using all modalities, and in all social contexts
Maldives
• Global population : 298 000
• Student population : 102 000
• At least 1 school per island
• 334 schools per 200 islands
• 40 % of the population in schools.
Upcoming major events
• Second session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction,15-19 June 2009 in Geneva, Switzerland
http://www.unesco.org/disaster