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Chapter 7Auditory System
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The Stimulus
Sound is produced /y o/ects that i/rate and set molecules o- airinto motion.
Sound traels appro+imately 700 miles per hour.
1umans are sensitie to i/rations /eteen %0 and 20,000times per second.
3 i/rations o- air are perceied as sounds
Pitch:
A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to thefundamental frequency of the stimulus.
Hertz:
Cycles per second
oudness:A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the intensity
of the stimulus.
Tim!re:
A perceptual dimension of sound; corresponds to the
complexity of the stimulus.
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AuditionAnatomy o- the ar
#inna5
The e+ternal ear that e can see* collects sound -romthe enironment.
Tympanic mem/rane5 The eardrum* i/rates hen stimulated /y sound
aes. 6ssicles5 The /ones o- the middle ear. Trans-er i/rations -rom
mem/rain to Cochlea "alleus:The #hammer$% the first of the three ossicles;
attached to the tympanic mem!rane. &ncus:The #an'il%; located !et(een the malleus and the
stapes )tapes:The #stirrup$% the third ossicle; attached to the o'al
(indo( of the cochlea.
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Audition
Anatomy o- the ar
The cochlea contains three spiral cham/ers5
Scala esti/uli5 Contains the round indo.
Scala media5 Contains the organ o- Corti.
Scale tympani5 Contains the oal indo.
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Audition
Anatomy o- the ar
6rgan o- Corti5
The sensory organ on the /asilar mem/rane thatcontains the auditory hair cell* considered thereceptie organ o- the auditory system. Sends signalsto the /rain ia auditory nere
1air cell5 The sensory receptie cell o- the auditory apparatus.
9eiter cell5
A supporting cell -ound in the organ o- Corti* sustainsthe auditory hair cells.
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Audition
Anatomy o- the ar
Basilar mem/rane5
A mem/rane in the cochlea o- the inner ear* containsthe organ o- Corti.
Tectorial mem/rane5
A mem/rane located a/oe the /asilar mem/rane*seres as a shel- against hich the cilia o- the auditoryhair cells moe.
:ound indo5An opening in the /one o- the cochlea that permits
i/rations to /e transmitted, ia the oal indo, intothe -luid o- the cochlea.
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Copyright $ 2004 Allyn and Bacon;