Babakin Space Center, Space Research Insitute, Makeev Rocket Design Bureau
COSMOS ONE: THE FIRST SOLAR SAIL
a project of
The Planetary Society
with Cosmos Studios
Cosmos 1 – Major Players• The Planetary Society: Louis Friedman -- Project Director• Cosmos Studios: Ann Druyan -- Project Sponsor• The Arts & Entertainment Network – Project Co-sponsor• Babakin Space Center: K. Pichkhadze, V. Kudyrashov – System • Space Research Institute, RAS: V. Linkin, V. Gotlib - Electronics• James Cantrell -- Contract Manager• Greg Delory, UCB -- Data System Manager• Bud Schurmeier -- Review Chair• Malin Space Science Systems – Imaging• Ecliptic Enterprises – Project Operations Support• Launch vehicle: Volna, from the Makeev Rocket Design Bureau• UCB Space Sciences Laboratory – additional ground station • Web Site, Public Relations – Zoomwerks, Warren Betts; and The
Planetary Society staff
The Stories of Cosmos 1
Swords into plowshares
Russian – American friendships
Non-governmental “we make it happen” organization
Cosmos 1 - Goal
• To achieve the first solar sail flight
• All other goals are secondary– Pictures of Sail and Earth from orbit– Technological data – Duration of flight
“We have lingered for too long on the shores of the cosmic ocean; it’s time to set sail for the stars.”
Carl Sagan
Solar SailingWhy?
• Pathway to the Stars
• Interplanetary travel without fuel
• Gossamer technology
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
VOLNA LAUNCH VEHICLEVOLNA LAUNCH VEHICLEMakeev Rocket Design Bureau and Russian NavyMakeev Rocket Design Bureau and Russian Navy
LV VOLNA is being developed on the base of SLBM SS-N-18. For providing the
orbital launches the LV is equipped with solid kick-motor. Payload of the LV VOLNA is
accommodated in a protected capsule mounted in the warhead section of the SLBM.
Basic characteristics
Number of stages ………… 3
Launch weight, t …….…… 35.3
Overall dimensions of LV, m:
– length …………………… 14.1
– diameter ………………… 1.8
Launch pad…….…………..submarine
Performance
Launch place Barents Pacific Sea Ocean
Orbital type Circular Circular
Orbital altitude, km 600 900
Inclination, deg 70 – 80 52
Payload mass, kg 50 50
MIRV bus(3-rd stage)
Payload area
2-nd stagefuel tank
2-nd stageoxidizer tank
2-nd stageengine
1-st stageoxidizer tank
1-st stagefuel tank
1-st stageengine
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
Loading the Volna on to the Submarine
Borisoglebsk
The Launch
Sub-orbital Flight Result20 July 2001
• Partial success:– New launch team developed– Payload integration and testing,
accommodation– Sail payload development– Babakin adds: “launch from the submarine”
• Partial failure– No deployment test
COSMOS 1: THE FIRST SOLAR SAIL
2002-3 Orbital Mission
Orbital Mission Parameters
• Approximate initial orbit: 800 km circular• Inclination approximately 78 degrees• Ground tracking stations
– Bear’s Lake (S-band), Tarusa (UHF) near Moscow– University of California, Berkeley: S-band– Possibly NOAA in Fairbanks, Alaska
• Mission duration: sufficient to measure orbital energy increase in controlled flight from solar pressure (days); 1 month is design goal
Apogee kick impulse
T = 1153 s
VOLNA launch fromthe KALMAR (DELTA III) type submarine
VOLNA 1-st stage separation
VOLNA 2-ndstage ignition
VOLNA 2-ndstage separation3-rd stage ignition
Pressure reducinginside payloadcompartment 3-rd stage overturn.
Spacecraft separation.T = 378 s
Kick motor and protective cover
separation
Orientation to the Sun
Sail deployment
2-ND LAUNCH – SOLAR SAIL DEMONSTRATION FLIGHT2-ND LAUNCH – SOLAR SAIL DEMONSTRATION FLIGHTLAUNCH AND INJECTION PROFILE
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
Spacecraft spin-up. = 10 rad/s
Spacecraftspin-off
Solar sail operational orbit:
• inclination……………………………. 78.6°
• perigee altitude……………………. 832 km
• apogee altitude…………………….. 840 km
• orbital period……………………….. 104 min
Time of existence in the shadow…… 35 min
Insertion duration…………………….. 1168 s
Duration of the in-orbit operation…… 3 months
TPS motor
SOLAR SAIL SPACECRAFT GENERAL VIEWS
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTTHE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN
SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
Launch configuration Flight configuration
Apogee solidrocket kick motor
Protective cover
Antennas
Equipment bay
Solar array
Solar sail blades(stowed position)
Sun sensor
Attitude controlthrusters
Cameras
Orbital platform(sail is not shown) Sail deployed configuration
Solar sail blades
SOLAR SAIL SPACECRAFT IN DEVELOPMENT (1)
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
SOLAR SAIL BLADE IN DEVELOPMENT
COSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECTCOSMOS 1 SOLAR SAIL PROJECT
THE PLANETARY SOCIETY COSMOS STUDIOS BABAKIN SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTER SPACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE RAS
Publicity