INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE
Attributes of Passenger Comfort in Rail
Transport
Under the guidance of
Dr. E Rajsekar
and
Dr. Abinash Kumar Swain
Kapil Kumar Sinha
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Introduction
A metro journey
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Introduction
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Aim and Objective
Objectives
• To identify significant attributes for passenger comfort and its indicators.
• To understand the various technique for assessing passenger comfort
• To understand the factors contributing in passenger comfort for improving
passenger comfort and wellbeing.
Aim
• To discuss the concepts of comfort and attributes of the passenger comforts in Rail
Transport environment
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Literature Study
Human Comfort
The comfort model developed by Looze (2003)
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Literature Study
Human Comfort in Vehicle Environment
• Local Comfort
• Organisational Comfort
Riding Comfort
Mayr's circle of riding comfort (1959)
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Factor of Passenger Comfort
Other Factors
• Journey Length
• Seat Design
• Interior Design
• Organisational factors
• Shocks and Vibration
• Noise
• Thermal Environment
• Visual Environment
• Air QualityAm
bie
nt
Fa
cto
r
Subjective in Nature
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Ambient Factor
Shocks and Vibration
Indices
• RMS Vibration Level (ISO 2631)
• Sperling Ride Index(Wz)
• Due to track and wheel interaction
• Primary and Secondary suspension
Whole-body vibrations occur when the human
body is in contact with vibration surface.
Seating . Standing . Laying
Considering Vibration for
• preservation of comfort,
• preservation of work efficiency
• preservation of health and safety.
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Ambient Factor
Noise
Indices• Preferred Speech Interference Level(PSIL)
• Zwicker Model (ISO 532 B)
Unwanted sound between 20Hz- 20kHx leads to annoyance
Moving Vehicle is source of Numerous types of noise
Airborne Noise: Aerodynamic Noise
Structural Noise: Transmission and Suspension Resonance, Body Structure Resonance
etc.
Steady State Sound Transient Sound
SUBJECTIVE FACTORS: Pleasant or Not
The acoustic samples in the train (pleasantness, level in dBA).
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Ambient Factor
Thermal Environment
Indices
• Predicted Mean Value PMV (Fanger)(ISO 7730)
• Relative Warmth Index (Developed for Underground Condition)
Thermal Comfort ‘that condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment’
Air TemperatureRadiant TemperatureAir VelocityRelative HumidityClothing InsulationMetabolic Rate
SensationThermal PreferenceStickinessPleasantnessDraught
OBJECTIVE FACTORS SUBJECTIVE FACTORS
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Ambient Factor
Visual Environment(Illuminance)
Indices• Lux Level
• Visual Comfort Probability (VCP)
• Luminance distribution within field of view
(e.g. contrast, luminance ratio between
horizontal and vertical surfaces ….)
• ‘Preventing’ glare
• Light distribution in the car and task (e.g.
direct/diffuse, daylight/artificial light)
• Colour properties of the light
A consideration of the illumination level within a
vehicle is important for three reasons,
safety, convenience and comfort.
Not just
Illuminance level
For Visual Comfort
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Ambient Factor
Air Quality
Indices
• Indoor Air Quality Index (I)
• Ventilation, Comfort Parameter as per CPCB
loss of quality is mainly caused by
• Gases resulting from breathing and other organic functions.
• presence of moisture
• combustion gases and particles
Insufficient
Ventilation
loss in air quality mainly leads to
• Fatigue
• Odour annoyance etc.
Concentration of various gases
majorly CO2, CO, PMAir Circulation Study
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Attributes
Attributes of Passenger Comfort
Attributes Standards Index Research Paper Author Index Used Study TypeVibration and
Shock
ISO 2631 RMS Vibration
Level, Sperling
Index(Wz)
Determination of Activity Comfort in Swedish Passenger Trains Ramasamy
Narayanamoorthy,
Shafiquzzaman Khan,
RMS, Sperling Ride
Index
Both Subjective
and Objective
Experimental and Analytical Ride Comfort Evaluation of a Railway Coach K. V. Gangadharan,
C.Sujatha, V. Ramamurti
Sperling Index, RMS Objective
Noise ISO 532 Preferred Speech
Interference(PSIL
), Zwicker Model
Index for vehicle acoustical comfort inside a passenger car Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor,
Mohammad Hosseini
Zwicker Loudness
Index
Objective
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACOUSTICAL COMFORT IN HIGH-SPEED TRAINS AT THE
SNCF:INTEGRATION OF SUBJECTIVE PARAMETERS
F. LED TOURNEAUX AND
S. GUERRAND
Subjective
Railway passengers and noise A E J Hardy PSIL Objective
Illuminance/
Visual Comfort
LUX Level, Visual
Comfort
Probability
A Comparison of the Visual Comfort Probability
and Unified Glare Rating SystemsRichard G. Mistrick & An-
Seop Choi
Computing Visual Comfort Rating Sylvester K Guth VCP
Air
Quality/Ventilatio
n
BS 1042 Indoor Air
Quality Index
Air quality in passenger cars of the ground railway transit system in Beijing Tian-Tian Li, Yu-Hua Bai,
Zhao-Rong Liu, Jin-Feng
Liu
Objective
CFD ANALYSIS OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN
COMMUTER TRAIN
Seohiro Kikuchi, Kazuhide
Ito
In-train air quality assessment of the railway transit system
in Beijing: A note
Tian-Tian Li, Yu-Hua Bai,
Zhao-Rong Liu, Jin-Feng
Liu
IAQ Index Objective
Thermal ISO 7726,
ISO 7730,
ISO 10551
Predicted Mean
Value, Relative
Warmth Index
Thermal comfort evaluation in Tehran metro using Relative
Warmth IndexM. Abbaspour, M. J. Jafari,
N. Mansouri, F. Moattar,
N. Nouri, M. Allahyari
RWI Objective
Parameters and Models of the Vehicle
Thermal Comfort
Radu MUSAT, Elena
HELEREA
PMV
Thermal comfort on Train Journeys Lisa K. Kelly PMV Both Subjective
and Objective
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Multi Attribute Assessment
• Multi Attribute Assessments is a study in which discomfort due to multiple
stresses are taken simultaneously
• There are very less Literature available on Multi Attribute Assessment for
Passenger comfort.
Ride
Comfort
Index
Vibration
Noise
• M. J. Griffin(1995): studied multiple factors in the comfort evaluation of vehicles
and identifying the possible causes of annoyance, and defined way to create a
weighted index.
• University of Coimbra :Thermal comfort, air quality, noise, vibration, and global
comfort were evaluated in the study on the comfort conditions in public
transportation buses
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Case Study
The Quality of rail carriage environment
• The aims of the study were to determine passengers‘
perceptions of their carriage environment, and to
discover what improvements they would most like to
see.
• The study was carried by London Midland
• Response from stratified sample of 1500 passenger
was collected
• Study evaluated Five different type coaches in terms of
their quality
• The questionnaire included sections covering personal
and travel details, a check list of conceivable
improvements
• The semantic differential technique was used in
gaining an insight of passengers.
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Case Study
• Thermal comfort on train journeys
• The aims of the study was to determine thermal
comfort on train journeys.
• The study was carried between Loughborough and
Leicester & Sileby and Syston
• Study was carried on two environments Laboratory
and Field.
• Subjective responses were also taken simultaneously
along with the Physical Measurements.
• Response from 44 subjects was collected
• Laboratory experiments were validated through the
field study.
• Subjective factors was then correlated with physical
measurement.
• PMVTRANS and PMV was used as index for Thermal
comfort later in the study it was found that PMV was
more accurate estimator in Railway Carriage
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Future Work
• Evaluation of Comfort based on Thermal and Air Quality over different types of
railway compartment over a stretch.
• Evaluation of attributes of passenger comforts along the different routes in a
passenger compartment.
• Evaluation of passenger comfort of railway coach during different seasons in a year.
Subjective Assessment + Physical Measurement
Multi Attribute Assessment
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