![Page 1: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Auditory Illusions
Phy103 Physics of Music
![Page 2: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
J. S. Bach's canon per tonus
A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from Johann Sebastian Bach's Musical Offering. The melody rises two half-tones each time the canon is repeated (this should illustrate the rising glory of Frederick the Great to whom the Musical Offering was dedicated). The canon starts in C minor. After the first run it ends in D minor, so the second turn begins two half-tones higher than the first one. When the canon is repeated further, it begins in: c1, d1, e1, f#1, g#1, bb1, c2, d2.
![Page 3: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Canon circularis per tonos (Bach)A musical offering
![Page 4: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Descending Pitch Illusion
http://asa.aip.org/demo27.html
time
freq
uenc
y
![Page 5: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Falling bellsPitch is actually rising even though it sounds like it is falling
From: http://listverse.com/2008/02/29/top-10-incredible-sound-illusions/
interesting in stereo too
time
freq
uenc
y
![Page 6: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Endless rising
pitches
• Each tone contains separations 7/6 of an octave with an envelope that is fixed
• Each tone is shifted by 100 cents or 1 semitone
“Shepard tones”
timefr
eque
ncy
![Page 7: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Opening song from anime series GunXsword
time
frequency
![Page 8: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A Melody of Silenceshttp://www.kyushu-id.ac.jp/~ynhome/ENG/Demo/illusions.html
c2000 Yoshitaka Nakajima
time
note
s
![Page 9: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Reflection as a compositional theme
• Bartok “Subject and Reflection”, Mikrokosmos, vol 6, #141 played by Jeno Jando
• Can your ear pick out the reflective tonal symmetry without seeing the music?
• Two melodies played one goes up while the other goes down and vice versa
![Page 10: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Now with the music
![Page 11: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Now with the spectrum?
• Is the reflective tonal symmetry obvious in the spectrum?• Compare how easy it is to SEE this pattern compared to
how easy it is to HEAR this pattern
time
freq
uuen
cy
![Page 12: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Can we pick out time reversal symmetry (tune followed by itself
played in reverse order)?
Without the music Anton Webern, Opus 27
![Page 13: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reflection in time-- now with the musicAxis of symmetry is a time
Example from Larry Solomon)Anton Webern, Opus 27
![Page 14: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Earthquakes from somewhere in Ethiopia – Cindy Ebinger
• Original file sampled to 50Hz• We multiplied by 400 to 20KHz• 2 hours of data reduced to 18s
reversed
BOVE
No time reversal symmetry in hearing due to echo suppression
time
freq
uenc
y
![Page 15: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Overlapping piano tones
• forward
• backwardoverlaps aren’t heard
in forward but are heard in backward
Echo suppression
time
freq
uenc
y
wav
efor
m
![Page 16: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
More on echo suppression• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7At6BhGOQzo
• He's a Pirate - IMPOSSIBLE REMIX
• https://plus.google.com/u/0/wm/4/+BobGmbH3000/about
![Page 17: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sensory Integration Illusion
What you see affects what you hear
McGurk effect
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFPtc8BVdJk
Music dubbing is very convincing
![Page 18: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bESGLojNYSo
Lady Gaga exploiting the McGurk Effect?
![Page 19: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Phantom or Combination tones
oTwo tones are played, one at 1000 Hz, the other rises linearly from 1000 Hz to 1400 Hz.
Listen for a third, downward moving tone
Thanks to Nate Zuk (though I am not sure where the demo file came from)
freq
uenc
y
time
1kHz-
0Hz-
2kHz-
![Page 20: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Phantom or combination tones• Non-linearity in the ear produce tones at sums
and differences of multiples of frequencies
• Two tones with frequencies f1, f2
• You might hear f1+f2, f1-f2, or 2f1-f2
time
1kHz-
0Hz-
2kHz-
f2=At+1kHz
f1=1kHz2f1--f2=1kHz-At phantom tone
![Page 21: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Timing and music
Scott Joplin’s The Peacherine• MIDI from
http://www.geocities.com/BourbonStreet/2783/sjmidi.htm
• Played by Dick Hyman
Joplin sounds pretty good in MIDI --- it was played on piano rolls
![Page 22: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
A Discontinuous Change in Time
Perception Caused by Time-Shrinking When the difference between the first and the second duration is up to about 100 ms (the sixth pattern), 'time-shrinking', i.e., the second duration is under-estimated
Figure and clip by Yoshitaka Nakajima
![Page 23: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Time shrinking Duration of short time intervals is conspicuously underestimated if they are preceded by shorter neighboring time intervals.
Figure by Petra Wagner and Andreas Windmann
![Page 24: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Quickening Beat
From: http://listverse.com/2008/02/29/top-10-incredible-sound-illusions/
Tempo appears to be quickening
![Page 25: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Musicianship in timing
Note double hits by bass Percy Jones
Differences in timing of bass compared to drum make each instrument stand out yet rhythm is still strong
![Page 27: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Gap Transfer illusion
• A bounce is often perceived in the gliding tones
• http://www.kyushu-id.ac.jp/~ynhome/ENG/Demo/2nd/01.html
Figure and clip by Yoshitaka Nakajima
![Page 28: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
More on Gap-Transfer Illusion
• Often perceived the same
Figure and clip by Yoshitaka Nakajima
![Page 29: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Split off effect
• The listener typically perceives one long tone, which rises and then falls, and a short tone in the middle.
Figure and clip by Yoshitaka Nakajima
![Page 30: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
More on the split off effect
Figure and clip by Yoshitaka Nakajima
![Page 31: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
More on split off effect
Figure and clip by Yoshitaka Nakajima
![Page 32: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Streaming
• When do two alternating pitches sound like one galloping sound?
ASA demo 19
• Yodeling - apparent motion in music
Cook demo 33
![Page 33: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Phantom Melodies
• From: http://listverse.com/2008/02/29/top-10-incredible-sound-illusions/
• Christian Sinding’s Frühlingsrauschen (“Rustle of Spring”) original recording: www.classicalmidi.co.uk / Slow recording courtesy of Karle-Philip Zamor)
fast slow
![Page 34: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Fast rhythm even in presence of timbre variations can lead to hearing groups of sounds as single sounds“perceptual groupings”
![Page 35: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Steve Reich “Piano Phase”
http://www.pianophase.com/
![Page 36: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Effects of Timbre on Auditory Stream segregation
o Sound 1: Auditory streaming in African xylophone music
o Sound 2: Effects of timbre differences on auditory stream segregation
1 2
demo from Nate Zuk but not sure where sound files come from
![Page 37: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Character of song can remain despite large timbre changes
Christopher Tyng
![Page 38: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Remake atrocious
Lalo Schifrim
Adam Clayton
![Page 39: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hacking a recording to change meter
• James Bond Theme Song by Monty Norman- arranged by John Barry and from the movie Dr. No
• Bond Waltz - W. Sethares
Beat regularization or stretching for effect can be done in the studio, but software is not necessarily standardized or cheep.
Beat tracking allows interesting composition experiments (such as above)-For other compositional ideas see Sethare’s sound clips in his book
![Page 40: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Illusory Continuity
• Speech is heard and understood despite noise interruptions
Figure and clip by Yoshitaka Nakajima
![Page 41: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Temporal Induction of Speech
Interrupted by coughInterrupted by silence
From New Scientist. Music special: Five great auditory illusions 24 February 2008 by Michael Marshall
![Page 42: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Pitch depends on partial frequencies
• Butler example 3.5b
• Second of each pair has partials 10% sharp. Perceived pitch change depends on frequency
![Page 43: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Timbre depends on frequency
• First tone has partials 1,2,3,4,5
• Second tone has partials 1,3,5,7,9
• Difference in timbre depends on frequency of fundamental
• Butler example 3.5a
![Page 44: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Stereo Auditory illusions
• Here I have focused on illusions that don’t involved stereo --- however Diana Deutsch has a series of very interesting stereo illusions. Alternating pitches between ears often perceived as continuous patterns
![Page 45: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Chromatic illusion
![Page 46: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Deutsch’s Tritone paradox
• A tritone is two pitches ½ an octave apart (e.g. C to F#)
• One pair of tritones is followed by another.
• The listener is asked to judge whether the tones ascend or descend
• Musicians often disagree
![Page 47: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Tritone paradox
• Transposition often causes one listener to change his/her mind even though music when transposed is perceived as the same
• Most listeners have a preferred orientation for the pitch circle in perceived tritones--- a form of absolute pitch that every listener has
• Listeners from different cultures can disagree on their pitch orientation
![Page 48: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Zwicker Tone
• Noise with a gap. A tone can be heard following the noise.
• The gap should be about the size of the critical band.
• I tried this but could not get the illusion to work. Perhaps needs to be done in a quiet environment.
![Page 49: Auditory Illusions Phy103 Physics of Music J. S. Bach's canon per tonus A very famous example of an endlessly rising melody is the canon per tonus from](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649d6a5503460f94a480d8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Things I might want to add to this lecture
• The unresolved leading tone that ends one of the movements of Iphigenia in Brooklyn (PDQ). Looking for the clip!
• Phantom Melody, try Novacek, Perpetuum Mobile, Violin + Piano arrangement
• Rubato as a way to emphasize replace dynamic (harpsichord?)
• Rubato as an irritant • http://gizmodo.com/this-audio-illusion-will-make-
you-never-trust-your-ears-1593113324