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Autotrophs/Producers
• A groups of organisms that can use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food)
• Autotrophs are also called Producers because they produce all of the food that heterotrophs use
• Without autotrophs, there would be no life on this planet
• Ex. Plants and Algae
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Autotrophs/Producers
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Autotrophs/Producers
• Chemotrophs– Autotrophs that get their energy from
inorganic substances, such as salt– Live deep down in the ocean where there is
no sunlight– Ex. Bacteria and Deep Sea Worms
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Heterotrophs/Consumers
• Organisms that do not make their own food
• Another term for Heterotroph is consumer because they consume other organisms in order to live
• Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Mushrooms
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Heterotrophs/Consumers
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Heterotrophs/Consumers
• Consumers– 1. Scavengers/Detritivores – feed on the
tissue of dead organisms (both plans and animals)
• Ex. – Vultures, Crows, and Shrimp
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Heterotrophs/Consumers
• Consumers– 2. Herbivores – eat ONLY plants
• Ex. – Cows, Elephants, Giraffes
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Heterotrophs
• Consumers– 3. Carnivores – eat ONLY meat
• Ex. – Lions, Tigers, Sharks
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Heterotrophs
• Consumers– 4. Omnivores – eat BOTH plants and
animals • Ex. – Bears and Humans
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Heterotrophs
• Consumers– 5. Decomposers – absorb any dead
material and break it down into simple nutrients or fertilizers
• Ex. – Bacteria and Mushrooms
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Transfer of Energy
• When a zebra eats the grass, it does not obtain all of the energy the grass has (much of it is not eaten)
• When a lion eats a zebra, it does not get all of the energy from the zebra (much of it is lost as heat)
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Food Chains• The energy flow from one trophic level to the
other is know as a food chain• A food chain is simple and direct• It involves one organism at each trophic level
– Primary Consumers – eat autotrophs (producers)– Secondary Consumers – eat the primary consumers– Tertiary Consumers – eat the secondary consumers– Decomposers – bacteria and fungi that break down
dead organisms and recycle the material back into the environment
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Food Chain
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Food Web
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Food Web
• Notice that the direction the arrow points the arrow points in the direction of the energy transfer, NOT “what ate what”
• The arrow indicates “is eaten by”
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Food Web
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Marine Food Webs
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Marine Food Web
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Forest/Rainforest Webs
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Forest/Rainforest Web
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Food Chains