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Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
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Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
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Introduction Disability, Multiculturalism and Diversity
Cultural Diversity
This curricula is intended to provide information to assist faculty in working successfully with a diverse student body.
Multiculturalism
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Postsecondary Education References
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Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
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Postsecondary Education
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While there is increasing attention at many universities to cultural diversity in general, disability is often overlooked.
Many students with disabilities have multiple cultural identities. The combination of disability and multiple cultural identities can impact success in postsecondary education.
Diversity in postsecondary education has expanded over the past two decades creating a need for colleges and universities to reassess traditional instructional strategies to better meet the needs of all students.
(Newby, 2005; Scott, McGuire, & Shaw, 2003). As reported in the Chronicle of Higher Education (2008).
Introduction
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Socializing Agents
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Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
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Postsecondary Education
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References
Goals
Goals
To share information
about cultural diversity,
multiculturalism, and disability in postsecondary
education.
To provide examples of multicultural
perspectives.
To discuss disability culture.
To explore the interconnection
between cultural
diversity and disability.
To offer insight for facilitating
postsecondary success for
students from diverse
backgrounds both with and
without disabilities.
To provide tools and
exercises for exploring cultural
perspectives, ideas and
viewpoints.
3
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Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
ObjectivesTo understand
culture and cultural
components.
To discover how culture is key to the
concepts of multiculturalism and
diversity.
To recognize how disability is a part of
cultural diversity.
To understand multiculturalism as it relates to students with disabilities in
postsecondary education.
4
Objectives
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Evaluation
You can evaluate this module by clicking on the following link Click Here
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Students of minority status
Students reporting a disability
Students attending part-time
35.35%
11.3%
45.3%
Students aged 25 to 34
21.5%
Students over the age of 34
18.4%
The combination of disability and multiple cultural identities can impact success in postsecondary education.
Many students with disabilities have multiple cultural identities.
Graphic of a colored pie chart.
Statistics About Postsecondary Participation
Fast Facts
6The Chronicle of Higher Education. (2008). Almanac, 2008-9, 1, 3-35
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Take this quiz to test yourself on your awareness of
multiculturalism.
http://portal.coe.hawaii.edu/survey.php?survey=775
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Introduction Disability, Multiculturalism and Diversity
Cultural Diversity
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Multiculturalism
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Postsecondary Education References
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To introduce the concept of
cultural diversity and
multiculturalism
To share different
components, functions and purposes of
culture
Goals
To learn how multiple cultural identities create multiculturalism
To understand diverse cultural
dynamics
LearningObjectives
9
What is Multiculturalism?
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More than one identity based on different cultural groups of which one may be a member.
"A system of knowledge, of standards for perceiving, believing, evaluating and acting that serve to relate human communities to their environmental settings (Allaire and Firsirotu 1984).”Retrieved from National Defense Universityhttp://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldr-dm/pt4ch16.html
Diversity
“The fact or quality of being diverse.” http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/diversity
Cultural Diversity
“The coexistence of different ethnic, gender, racial, [disability] and socioeconomic groups within one social unit.”http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Cultural+Diversity
Multiculturalism
Systems
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Definitions
Values"A person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life.” http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/value
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“Culture as an integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, languages, practices, beliefs, values, customs, courtesies, rituals, manners of interacting and roles, relationships and expected behaviors of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group; and the ability to transmit the above to succeeding generations.” Goode, T., Sockalingam, S., Bronheim, S., Brown, M., and Jones, W. (2000). A planner's guide: Infusing principles, content and themes related to cultural and linguistic competence into meetings and conferences. Washington, DC: National Center for Cultural Competence. Retrieved March 14, 2011, from http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/culture/cuindex.htm
“Behavioral scripts are a sequence of expected behaviors for a given setting” (such as in business, in a classroom, or in a restaurant).Behavioral scripts. In Wikipedia. Retrieved March14,2011. from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_script
Integrated Patterns
Scripts
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Definitions
Normative Codes
“Ways of behaving such as food practices, religious practices, child-rearing practices”
Sotnik, P., & Jezewski, M. A. (2005). Culture and Disability Services. In J. H. Stone (Ed.), Culture and disability: Providing culturally competent services (p. 21). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
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Picture of a man using a wheelchair next to a mud hut in a rural area
A person can feel racially or culturally oppressed in society, an individual can feel oppressed by how they are treated because of a disability.
Multicultural individuals with disabilities may feel oppressed by social views of their culture and of their disability. Disability and cultural displacement can be oppressive forces.
What Is Multiple Oppression?
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The cultural values one holds and the way an individual sees themselves affects how they develop their cultural identity.
Western societies tend to view the world from a more individualistic perspective, while Eastern societies view the world from a more collectivistic perspective.
However, most societies do not completely fit the Eastern or Western identity paradigms, and most cultures are a complex mix of collectivistic and individualistic values.
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Understanding Your Own Cultural Perspective
To understand how cultural characteristics impact others a person must understand their own cultural perspective.
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Independence
Individual Rights
True to own values and beliefs
Self-sufficiency
Continually improve practices
Continuum of Values
Obligation to others
Rely on groups
Adhere to traditional values
Maintain traditional practices
Interdependence
Collectivistic (Eastern) Individualistic (Western)
14Leake. (2009, January). Overview of Western vs. Non-Western Conceptions. A lecture at DIS 681. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Honolulu, HI
Multicultural Perspectives
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15
Pursue individual goals/interests
Individual achievement
Self determination/individual choice
Competition between individuals
Shame/guilt due to individual failure
Continuum of Values Cont.
Group achievement
Competition between groups
Group/hierarchical decision making
Shame/guilt due to failing group
Fulfill roles within groups
Collectivistic (Eastern) Individualistic (Western)
Multicultural Perspectives
Leake. (2009, January). Overview of Western vs. Non-Western Conceptions. A lecture at DIS 681. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Honolulu, HI
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Cultural Identity Bubble Map
Example People have many identities or “distinguishing characteristics” such as a “person with a disability, ” “Native Hawaiian,” or “gay/ lesbian.” Some people may identify with one characteristic more than another.
The “Cultural Identity Bubble Map Example” is an example of an Identity Map, followed by a Blank Cultural Map Template for you to create your own Cultural Identity Bubble Map.
The map places the person, you in this case, in the bubble at the center, with bubbles listing various aspects of your identity radiating to the center. Go to next page for activity.
16
Example
Melissa Sweet
Mother/ Daughter/
Sister
Black/ America/ Creole/
Southern
Disabled/Student/ Widow
Business Owner/
Christian/ Spiritual
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Here is a template for you to create your own Cultural Identity Bubble Map.
YOU
You are inthe bubble at the
center, with bubbles listing various
aspects of your identity radiating to
the center.
17
Creating Your Own Cultural Identity Bubble Map
Children from different cultures wearing different colors
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1. What are three components of Culture I learned?2. What did I learn about myself from completing the Bubble Map?3. What other cultures am I aware of that haven’t been mentioned yet?4. Do I consider myself to be Multicultural? Why or why not?5. Reflecting on the table ‘Continuum of Values,’ would I consider myself more individualistic or collectivist? How can I explain this?
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Discussion 1
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Cultural Diversity
This curricula is intended to provide information to assist faculty in working successfully with a diverse student
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19
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Postsecondary Education References
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Multiculturalism
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“The multicultural perspective seeks to provide a conceptual framework that recognizes the complex diversity of a plural society while, at the same time, suggesting bridges of shared concern that bind culturally different persons to one another.” (Pedersen, 1991, p. 7)
Goals
To explore different ways people acquire
identity.
To discuss how disability plays a role in
identity construction.
Objectives
To understand how disability
fits into multiculturalism and diversity.
To see how different agents
transmit culture and sources of
cultural identity.
20
Disability, Multiculturalism, and Diversity
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People may identify with multiple cultures. Characteristics identified with a culture, such as food, language, or religion; often contribute to a person’s identity. Disability may be one component of a person’s cultural identity.
Disability often unites individuals into a cultural group even though members of the group may not share similar racial or linguistic backgrounds. Labeling oneself as disabled, or being labeled disabled can be part of identity along with other identifiable characteristics like ethnic or religious identity.
Fact 1
Fact 2
21
Did You Ever Consider the Fact?
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22
Facts: Continued…
Fact 3
Fact 4
When disability is perceived as part of cultural identity it can become a cultural component, which expands diversity and becomes a part of multiculturalism.
Disability is likely not to be someone’s sole identity, but it might be a stronger cultural identity than other individual cultural components. At the same time, because many cultures devalue disability, other individuals may not identify having a disability as part of their overall identity.
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School
Church
Community
Neighborhood
Peer Group
Electronic M
edia
Family
Print Media
The A
rtsS
ports
TheIndividua
l
“Socializing agents,” may strongly influence individual identity. For some people, for instance, religion plays the biggest role, for others their position within the family may have a huge impact. Since we are all different, we all respond differently to various socializing agents.
Cushner, McClelland, & Safford (1996), Human Diversity in Education: An Integrative Approach, p. 66
A circle with the individual at the center and socializing agents, such as family, church, sports radiating out.
Workplace
Technology
23
Socializing Agents
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The Individual
RaceEthnicity/
Nationality
Social Class
Sex/
Gender
Health
AgeGeographic
Region
Sexuality
Religion
Social Status
Language
Ability/
Disability
Multiple circles that indicate twelve sources of cultural identity
Cushner, McClelland, & Safford (1996), Human Diversity in Education: An Integrative Approach, p. 75.
24
Sources of Cultural Identity
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Girl sitting and thinking with her head in her hand.
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Discussion 2
1. Name three socializing agents that transmit culture.
2. What are three sources of your cultural identity. Which of the three has the most influence on your individual identity?
3. What is your personal definition of disability? How was it developed?
4. Do you believe ability/ disability is a part of your identity? Why or why not?
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Introduction Disability, Multiculturalism and Diversity
Cultural Diversity
This curricula is intended to provide information to assist faculty in working successfully with a diverse student
body.
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Postsecondary Education References
Colored handprintsColored handprints
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Considering cultural diversity and multiculturalism includes multiple ways of looking at disabilities. Various cultures, religions, and generations view disabilities in unique ways. Several models that have been used to describe people with disabilities and their place in society are presented in this section.
Goals
To consider that there are different ways of approaching
disability.
To examine three of the
different theories of disability.
Objectives
To understand differences in the ways that people look at disability and its impact on disability policy and practice.
To understand differences in the ways that people with disabilities
look at themselves and
its impact on policy and practice.
27
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
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Models
Social
Disability Culture &Pride
Medical
28
Three Models That Impact How People View Disability
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Social
29
The Medical Model
Three Models That Impact How People View Disability
Models
Social
Disability Culture &Pride
Medical
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ModelsThe individual is the
Problem
A doctor in her lab coat with the stethoscope around hershoulder
Two Professionals writing notes
Models
30
Disability expertise is primarily controlled through the medical profession…
…and professionals working in specialized fields.
Medical
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The medical model has served the purpose of identifying and assisting persons with disabilities, and has created a network of policies and services that protect and support people with disabilities.
As individuals with disabilities have rebelled against the medical model, other models have been developed, often by individuals with disabilities.
A picture of a doctor with a stethoscope
A picture of a wheelchair racer
The Medical Model’s focus on a cure is seen by many people with disabilities as harmful because it ignores the social, physical, educational, and employment barriers faced on a daily basis by most people with disabilities.
31
Models
ModelsMedical
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Models
32
Three Models That Impact How People View Disability
Models
Disability Culture &Pride
Medical
Social
The Social Model
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Models
The Social Model of disability suggests that society and the environment contribute to and define disability.
A picture of stairs
A person who is blind using Braille.
Two professionals shaking hands
Different technology devices connected to the globe
Two people talking to each other
33
ModelsSocial
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Models
In schools, many print texts are not accessible to those with visual or learning disabilities, even though alternative formats to print such as Braille and auditory recordings are readily available.
Many buildings are not accessible to people who use wheelchairs. Thus it is poor building design, and not the individual who uses a wheelchair, that disables wheelchair-users.
A graphic of stairs
Eye glasses on top of pile of old books
The Social model presumes that since the “problem” of disability lies with society and the environment, so society and the environment must change to accommodate the needs of individuals with disabilities.
34
ModelsSocial
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35
Social
Three Models That Impact How People View Disability
Models
Social
Disability Culture &Pride
Medical
Disability Culture & Pride Model
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In response to the political, cultural and historical experiences that have led todiscrimination against people with disabilities, disability rights advocates in the late twentieth century developed the Disability Culture & Pride Model. This model emphasizes pride and a positive disability identity.
Overview
Dance performance with three women raising their hands and radiating out from a woman using a wheelchair.
36
Models
Models Disability Culture &
Pride
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Models
Models
“People with disabilities have forged a group identity. We share a common history of oppression and a common bond of resilience. We generate art, music, literature, and other expressions of our lives and our culture, infused from our experience of disability. Most importantly, we are proud of ourselves as people with disabilities. We claim our disabilities with pride as part of our identity. We are who we are: we are people with disabilities.”
What Is Disability Culture?
Dance performance where a man using a wheelchair is holding a woman in a gymnastics movement.
37
Disability Culture &
Pride
Brown, S. E. (2003). Movie stars and sensuous scars: Essays on the journey from disability shame to disability pride. pp. 80-81. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, Inc.
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38
Discussion 3
1. Which of these models of Disability is most practical to you? Which model is most appealing?
2. Which of these models of Disability do you think is most widely used? Why?
3. Is there another model you would add? If so, what would it be and how
would you explain it?
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Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
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Introduction Disability, Multiculturalism and Diversity
Cultural Diversity
This curricula is intended to provide information to assist faculty in working successfully with a diverse student
body.
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Postsecondary Education References
39
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Multiculturalism
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Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
Goals
To discuss postsecondary education and students with disabilities.
To explore the
significance of colleges
and universities
on the lives of students with disabilities.
Objectives
To learn more about disability rights laws
such as the Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation
Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA).
To learn more about barriers and supports
in the university system for
students with disabilities.
40
Students with Disabilities in Postsecondary Education
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Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
1. How are accommodations in college different from the services provided to students with disabilities in high school?
The law that governs access to primary and secondary education for children with disabilities, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (formerly the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or IDEA, which is still used to describe this Act) requires that educational institutions identify students with disabilities and provide them with specific services and modifications.
This differs from the civil rights laws that govern access to postsecondary education for adults with disabilities, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which require students to self-identify as having a disability and negotiate their individual accommodations.
41
Common Questions About Postsecondary Students with Disabilities
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Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
In order to receive supports and accommodations in the postsecondary classroom, a student with a disability has to become a strong self-advocate who must first choose whether they want to disclose their disability. The process of identification and accommodation negotiation can be extremely difficult and intimidating, especially if a student does not have prior experience advocating for themselves or is not aware of the postsecondary support provision process.
42
Common Questions About Postsecondary Students with Disabilities
2. Who is responsible for identifying whether or not a student has a disability?
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Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
Many college students choose not to disclose their disability or ask for accommodations because they want to try and “make it own their own” or because they fear that disclosure of a disability will cause faculty to view them as incompetent.
Despite the difficulty that self-disclosure sometimes presents, neither representatives of the postsecondary institution nor faculty members can legally ask a student if they have a disability. This is considered confidential information that is treated with the same caution as medical information.
43
Common Questions About Postsecondary Students with Disabilities
3. Why would a student choose not to disclose their disability?
4. Who can disclose a student’s disability?
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Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
A hidden or invisible disability is one that typically cannot be seen by the casual observer, such as Learning Disabilities (LD), emotional and psychiatric disabilities, or Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD).
AIDS
Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Cancer
Chronic Fatigue SyndromeDiabetes
Epilepsy
Hypertension
Learning DisabilitiesLupus
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities/Environmental Illness
Psychiatric Disability
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
5. What is a “hidden disability”?
44
Common Questions About Postsecondary Students with Disabilities
Some examples of disabilities that are often hidden or invisible are below:
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Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
Students attending postsecondary institutions who seek services from a Disability Student Services office must provide some kind of proof of their disability. This is referred to as “documenting your disability.” Documentation often requires the student to seek verification from a medical doctor or other professional at their own expense.
6. What is a “ documented disability”?
A stethoscope on a medical report45
Common Questions About Postsecondary Students with Disabilities
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Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
1. What are the principle differences between IDEA and ADA?
2. Is it legal or appropriate to ask a student about their disability?
3. What can you do to assist a student with a disability to succeed? Would you do anything differently for a multicultural student with a disability?
46
Discussion 4
Girl sitting and thinking with her head in her hand.
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Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
47
Evaluation
You can evaluate this module by clicking on the following link Click Here
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Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
Menu
Introduction Disability, Multiculturalism and Diversity
Cultural Diversity
This curricula is intended to provide information to assist faculty in working successfully with a diverse student
body.
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Postsecondary Education
References
48
Colored handprintsColored handprints
Multiculturalism
Back Home Return Forward
Home
Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
• Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended. Retrieved from http://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm
• Behavioral scripts (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March14,2011. from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_script
• Brown, S. E. (2003). Movie stars and sensuous scars: Essays on the journey from disability shame to disability pride. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, Inc.
• Center on Disability Studies. (2007-2008) Hidden disabilities. Retrieved from http://www.ist.hawaii.edu/training/hiddendisabilities/
• Cushner, K., McClelland, A., and Safford, P. (1996). Human diversity in education: An integrative approach. New York: McGraw-Hill
49
References
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Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
• Goode, T., Sockalingam, S., Bronheim, S., Brown, M., and Jones, W. (2000). A planner's guide: Infusing principles, content and themes related to cultural and linguistic competence into meetings and conferences. Washington, DC: National Center for Cultural Competence. Retrieved from http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/culture/cuindex.htm
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004. Public Law 108-446. Retrieved from
http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgibin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ446.108
• Leake, D. (2009, January). Overview of Western vs. Non-Western Conceptions. A lecture at DIS 681. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Honolulu. HI
• Newby, W. (2005). Voices from the classroom. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 120, 598-602.
50
References
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Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
• Pedersen, D. B. (1991). Multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 6-11.
• Scott, S., McGuire, J., & Shaw, S. (2003). Universal design for instruction: A new paradigm for adult instruction in postsecondary
education. Remedial and Special Education, 24, 369-379.
• Stonik, P. and Jezewski, M. (2005). Culture and the disability services. In J. Stone (Ed), Culture and disability : providing culturally
competent services (p.21). California: SAGE
• The Chronicle of Higher Education. (2008). Almanac, 2008-9, 1, 3-35.
• Values. (2011). Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved March 14, 2011, from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/value
51
References
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Introduction
Multiculturalism Awareness Quiz
Multiculturalism
Understanding Your Own Cultural
Multicultural Perspectives
Discussion 1
Disability, Multicultural, and Diversity Facts
Socializing Agents
Sources of Cultural Identity
Discussion 2
Theoretical Perspectives About Disability
Models
Discussion 3
Postsecondary Education
Common Questions
Discussion 4
References
Project Coordinators
Steven E. Brown, [email protected]
Megan Conway, [email protected]
Project CoordinatorsTeaching all Students, Reaching all Learners
Website address: www.ist.hawaii.edu
A picture of Dr. Steven Brown
A picture of Dr. Megan Conway
For More Information, Contact:
52End