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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI
Some of New Satellite
Applications and
Technological Advancements
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 3
1. Direct to The Home (DTH)
Satellite Broadcasting
DTH systems are designed to transmit entertainmentTV programming to home receiving Earth terminals(home receivers). This is a natural extension of TVdistribution by satellite, utilizing the area-coverageand single service provider features of the
technology. DTH systems, also called Direct Broadcast Satellite,
employ either the BSS allocations, which areintended for this use, or the FSS allocations as one ofa number of possible applications.
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 4
DTH Architecture
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 5
Major elements of DTH system
1. DTH satellites in GEO (one or more): Spacecraft construction
Launch services;
Launch and on-orbit insurance.
2. TT&C:
Controls the space segment and monitors spacecraft health;
Verifies that transmissions to satellite do not causeinterference;
Provided by satellite operator (usually a separate company);
Limited communication required between DTH networkoperator and satellite operator.
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 6
Major elements of DTH system
3. Broadcast center: Originates, acquires, and transmits program
material;
Generally centralized, with no or limited backup;
Part of conditional access system.
4. Customer service:
Billing and customer turn-on-off;
Customer assistance.
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 7
Digital DTH transmission system,
(based on the DVB-S model)
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 8
High-Power DTH Satellite Systems
High EIRP, typically 63 dBW; Fixed-frequency plan with 23-MHz transponders;
At least one satellite with five channels per country;
Circular polarization (left and right hand);
Fixed orbital spacing between satellites:
3 minimum separation;
9 for co-frequency assignments.
Satellites that serve different countries are colocatedwhere possible;
Maximum spacecraft reflector size of about 2m; Elliptical beams without shaping;
Mandated radiation levels into other countries.
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 9
High-Power DTH Receiver
Dish size no smaller than 0.9m (0.45 typicaltoday);
Receiver noise figure no lower than 9 dB (10
dB typical today);
Relatively poor cross-polarization ability;
Relatively poor angular discrimination
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 10
Comparison of DTH Systems
Around the World
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 11
DIRECTV Broadcasting Center in
Castle Rock, CO
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI
TELKOMVISION SATELLITE TV
12
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI 13
2. Satellite Radio Broadcast
It delivers a multiplexed combination of several audio programchannels transmitted directly to automobile receivers, portableradios, and homes using special frequency allocations in theregion of L- and S-bands. S-DARS overcomes the rangelimitation of terrestrial FM radio broadcasting and providesquality of sound comparable to other digital formats such as MP-
3 and possibly CD. WorldSpace pioneered the concept of broadcasting a radio
service from space and launched Afristar, their first operatingsatellite, in October 1998. then followed by XM Satellite Radio inthe United States in March 2001and Sirius Satellite Radio.
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI14
Basic architecture of a satellite digital
audio radio service (S-DARS)
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI16
2.1. The WorldSpace
The WorldSpace system is built on the premise of serving the needypopulations of the world, as divided into three regions: Africa and theMiddle East (AfriStar), Asia and the Pacific Rim (AsiaStar), and Centraland South America (CaribStar).
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI
World space radio receiver
17
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI18
System configuration in each region
The space segment: the satellite and its associated TT&Cfacilities needed to control the satellite;
The broadcast segment: the studios and feeder link systems touplink the programming to the space segment;
The radio segment: the individual receivers used by the public;
The mission segment: to control and monitor the broadcast
segment and the satellite payload. it is composed ofCommunication System Monitoring which receives all signalstransmitted by the satellite, controls the quality of the link interms of bit error rate, and controls the mapping of the programswith what is expected.
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI20
General block diagram of the
WorldSpace communications payload
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI21
Radio receiver block diagram and example of
WorldSpace receiver from Sony
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI22
2.2. Sirius Satellite Radio
Sirius Satellite Radio is a commercial radio broadcasting company
using non GEO, headquartered in New York City. Sirius provide aprogramming package within a total of about 5 Mbps comprising 100audio channels, half of which are music and half of which are talkradio. Using advanced digital recording systems, the music may beassembled off-line for later playback and without advertising. Thetalk formats include standard services like Fox News Channel and
CNN along with a variety of shows to appeal across a spectrum ofinterests.
The satellite and network control functions are also provided in NewYork using automation onboard the spacecraft as well as withincomputers at the headquarters. Tracking, telemetry, and commandstations are located near the equator in Quito, Ecuador, and Utive,Panama; these locations see the entire orbit and each have twoantennas to allow for one spare across the system to maintaincoverage.
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI23
Sirius orbital configuration
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI24
The Sirius orbital ground track allows the three satellites to be visible above
North Americaat least two satellites are visible at any one time. TT&C
stations are located near the equator to provide continuous view of the three
satellites
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI25
Sirius satellite fully deployed
Si i i i l d
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI26
Sirius communications payload
block diagram
Si i S DARS d li
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI27
Sirius S-DARS delivery system
architecture
T i l Si i i
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI28
Typical Sirius receiver
block diagram
B i Li k B d t f Si i
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI29
Basic Link Budget for Sirius
Satellite Radio
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI30
Antenna Technology(Mobile Broadcasting Corporation of Japan)
Sk Fi di it d i t ll ti
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI31
SkyFi radio unit and installation
options, by Delphi Electronics.
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FAKULTAS ELEKTRO & KOMUNIKASI
The End