Download - Atoms, IONS and Molecules (By Sumiati ))
Atoms, IONS and Molecules (By Sumiati))
Atoms, IONS and Molecules (By Sumiati))
Objectives1. The definition of atoms, molecules, and ions2. The relationship of atoms, molecules, and
ions.3. The Examples of substances consisting of
atoms, molecules, and ions.4. The differences of element molecules and
compound molecules.5. The examples of simple molecules in
everyday life.
Kelas 8B ulanganJum”at depan, 18 nov .. Ulangan 3 bab.
1. sistem pernapasan (bab4)2. sistem peredaran darah (bab 5)3. atom, ion dan molekul (bab 1 kimia)
bilingual
What is a matter/substances?Matter or substances is everything having mass and occupy a space.
Matter ClassificationElement = substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substance by chemical methods. Ex: O2, O3, H2, N2
Compound = the combination of some elements formed through a chemical reaction. H2O, CO2, C6H12O6
Mixtures = substances consisting of two or more substances formed without a chemical reaction. Ex” teh manis, juice,
Particle of MatterAtomsIonsMolecules
Ulangan bab 4,5 1 kimia
What is an Atom? An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
An atom has an average size of about 0.0000000001 m or
1 x 10–10m.
ATOMS MODEL(John Dalton)
ATOMS MODEL(J.J Thomson)
ATOMS MODEL
ATOMS MODEL(Niels Bohr)
ATOMS MODEL N=2-5 O=2-6
23.3 Representing an Atom of an Element Using chemical symbols
H C N O Na Cl Cu
He
Li
B
F
NeMg
23.4 What is an Atom Made Up of? Each atom is made up of even smaller
particles.These particles are called sub-atomic
particles.Types of sub-atomic particles – protons,
electrons and neutrons
23.4 What is an Atom Made Up of? The table below summarises the
properties of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Sub-atomic particles
Symbol Relative charge
Proton p +1
Neutron n 0
Electron e -1
23.5 Proton (Atomic) Number and Mass Number
The atomic number or proton number is the number of protons in an atom.
(=electron number)The mass number is the total number of
protons and neutrons in an atom.
XZ
A
chemical symbol
mass number
proton number
Kelompok kimia 8BKelompok 1 ; dzikra,11,21,29,3,38,18, … ion…(75) Kelompok 2
; byan,aci.adit,maska,nabjas,tiara,dinda …molekul… …(nilai 78)
Kelompok 3 ; ageng.1,7,9,10,19,16,20 …atom (nilai 80)Kelompok 4 : muthia, mine, rania, clara, mirshaan, sule
molekul (bonus 5Kelompok 5 ; dika ….. Atom; Rizki, lia, afi, imae, senopati…
nilai 78+4Kelompok 6 : aldi …..ion:Reza,Rian,Ayu,Monika,Rara .. Nilai
80+5Tugasnya: lirik lagu dikumpul sekarang …. Buat lagu…
atom, ion, molekul. Yg ngumpul sekarang sarusnya 10.Lirik lagu mengenai semua pembahasan tentang atom, ion,
molekul. Ketua kelompok ambil undian:
Tugasnya: lirik lagu dikumpul sekarang …. Buat lagu… atom, ion, molekul. Yg ngumpul sekarang sarusnya 10.
Lirik lagu mengenai semua pembahasan tentang atom, ion, molekul. Ketua kelompok ambil undian:
Lagu in english…Hari selasa depan dinyanyikan ke depan
berkelompok Menyanyi sambill bergaya
Periodic Table
Cl35
Na
H
C
P
Ca
Fe
Al
S
23
1
12
40
56
27
32
11
1
6
15
26
13
1620
23.6 What are Ions?When an atom loses or gains electrons, we
say that an ion is formed.An ion is an atom that carries a positive or
negative charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons.
Atoms which lose electrons will have a net positive charge. Hence, they form positive ions.
+ + e –
neutral atom
atom with net positive charge
electron lost by atom
23.6 What are Ions?Atoms which gain electrons will have a
negative charge. Hence, they form negative ions.
-+ e –
neutral atom atom with net
negative charge
electron gained by atom
23.6 What are Ions?Example 1Magnesium chloride is a compound made from two kinds of ions – magnesium ions, which have a positive charge, and chloride ions, which have a negative charge.A magnesium atom has the chemical symbol, Mg. A magnesium atom (an atom of a metal) loses two electrons to form a magnesium ion in its compound.
+ 2e –Mg Mg2+
Magnesium atom Magnesium ion Electrons
23.6 What are Ions?Example 1
A magnesium ion has 12 protons and 10 electrons. Hence, it has a net positive charge of +2.
Magnesium atom Magnesium ion
Number of protons 12 12
Number of electrons 12 10
Net charge 0 +2
23.6 What are Ions?Example 2A chlorine atom has the chemical symbol, Cl.A chlorine atom (an atom of a non-metal) gains an electron to form a chloride ion in its compound.
A chloride ion has 17 protons and 18 electrons. Hence, it has a net negative charge of –1.
Chlorine atom Chloride ion
Number of protons 17 17
Number of electrons 17 18
Net charge 0 – 1
35
+ e-Cl Cl-Chlorine atom Chloride ionElectron
17
23.6 What are Ions?The table below shows some ions formed by
common atoms: Element Chemical symbol Ion formed
Hydrogen H H+
Sodium Na Na+
Potassium K K+
Aluminium Al Al3+
Calcium Ca Ca2+
Magnesium Mg Mg2+
Oxygen O O2-
Chlorine Cl Cl-
Bromine Br Br-
Sulphur S S2-
23.7 What are molecules? A molecule is made up of two or more
atoms chemically combined together. Molecules of elements usually consist of
a fixed number of one type of atom chemically combined together.
Molecules of compounds contain a fixed number of different types of atoms chemically combined together.
Molecules of elements Molecule Molecular diagram Molecular model
(ball and stick)
Hydrogen gas
H2
Oxygen gas
Nitrogen gas
H
O
N
H
O
N
Molecules of compounds Molecule Molecular diagram Molecular model
(ball and stick)
Water
Carbon dioxide
Ammonia
Hydrogen chloride
H
N
OH
CO O
H H
H
ClH
GRATITUDE