G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Automotive Front Lighting
Roadmap GTB Front Lighting WG
GTB Document No. CE-4563 Date: 2011-03-01
Author: Dr. Rainer Neumann
Item 0.4
Chairman: Dr. Rainer Neumann
Secretary: Jean-Marc Prigent
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 2G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Automotive Front-Lighting
Agenda
Future TrendsFuture NeedsShort Term ActionsSummary & Outlook
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 3G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
04 05 06 07 08
Adaptive LEDLighting
05 06 07 0805 06 07 0805 06 07 08
•Halogen AFS•Dual Projector
2012+
•Bi-HID AFS
Driver Driver Assistance Assistance
SystemsSystems
Reduced Package
Reduced Weight
Headlamp Cleaning
Value• Increased Safety and Convenience• Improved Lighting Performance• Added Functionality• Brand Differentiation
Year of Availability
Automatic Levelling
LED ForwardLighting
•Bi-Functional HID with LED indicator lps
Path PredictionImproved Styling,
Performance, Functionality
Added Functionality, Full Lighting
Systems
Full Adaptive Lighting
Improved Performance/
Safety
Front Lighting Technology Market DemandsFront Lighting Technology Market DemandsLED Light
Source Modules
Standard
Camera
Car to Car Communication
Adaptive Driving Beam
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 4G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Bi-Xenon Full AFS Projector 70mm
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 5G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
• HID 25W SYSTEMS
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 6G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Bird‘s eye view – comparison of different beams• H7 projector
• Bi-HID 25W projector
• Bi-HID 35W projector
-40
20m L
20m R
20m L
20m R
20m L
20m R
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 7G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Technology Roadmap - Headlamp Global
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 8G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
04 05 06 07 08
Adaptive LEDLighting
05 06 07 0805 06 07 0805 06 07 08
•Halogen AFS•Dual Projector
2012+
•Bi-HID AFS
Driver Driver Assistance Assistance
SystemsSystems
Reduced Package
Reduced Weight
Headlamp Cleaning
Value• Increased Safety and Convenience• Improved Lighting Performance• Added Functionality• Brand Differentiation
Year of Availability
Automatic Levelling
LED ForwardLighting
•Bi-Functional HID with LED indicator lps
Path PredictionImproved Styling,
Performance, Functionality
Added Functionality, Full Lighting
Systems
Full Adaptive Lighting
Improved Performance/
Safety
Front Lighting Technology Market DemandsFront Lighting Technology Market DemandsLED Light
Source Modules
Standard
Camera
Car to Car Communication
Adaptive Driving Beam
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 9G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
LED Headlamp - Premium Class Vehicle
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 10G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Future Trends
• Green Car Initiative (Electrical / Hybrid vehicles) requires:
• Power Consumption Reduction• Fuel Consumption Reduction• CO2 Reduction• Weight Reduction• Long Life Time
Attractive Styling
LED
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 11G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Color – Effect
http://www.ass-cuna.org/Video1.wmv
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 12G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
04 05 06 07 08
Adaptive LEDLighting
05 06 07 0805 06 07 0805 06 07 08
•Halogen AFS•Dual Projector
2012+
•Bi-HID AFS
Driver Driver Assistance Assistance
SystemsSystems
Reduced Package
Reduced Weight
Headlamp Cleaning
Value• Increased Safety and Convenience• Improved Lighting Performance• Added Functionality• Brand Differentiation
Year of Availability
Automatic Levelling
LED ForwardLighting
•Bi-Functional HID with LED indicator lps
Path PredictionImproved Styling,
Performance, Functionality
Added Functionality, Full Lighting
Systems
Full Adaptive Lighting
Improved Performance/
Safety
Front Lighting Technology Market DemandsFront Lighting Technology Market DemandsLED Light
Source Modules
Standard
Camera
Car to Car Communication
Adaptive Driving Beam
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 13G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
LED Light Source Module (DRL/Driving Beam)
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 14G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
04 05 06 07 08
Adaptive LEDLighting
05 06 07 0805 06 07 0805 06 07 08
•Halogen AFS•Dual Projector
2012+
•Bi-HID AFS
Driver Driver Assistance Assistance
SystemsSystems
Reduced Package
Reduced Weight
Headlamp Cleaning
Value• Increased Safety and Convenience• Improved Lighting Performance• Added Functionality• Brand Differentiation
Year of Availability
Automatic Levelling
LED ForwardLighting
•Bi-Functional HID with LED indicator lps
Path PredictionImproved Styling,
Performance, Functionality
Added Functionality, Full Lighting
Systems
Full Adaptive Lighting
Improved Performance/
Safety
Front Lighting Technology Market DemandsFront Lighting Technology Market DemandsLED Light
Source Modules
Standard
Camera
Car to Car Communication
Adaptive Driving Beam
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 15G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Adaptive Driving Beam
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 16G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Driver Assistance Systems
http://www.ass-cuna.org/Video2.wmv
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 17G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Path Prediction Using GPS/Map Data
Curvature Point #20
(X,Y) GPS Coordinates
Curvature Point
Distance To The Curvature Point
TrafficDirection
Radius of Curvature at
the Curvature Point
Look-Ahead Distance
Every Curvature Point is associated with a curvature value, a distance value
Curvature Point [every minmum(LAD,next branching distance)/20]
Shape Points
Node
Curvature Point #1
Curvature Point #10
Look-ahead distance is a
function of speed (max=180 meters)
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 18G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Predictive AFS
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 19G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 20G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
04 05 06 07 08
Adaptive LEDLighting
05 06 07 0805 06 07 0805 06 07 08
•Halogen AFS•Dual Projector
2012+
•Bi-HID AFS
Driver Driver Assistance Assistance
SystemsSystems
Reduced Package
Reduced Weight
Headlamp Cleaning
Value• Increased Safety and Convenience• Improved Lighting Performance• Added Functionality• Brand Differentiation
Year of Availability
Automatic Levelling
LED ForwardLighting
•Bi-Functional HID with LED indicator lps
Path PredictionImproved Styling,
Performance, Functionality
Added Functionality, Full Lighting
Systems
Full Adaptive Lighting
Improved Performance/
Safety
Front Lighting Technology Market DemandsFront Lighting Technology Market DemandsLED Light
Source Modules
Standard
Camera
Car to Car Communication
Adaptive Driving Beam
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 21G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Car to Car Communication
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 22G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Traffic Conditions
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 23G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Future Needs
• There are two main categories, which we do have to cover fromlegislation point of view
1) Harmonization of legislation withall kind of light sources (Halogen, Xenon, LED) and all kind of light applicationsstandard dipped/main beam, AFS, LED-array generated or micro-mirror variation oflight distributions
2) Driver assistant lighting systems with external parameter variation of light pattern(e.g. Adaptive Driving Beam, Predictive AFS, Car to CarCommunication)
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 24G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Short Term Actions
• Automatic Levelling• Headlamp Cleaning• 2000 lm criterion
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 25G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Automotive Headlamps - Comparison Current Status
- x- x- XHeadlampCleaning
x x- x- X AutomaticLevelling
Halogen <2000lm >2000lm
LED <2000lm >2000lm
Xenon
<2000lm >2000lm
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 26G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
1. 2000 lm hurdle for automatic levelling andcleaning device was historically introduced to
avoid glare caused by high power Halogen bulbs (HIR bulbs)
2. There is and was no scientific argumentfor a 2000 lm definition and limit forwhatever automotive Front-Lighting request
3. This has caused some confusion andcoresponding special solutions avoiding
such an amount of light volume
2000 lm Criterion
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 27G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Bi-Xenon Light Distribution
Isoline Diagram on Screen
-4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 [deg]
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
[deg]
0.4 1.0 2.0 4.0 8.0 15.0 25.0 35.0 45.0 55.0 65.0 75.0 [lx]
5545352515
Glare situation for inclination: Cut-off ∆∆∆∆ = +0,5°
CIE TC 4.45 Rating
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 28G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
• The GTB Front Lighting Working Group Forum• Turin, Italy – 25 January 2011
• “The Contribution of Mandatory Installation • of Static Auto-Levelling to reduced glare”
• 6 Speakers, 40 GTB experts
• An Overview of the Main Points
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 29G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
• The GTB Front Lighting Working Group Forum• Turin, Italy – 25 January 2011
• Presenters
• Dr. Wolfgang Huhn: “Cost-Benefit Analysis of mandatory requirement of auto levelling”.
• Dr. Ernst-Olaf Rosenhahn: “Glare and Auto-Levelling: degree of influence and future outlook.”
• Paul-Henri Matha: “Reality of car production tolerances and automatic levelling involvement”
• Aurélie Darnoux: “Automatic Levelling: Safety aspects and real application in motor vehicles.”
• Dr. Tomasz Targosinski: “Aiming influence for visibility distance and glare”
• Dr. Thomas Reiners: “Headlamp cleaning effectiveness.”
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 30G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Factor Research Findings
Horizontal & Vertical Adjustment Process (Assembly line, Garage, Changes during use
PAL1999 – Huhn“Lichtest” Germany (2001 -2007)UK- VCA Survey 2007Motor Transport Institute – Warsaw, Poland
Dynamic Vehicle Movement: acceleration and braking
PhD Dissertation 1995 - Joachim Damasky
Geometry: Road curvature, driver‘s eye position Slopes and hills, bends, headlamp mounting height, etc.
PhD Dissertation 1995 - Joachim Damasky
Variation of load in passenger compartment, in trunk and due to weight of fuelStatic Automatic Levelling will only address these variations
UMTRI 2007Matha 2010Mobility Investigation 2008 (Funded by German MOT)GTB study 2011
Factors Influencing Passing Beam Misaim resulting in Increased Glare or Reduced Forward Visibility
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 31G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Different effects and tolerances in „real life“, which lead to glare or decreased range of headlamp light distributions:
Glare and Headlamp Levelling
horizontal & vertical adjustment process
(EOL, garage)
Variation of load in passenger compartment,
trunk, gasoline
Geometry: Road curvature, driver‘s eye position
Slopes and hills, bends, SUVs, trucks, etc.
Dynamic Vehicle Movement: acceleration and braking
Automatic Levelling
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 32G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Vertical Frequency Spectrum
adjustment tolerance
dynamic tolerances
geometrical influence
pitch angle by load
Summary
effect 90% interval 98% interval ∆(90%)
Adjustmenttoler.
± 0,39° ± 0,53° 0,78°
Vehicle load -0,1° … + 0,44°
- 0,13° …+0,61°
0,54°
Vehicledynamic
± 0,5° ± 0,71° 1°
Geometry ± 0,64° ± 0,95° 1,28°
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 33G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Additional Cost and Weight
• Differences between manual and automatic levelling :To set up the automatic levelling, we need to fit the vehicle with more wiring (cable harness), a calculator and two or more additional sensorsOnly the thumb wheel of the manual device can be removed
• These additional sensors and wiring will cost between 20 and 35 euros (up to 40 Euros for certain electronic designs of vehicle).Total costs of app. 500 Mio Euros per year in Europe !The thumb wheel is only around 3 Euros
• This automatic device weighs at least an additional 400-500g per vehicle
• This generates cost and weight which can only be imposed with a real safety justification
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 34G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
1. Headlamp Cleaning Device was introduced as a mandatory featurefirst in Sweden in 1973 as a comfort
feature (geographical situation, not toavoid discomfort glare)
2. First Introduction of Xenon in 1991 : Regulation required Cleaning Device
3. Application: operates in connection with windshield wipers
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 35G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Headlamp CleaningDisabilityDisability glareglare [Lx][Lx]
DegreeDegree of of DirtDirt [%][%]
Question: when is the cleaning process initiatedand how effective is the result ?
Recent Study by TU Darmstadt (2011)
GTB Document No. CE‐4563 36G T BG T BThe International Automotive Lightingand Light Signalling Expert Group
Groupe de Travail “Bruxelles 1952”
Summary & Outlook
• Front Lighting is developing rapidly• Regulation has to make sure, that innovations
will be approved and used to improve safetyat night
• Pro-active action has to be organized in order to be on time when innovations enter themarket
• Challenge to define future driving assistancesystems with many parameters precise, accurately, and as simple as possible