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Aug 12, 2007 WebKDD and 1st SNA-KDD Workshop
Why We Twitter?Understanding Microblogging Usage and
CommunitiesAkshay Java
Tim Finin
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Xiaodan Song
Belle Tseng
NEC Laboratories America Inc.
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
What is Twitter?
Micro-Blogging, Social Networking Service Users send updates/tweets via SMS, IM or Web Light-weight blogging, short posts
(140 characters or less)
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
What is Twitter?
Easily share status messagesEasily share status messages
Twitter post
Current Status
Friends
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
MICRO-BLOGS
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Ambient Intimacy
“Ambient intimacy is about being able to keep in touch with people with a level of regularity and intimacy that you wouldn’t usually have access to, because time and space conspire to make it impossible. “
- Leisa Reichelt Twitter, Flickr and other Social Media sites.
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Twitter! Twitter! Twitter!
Disclaimer: No association to Twitter Inc/ Obvious corp.Disclaimer: No association to Twitter Inc/ Obvious corp.
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Motivation
Goal: Study Micro-blogging usage, user-intentions and community structure.
Motivation:– What is the excitement about?– What is the user-intention in micro-blogging?– How is this form of communication different?
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Outline
Why We Twitter?Why We Twitter?
Micro-blogging Usage
Micro-blogging Usage
User IntentionsUser Intentions
Community-based Intentions
Community-based Intentions
Content-basedIntentions
Content-basedIntentions
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Social Media
Social media describes the online technologies and practices that people use to share opinions, insights, experiences, perspectives with each other.
~ Wikipedia 07
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Social Media
Social media describes the online technologies and practices that people use to share opinions, insights, experiences, perspectives and engage with each other.
Examples:
Blogs, Wikis, Flickr, YouTube, Micro-blogs…
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Outline
Why We Twitter?Why We Twitter?
Micro-blogging Usage
Micro-blogging Usage
User IntentionsUser Intentions
Community-based Intentions
Community-based Intentions
Content-basedIntentions
Content-basedIntentions
USAGE
• Popularity of Twitter?
• Is it very different from blogs?
• What is it’s adoption across the world?
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Dataset Description
Constructed by monitoring the Public timeline of posts 2 month period (04/07-05/07) 1,348,543 posts 76,177 Users 829,053 friend relation between them Used the Twitter API for accessing user social network
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
The Twitter Phenomenon
Twitter’s popularity increased after winning the Web award at SXSW conference, March 2007.
Currently, Twitter is the most popular micro-blogging tool.Currently, Twitter is the most popular micro-blogging tool.Source: ComScore
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Growth Rate
Slow down in growth of new users joining the network.
Slow down in growth of new users joining the network.
Dedicated user-base generating new updates/tweets.
Dedicated user-base generating new updates/tweets.
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Network Statistics
Degree distributions similar to Blogs, Web…Degree distributions similar to Blogs, Web…
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Network Statistics
However, higher reciprocal linking and clustering coefficient indicates mutual acquaintance.However, higher reciprocal linking and clustering coefficient indicates mutual acquaintance.
Network Statistics
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
User Retention
ACTIVE
RETAINED
User has at least one post in the week
Active user, who reposts the following week
Shows a continued activity and retention on TwitterShows a continued activity and retention on Twitter
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Geographical SpreadCross Continent Social Network
Continental Network Properties
Top Cities: Tokyo, NY, SF, Seattle, LA, Chicago, Toronto, Austin, Singapore, Madrid
Global popularityGlobal popularity
Social network crosses geographical boundaries
Social network crosses geographical boundaries
Higher reciprocity in Europe and AsiaHigher reciprocity in Europe and Asia
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Outline
Why We Twitter?Why We Twitter?
Micro-blogging Usage
Micro-blogging Usage
User IntentionsUser Intentions
Community-based Intentions
Community-based Intentions
Content-basedIntentions
Content-basedIntentions
USER INTENTION
• What are we using Twitter for?
• Are there communities?
• If so, what are the community-level intentions?
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
User IntentionsUsing Link Structure:
– Information source Such users have a number of followers ( include bots like forecast, stock, CNN breaking news, etc.)
– Information seeker Such users may post infrequently, but have a number of connections
– Friendship relation Most user’s social network is within mutual acquaintances
Using Content:– Daily chatter dinner, work, movie…
– Conversations (@) Reply to a specific person @ev
– Sharing URLs Sharing URLs through tinyURL
– Commenting on News Number of automated RSS to Twitter bots posting news
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Communities in Twitter First find Hubs and
Authorities using HITS Consider only bidirectional
links Clique Percolation Method
(CPM) to find overlapping communities
A-list bloggers and personalities are on Twitter
Scobleizer, SteveRubel, JasonCalacanis, SteveJobs
JohnEdwards, BarakObama, et al.
Hubs and Authorities
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Clique Percolation Method (CPM)
Basic Idea
Two nodes belong to the same community if they can be connected through adjacent k-cliques.
I. Derenyi, G. Palla, and T. Vicsek. Clique percolation in random networks. Physical Review Letters, 94:160202, 2005.G. Palla, I. Derenyi, I. Farkas, and T. Vicsek. Uncovering the overlapping community structure of complex networks in
nature and society. Nature, 435:814, 2005.
Example Gaming Community
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
com:175 twitter:134just:133 like:86good:82 tinyurl:75time:74 new:74jasona:73 going:68day:63 don:61work:58 think:56ll:54 scottw:54today:52 hkarthik:50nice:49 getting:47got:47 really:46yeah:44 need:43watching:41 love:41night:40 home:40
com:93 twitter:74just:35 new:32tinyurl:29 going:24ll:22 blog:21jaiku:21 don:21leo:21 flickr:21like:19 video:18google:18 today:18feeds:18 getting:16yeah:16 good:15people:15
com:93 twitter:76 tinyurl:34just:32 new:28 video:26going:24 ll:22 jaiku:22blog:21 leo:21 like:19don:19 gamerandy:19 yeah:18google:17 live:16 people:16got:16 know:15 time:15
com:121 twitter:76 just:50ustream:43 tv:42 live:42today:39 hawaii:36 day:33new:33 time:33 good:33video:32 leo:30 work:30like:28 watching:28 tinyurl:28
com:198 twitter:132 just:109tinyurl:87 going:59 blog:56like:55 good:51 new:50url:50 day:49 people:46time:45 today:45 google:42don:41 think:40 night:38ll:38 need:35 got:33ireland:33 great:31 looking:29work:29 thanks:28 video:26
INFORMATION
HUB
Information Source: Communities connected via Robert Scoble, an A-list bloggerInformation Source: Communities connected via Robert Scoble, an A-list blogger
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Key Termsgoing:222 just:218work:170 night:143bed:140 time:139good:137 com:130lost:124 day:122home:112
listening:111 today:100 new:98got:97 gspn:92watching:92 kids:88morning:81 twitter:79getting:77 tinyurl:75lunch:74 like:72podcast:72 watch:71ready:70 tv:69need:64 live:61tonight:61 trying:58love:58 cliff:58dinner:56
Key Terms just:312 com:180
work:180 time:149listening:147 home:145going:139 day:134got:126 today:124good:116 bed:114night:112 tinyurl:97getting:88 podcast:87dinner:85 watching:83like:78 mass:78lunch:72 new:72ll:70 tomorrow:69ready:64 twitter:62working:61 tonight:61morning:58 need:58great:58 finished:55tv:54
INFORMATION
BRIDGE
Information Source, Information Seeker: Different roles in different communitiesInformation Source, Information Seeker: Different roles in different communities
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
STAR NETWORKS /
SMALL CLIQUES
Friendship-relation: Small groups among friends/co-workersFriendship-relation: Small groups among friends/co-workers
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Outline
Why We Twitter?Why We Twitter?
Micro-blogging Usage
Micro-blogging Usage
User IntentionsUser Intentions
Community-based Intentions
Community-based Intentions
Content-basedIntentions
Content-basedIntentions
USER INTENTION
• What are the distinctive terms?
• Are there any trends?
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Wisdom of the Crowds
log-likelihood ratio
Popular topics: Activities, Current Events, TV shows/EntertainmentPopular topics: Activities, Current Events, TV shows/Entertainment
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Twittermenthttp://twitterment.umbc.eduSearch and Trend analytics on TwittersphereSearch and Trend analytics on Twittersphere
lunch dinnerwork
lunch
dinner
coffee
chipotle
panera
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Outlook on Micro-Blogging
The future is here!
Twitter,Jaiku,Pownce,FaceBook Status message is now public
– Ambient intimacy– Information sharing
Thoughts on new applications– Users can play different roles in different communities
– Number of updates received can be quite overwhelming
– New tools and services would benefit from allowing greater personalization based on user-intentions
e.g. Separating work and friend social network
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Conclusions First study of the Microblogging phenomenon. Popularity of Micro-blogging due to the combined benefits of
– Light-weight blogging – and the ability to share information in the social network.
Main user-intentions– Information sharing– Information seeking– Friendship– Users generated content includes:
Status updates, daily chatter, sharing links/News, etc. Future Work
– Automatically classifying the different intentions.– Finding frequent patterns in community structure.
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Thank You! Questions?
Thanks to Twitter Inc. for providing the Twitter API.
http://twitter.com/akshayjava
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
Backup Slides
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Aug 12, 2007 Akshay Java
User Intentions