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AUTH SDGEE
August 24, 2016
Earthquake in Amatrice, Central Italy
Kyriazis Pitilakis
and the group of the Laboratory of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake
Geotechnical Engineering
Aristotle University
Thessaloniki, Greece.
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AUTH SDGEE
General
2
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AUTH SDGEE 3
Seismotectonics
Seismotectonics of the Mediterranean Region and Vicinity
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AUTH SDGEE 4
Seismotectonics
Billi et al, (2006), The Geological Society of America, Inc Palano (2014), Geophysics Journal International
Main faults in central Italy
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AUTH SDGEE 5
Historic Seismicity of the region
Large past events of magnitudes equal to or grater than Mw 4.5
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AUTH SDGEE 6
Boncio et al, (2004), Annals of Geophysics Valensise et al. (2003), Instituto Nazionale di
Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Large past events of the region
Historic Seismicity of the region
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AUTH SDGEE 7
Seismicity Hazard map of the region
Seismicity Hazard map of the Mediterranean Region
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AUTH SDGEE 8
Italian Civil Defense Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
Seismic Hazard map and National Seismic Zone of Italy
Seismicity Hazard map of the region
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AUTH SDGEE 9
Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale USGA
Predefined Vs30 map and Geological map of Italy
Seismicity Hazard map of the region
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AUTH SDGEE
Seismological aspects of the sequence
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AUTH SDGEE
Past regional seismicity
source: www.emsc-csem.org
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AUTH SDGEE 12
Earthquake details
Magnitude 6.2 Mw
Location
42.723°N 13.187°E
± 4.4 km
Depth 4.5 km± 2.8
Origin Time 2016-08-24
01:36:32.880 UTC
Number of Phases 167
Minimum Distance 13.7 km (0.12°)
Travel Time Residual 0.67 s
Azimuthal Gap 25°
FE Region CENTRAL ITALY (381)
source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/0
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AUTH SDGEE
Epicenter location
source: www.emsc-csem.org
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AUTH SDGEE
Focal mechanism
source: www.emsc-csem.org
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AUTH SDGEE
Aftershock sequence
source: www.emsc-csem.org
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AUTH SDGEE
Aftershock sequence
source: www.emsc-csem.org
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AUTH SDGEE
Aftershock sequence
source: www.emsc-csem.org
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AUTH SDGEE
Felt reports
source: www.emsc-csem.org
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AUTH SDGEE 19
Shake maps
source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/0
Intensity PGA
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AUTH SDGEE 20
Shake maps
source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/0
PSA 0.3s PSA 1.0s
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AUTH SDGEE 21
Fatalities – Economic losses (PAGER)
Estimated Fatalities
Estimated Economic Losses
source: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/0
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AUTH SDGEE
Recorded Strong Motion
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AUTH SDGEE
Recorded PGA
PGA (in gal) recorded at strong motion stations within 200 km from the epicentre
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
Epicentre
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AUTH SDGEE
Maximum recorded PGA
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it &
http://ran.protezionecivile.it/IT/index.php?evid=340867
The largest PGAs have been recorded at short epicentral distances (< 15 km) at the
stations:
Amatrice (AMT, 0.45 g, uncorrected value, E-W component),
Norcia (NRC, 0.38 g, N-S component)
Arquata del Tronto (RQT, 0.45 g, E-W component, N-S component not available)
Arquate del Tronto
Norcia
Amatrice
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AUTH SDGEE
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
Map of the Peak Ground Acceleration (max between horizontal components, in cm/s2)
Maximum recorded PGA
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AUTH SDGEE
Maximum recorded PGV
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
Map of the Peak Ground Velocity (max between horizontal components, in cm/s)
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AUTH SDGEE
Maximum recorded PGD
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
Map of the Peak Ground Displacement (max between horizontal components, in cm)
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AUTH SDGEE
source: Malhotra (2016) Ground Motion Records from M 6.2 Norcia, Italy Earthquake of
August 24, 2016 (accessed through ResearchGate on 16/09/2016)
Acceleration time histories recorded at Amatrice
Strong motion records - Amatrice
East-west component
Vertical component
North-south component
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AUTH SDGEE
Response spectra - Amatrice
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
East-west
component
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AUTH SDGEE
Response spectra - Amatrice
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
North-south
component
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AUTH SDGEE
Response spectra - Amatrice
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
Vertical
component
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AUTH SDGEE
source: Malhotra (2016) Ground Motion Records from M 6.2 Norcia, Italy Earthquake of
August 24, 2016 (accessed through ResearchGate on 16/09/2016)
Acceleration time histories recorded at Norcia
Strong motion records - Norcia
East-west component
Vertical component
North-south component
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AUTH SDGEE
Response spectra - Norcia
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
East-west
component
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AUTH SDGEE
Response spectra - Norcia
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
North-south
component
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AUTH SDGEE
Response spectra - Norcia
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
Vertical
component
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AUTH SDGEE
Response spectra - Amatrice
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
Pseudo-acceleration response spectra compared to the elastic spectra of Italian code
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AUTH SDGEE
Response spectra - Norcia
source: ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground
motion records, available at http://www.reluis.it .
Pseudo-acceleration response spectra compared to the elastic spectra of Italian code
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AUTH SDGEE 38
References
ReLUIS-INGV Workgroup (2016) Preliminary study of Rieti earthquake ground motion records, available at
http://www.reluis.it (last accessed: 16/9/2016)
Malhotra (2016) Ground Motion Records from M 6.2 Norcia, Italy Earthquake of August 24, 2016 (accessed
through ResearchGate on 16/09/2016)
Protezione Civile – Civil protection department of Italy: http://ran.protezionecivile.it/IT/index.php?evid=340867
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AUTH SDGEE
Structural damage
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AUTH SDGEE 40
An aerial view shows the damage in Amatrice
Structural damage
http://www.kpbs.org/photos/2016/aug/24/84839/
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AUTH SDGEE 41
A view of a square in the centre of Amatrice in the province of Lazio
Structural damage
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/before-and-after-pictures-of-italian-towns-
devastated-by-deadly-earthquake
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AUTH SDGEE 42
Structural Damage to municipal buildings in Arquata del Tronto
Structural damage
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/before-and-after-pictures-of-italian-towns-
devastated-by-deadly-earthquake
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AUTH SDGEE 43
View of the central square in Arquata del Tronto
Structural damage
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/before-and-after-pictures-of-italian-towns-
devastated-by-deadly-earthquake
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AUTH SDGEE 44
Structural damage- Complete collapse
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AUTH SDGEE 45
Structural damage- Collapse of RC building
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AUTH SDGEE 46
Structural damage – RC joints
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AUTH SDGEE 47
Structural damage – RC joints
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AUTH SDGEE 48
Structural damage – RC building
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AUTH SDGEE 49
Structural damage – RC building
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AUTH SDGEE 50
Structural damage – Masonry building
Cracks and tilting mechanism in a masonry building
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AUTH SDGEE 51
Structural damage – Masonry buildings
Collapse of the outer layer of a
masonry wall
Cracks and minor damage to masonry
building
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AUTH SDGEE 52
Collapse of the perimeter wall
Structural damage – Masonry buildings
Diagonal cracks on a masonry building
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AUTH SDGEE 53
Diagonal cracks to masonry
Structural damage – Masonry buildings
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AUTH SDGEE 54
Shear failure and detachment of masonry
Structural damage – Masonry buildings
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AUTH SDGEE 55
Masonry infills
Extensive damage to masonry infills
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AUTH SDGEE 56
Masonry infills
Diagonal cracks to masonry infills
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AUTH SDGEE 57
Masonry infills
Diagonal cracks to masonry infills
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AUTH SDGEE
Non-structural damage
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AUTH SDGEE 59
Non structural damage
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AUTH SDGEE 60
Damage to the chimney
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AUTH SDGEE 61
References
F. Celano, M, Cimmino, O. Coppola, G. Magliulo, P. Salzano, 2016. Report dei danni registrati a seguito
del terremoto del Centro Italia del 24 agosto 2016 (Release 1). Available at http:www.reluis.it
G. Santarsiero, L. Chiauzzi, A. Masi, 2016. Analisi del danneggiamento di edifici situati nella zona sub del
comune di amatrice (Ri): Confronto pre e post sisma del 24/08/2016 (Versione V2). Universita degli Studi
della Basilicata- Scuola di Ingegneria Consorzio Interuniveritario ReLUIS.
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AUTH SDGEE
Monumental structures
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AUTH SDGEE 63
https://news.artnet.com/art-world/devastation-cultural-heritage-
italy-earthquake-621044
Monumental structures
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AUTH SDGEE 64
https://news.artnet.com/art-world/devastation-cultural-heritage-
italy-earthquake-621044
Monumental structures
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AUTH SDGEE 65
http://heavy.com/news/2016/08/amatrice-italy-history-
map-earthquake-mayor-pasta-amatriciana-population-
location-art-historic-landmark-church-artifacts/
Monumental structures
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AUTH SDGEE 66
Monumental structures
http://heavy.com/news/2016/08/amatrice-italy-history-
map-earthquake-mayor-pasta-amatriciana-population-
location-art-historic-landmark-church-artifacts/
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AUTH SDGEE 67
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/earthquake-
italy-tears-historic-church-basilica-article-1.2766021
Monumental structures
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AUTH SDGEE 68
http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/world/article/Lost
-heritage-Quake-deals-blow-to-Italy-s-art-
9190060.php#photo-10843229
Basilica di San Francesco in Amatrice
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AUTH SDGEE 69
Basilica di San Francesco in Amatrice
http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/world/article/Lost-
heritage-Quake-deals-blow-to-Italy-s-art-9190060.php#photo-
10843229
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AUTH SDGEE 70
Saint Agostino church in Amatrice
http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/world/article/Lost-
heritage-Quake-deals-blow-to-Italy-s-art-9190060.php#photo-
10843229
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AUTH SDGEE 71
San Giovanni church in Amatrice
http://www.michigansthumb.com/news/world/article/Lost-
heritage-Quake-deals-blow-to-Italy-s-art-9190060.php#photo-
10843229
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AUTH SDGEE
Lifelines utilities / Schools / Hospitals /
Networks
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AUTH SDGEE 73
Lifelines Utilities
Interruptions to lifelines such as water and sewer systems,
energy lines, roads, and telecommunications systems
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AUTH SDGEE 74
Public Buildings (School)
Amatrice
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AUTH SDGEE 75
Public Buildings (Hospital)
Near Amatrice • extensive diagonal
cracks in the walls and
• inside the ceilings have
fallen in
http://miyamotointernational.com/central-italy-earthquake-journal-day-3/
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AUTH SDGEE 76
Road Network
Accumoli
P. Karydis, E. Lekkas, S. Mavroulis, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens
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AUTH SDGEE 77
Road Network
Amatrice
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AUTH SDGEE 78
Road Network
Arquata del Tronto
Google (before);
Giuseppe Bellini/Getty Images (after)
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AUTH SDGEE 79
Road Network
Giuseppe Bellini/Getty Images
Arquata del Tronto
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AUTH SDGEE 80
Road Network
Pescara del Tronto
Google (before);
Epa / Christiano Chiodi (after)
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AUTH SDGEE
Damages related to ground failures
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AUTH SDGEE 82
Landslides
http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/
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AUTH SDGEE 83
Landslides
http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/
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AUTH SDGEE 84
Landslides
http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/
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AUTH SDGEE 85
Rock Falls
http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/
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AUTH SDGEE 86
Rock Falls
Pre- and
Post- earthquake
rock wall at the
Corno Piccolo
(Gran Sasso Massif)
http://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/
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AUTH SDGEE 87
Rock Falls
from field reconnaissance conducted by INGV
Road network interruption
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AUTH SDGEE 88
Ruptures Along the Mt. Vettore fault
from field reconnaissance conducted by INGV
• Surface fractures
• Slope displacements:
maximum 15-20 cm
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AUTH SDGEE
Losses in economic sector
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AUTH SDGEE
Economic Losses
An early estimate from the Italian Civil Protection Department :
economic losses of around $11 billion
This estimate likely includes full rebuilding costs
Insured losses expected to be 10% of economic losses
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AUTH SDGEE
Estimated Economic Losses
Red alert level for economic losses.
Extensive damage and widespread disaster.
Estimated economic losses are less than 1% of GDP of Italy.
Past events with this alert level have required a national or
international level response.
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us10006g7d#pager
According to USGS: