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© OCTO 2012 © OCTO 2012
Agile at Large Scale
A Return on Experience from a Large Project
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© OCTO 2012
Mathieu Despriée – Senior Architect
@mdeocto
Hervé Lourdin – Project Director,
@HerveLourdin Lean & Agile practice leader
Who we are
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© OCTO 2012
Hypothesis
You are not new with Agile
You know what mean:
User Story
Story Point
TDD
Continuous Integration
Retrospective
You know SCRUM
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© OCTO 2012
We will focus on differences
we noticed at large scale
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© OCTO 2012
Wish to create a new innovative product
New Technologies, New Architecture
Touch screen for front office
Web for the back office
Strategic project for the company
9500 customers
5 M of sales transactions per day targeted
Chosen Methodology: SCRUM
Project context
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© OCTO 2012
This 1st agile experiment at large scale burns lot of project
management resources
The 7 distributed teams have difficulties to integrate their
respective developments
UA phases are painful because of unstable software
A first major version is awaited by the market 6 months later
After 6 months of development
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© OCTO 2012
Create The Flow
Quality At Large Scale
Adapt Yourself To The Flow
Steering The Flow
Improve
Agenda
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© OCTO 2012
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CREATE THE FLOW
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© OCTO 2012
Visualize The Flow
Rituals At Large Scale
Cadence
CREATE THE FLOW
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© OCTO 2012
Visualize The Flow
Rituals At Large Scale
Cadence
CREATE THE FLOW
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© OCTO 2012
TODO WIP DONE
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© OCTO 2012
At large scale, the Value
Stream must be detailed
Upstream & Downstream of the
development phase
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© OCTO 2012
…with an electronic version for geo-distributed teams
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© OCTO 2012
Visualize The Flow
Rituals At Large Scale
Cadence
CREATE THE FLOW
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© OCTO 2012
Dev. TesterTech LeadTeam Lead
OpsTe
am
am
ba
ss
ad
ors
Methodological
Coach
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© OCTO 2012
Ops
Leader
Team
Leaders
Test
LeaderSupport
Leader
CTO
Problems
Only
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© OCTO 2012
Multi-site demo
Romania
1 team
Moldavia3 teams
Vietnam
2 teams
France
3 teams
Skype Mikogo
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© OCTO 2012
Visualize The Flow
Rituals At Large Scale
Cadence
CREATE THE FLOW
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© OCTO 2012
Iteration Cost Model
Coordination & Steering
Value Added Work
Costs
TimeIteration beginning Iteration end
Transaction
Cost
Transaction
Cost
*Source : David Anderson
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© OCTO 2012
Iteration Cost Model
Coordination & Steering
Value Added Work
Costs
TimeIteration beginning Iteration end
Transaction
Cost
Transaction
Cost
*Source : David Anderson
TOTAL : 4 to 5 weeks
~6 FTE
1
week1
week
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© OCTO 2012
The Lack Of
FEEDBACK
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© OCTO 2012
On The Project
Coordination & Steering
Value Added Work
Costs
TimeIteration beginning Iteration end
Transaction
Cost
Transaction
Cost
*Source : David Anderson
TOTAL : 4 to 5 weeks
~6 FTE
1
week1
weekFailure Load
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© OCTO 2012
Objective : 2 weeks
Coordination & Steering
Transaction
Cost
Value Added Work
Costs
TimeIteration beginning Iteration end
1
week
~6 FTE
Failure Load
1
day
*Source : David Anderson
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© OCTO 2012
Create The Flow
Quality At Large Scale
Adapt Yourself To The Flow
Steering The Flow
Improve
Agenda
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© OCTO 2012
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QUALITY AT LARGE SCALE
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© OCTO 2012
Only one Continuous Integration
45 Developers
SVN
Continuous
Integration
Jenkins/Maven
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
100 commits/day
on Trunk
Build + Unit Tests
every 3 min
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© OCTO 2012
You Gonna Have To Test All That !
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© OCTO 2012
sd
Specifying with Acceptance Tests
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© OCTO 2012
Specifying with Acceptance Tests
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STOP THE LINE
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© OCTO 2012
Software Factory
SVN
Continuous
Integration
Jenkins/Maven
Site 1
Developers
Site 2
Site 3
Business
Analysts
Green Pepper
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© OCTO 2012
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© OCTO 2012
You Build it?
You Fix it!
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© OCTO 2012
2 weeks !!
Coordination & Steering
Value Added Work
Costs
TimeIteration beginning Iteration end
1
day
Failure Load
0,5
day
2 weeks
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© OCTO 2012
Create The Flow
Quality At Large Scale
Adapt Yourself To The Flow
Steering The Flow
Improve
Agenda
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© OCTO 2012
3
ADAPT YOURSELF
TO THE FLOW
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© OCTO 2012
BETTER TO PUMP EVEN IF NOTHING HAPPENS
THAN TO RISK SOMETHING WORSE HAPPENING
BY NOT PUMPING
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© OCTO 2012
Sprint Planning
Coordination & Steering
Value Added Work
Costs
TimeIteration beginning Iteration end
1
day
Failure Load
0,5
day
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© OCTO 2012
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© OCTO 2012
Sprint planning
Coordination & Steering
Value Added Work
Costs
TimeIteration beginning Iteration end
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© OCTO 2012
More adaptability for the PO: continuous planning
Teams estimate “on the fly”
It is not necessary to calculate “how much we can do for this
iteration”
Stories can’t be “half done” anymore
Migrating to “Pure” Flow : Gains
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© OCTO 2012
No more sprint planning does not mean no rituals anymore:
Demo are still needed and,
Retrospectives are mandatory!
No iterative planning anymore but you need to check
continuously the buffers
Migrating to “Pure” Flow : Warnings
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© OCTO 2012
Product
Backlog
BUFFER
Requirement
(using tests)
BUFFER BUFFER
Validation on
the flyDev
Acceptance
Infra gtw
(perf, sécu…)
DONE
& in PROD
CHECK POTENTIAL FLOW DISRUPTIONS
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© OCTO 2012
« With Great Power, comes Great
Responsibility »Benjamin « Ben » Parker
P.O. must be constantly available to support teams on:
Planning
Business / Functional questions
Migrating to “Pure” Flow : Warnings
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Component Teams
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© OCTO 2012
Component AFront Office
Team A
Component BExchanges
Team B
Component CBack Office
Team C
Component DBatches
Team D
FEATURE 1
FEATURE 2
FEATURE 3
FEATURE 4
FEATURE 5
FEATURE 6
FEATURE 7
FEATURE 8
FEATURE 9
FEATURE 10
Component Teams
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© OCTO 2012
Component AFront Office
Team A
Component BExchanges
Team B
Component CBack Office
Team C
Component DBatchs
Team D
FEATURE 1
FEATURE 2
FEATURE 3
FEATURE 4
FEATURE 5
FEATURE 6
FEATURE 7
FEATURE 8
FEATURE 9
FEATURE 10
Component Teams
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© OCTO 2012
Component AFront Office
Team A
Component BExchanges
Team B
Component CBack Office
Team C
Component DBatchs
Team D
FEATURE 1
FEATURE 2
FEATURE 3
FEATURE 4
FEATURE 5
FEATURE 6
FEATURE 7
FEATURE 8
FEATURE 9
FEATURE 10
Component Teams
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© OCTO 2012
Component ATobacco
Team
Component BDemat.
Team
Component CPressTeam
Component DTelecom
Team
FEATURE 1
FEATURE 4
FEATURE 5
FEATURE 3
FEATURE 6
FEATURE 8
FEATURE 9
FEATURE 2
FEATURE 7
Feature Teams
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© OCTO 2012
Cross-Techno Team
Team Leader
Developers
Tester
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© OCTO 2012
Create expertise on business and Give autonomy:
Team / Team members should be able to take decision by
themselves
Teams can live at their own pace if required by their backlog
priorization
Feature Teams: Gains
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© OCTO 2012
As a counterpart…
Feature Team
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© OCTO 2012
Component ATobacco
Team
Component BDemat.
Team
Component CPressTeam
Component DTelecom
Team
FEATURE 1
FEATURE 4
FEATURE 5
FEATURE 3
FEATURE 6
FEATURE 8
FEATURE 9
FEATURE 2
FEATURE 7
Feature Teams
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© OCTO 2012
Communities of Practice
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A necessary counterbalance to feature-teams
The practice leader is a senior developer, who :
is in charge of the component architecture
makes sure that software is built the correct way
facilitates the sharing of practices
Community of Practice
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“Standard is the best-known practice, in the project team at the
present day, to realise a certain type of task”
The Standard
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© OCTO 2012
Hands On
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Collaborative Design
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© OCTO 2012
TestsJava.NET
Today’s organisation
PRACTICE LEADERSF
EA
TU
RE
-TE
AM
S L
EA
DE
RS
Business
Area A
Business
Area C
Business
Area B
Facilitation & methodology
Release management
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© OCTO 2012
Create The Flow
Quality At Large Scale
Adapt Yourself To The Flow
Steering The Flow
Improve
Agenda
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© OCTO 2012
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STEERING THE FLOW
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The Story Map, our Roadmap
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© OCTO 2012
Story Points
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© OCTO 2012
Story Points
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© OCTO 2012
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ide
a fro
m J
eff P
atto
n
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0
50
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200
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9/0
8…
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/08…
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nu
mb
er
of
ite
ms
time
Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD)
INPUT QUEUE
STUDY DEV - WIP
STUDY DEV - DONE
VALIDATION - TODO
VALIDATION - WIP
DONE - WAIT JAVA
DONE - WIP JAVA
DONE - IN CI
DONE - DONE
CANCELLED
In Process : 30 User Stories
Lead Time = 6 weeks
Lead Time < 2 weeks
In Process : 15 User Stories
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0
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7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Occ
ure
nce
s
days
Lead Time Distribution
Average = 11σ = 12n = 106
S M L XL
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http://w
ww
.win
dham
sport
spages.c
om
/im
ages/h
ighschool/sw
imm
ing/2
008/1
22708/b
oy
s/D
SC
_0779.g
if
Defects (20%)
Features (50%)
Improvements (30%)
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Delivery:
Every month: one major release
Every week: one minor release
Lead-time:
Metrics as of today
M
DEV Q/A PROD
4 weeks 4 to 6 weeks
10 WEEKS
L
DEV Q/A PROD
6 weeks
14 WEEKS
6 to 8 weeks
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Create The Flow
Quality At Large Scale
Adapt Yourself To The Flow
Steering The Flow
Improve
Agenda
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5
IMPROVE
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Improve your tools
Manage problems
Continuous Improvement
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Improve your tools
Manage problems
Continuous Improvement
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DevOps Collaboration
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Share your toys !
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Software Factory
SVN
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
Business
Analysts
Green
Pepper
Automated
deployment
(chef)
Dev
Q/A
Ops
• A totally automated build and
deployment pipeline
• Deployment to server and
terminals in one single
click, whatever the target
environment
• More than 100 deployment to
production in 18 months
PROD
Jenkins
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Technical and Business Metrics as Feedback Loop
Business Transactions
€ Mbps
Load
Customer Creations
Connected clients
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Improve your tools
Manage problems
Continuous Improvement
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Don’t shoot the messenger !
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Establish a trust culture
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Retrospective
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YOU SAY IT ?
YOU OWN IT !
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Every week
with CTO, team leaders, tech leaders, ops …
Not a planning meeting
Open Agenda: We share things that matter
Problems
Needs
Risks
Information
etc…
And … improvement ideas!
Team Leaders meeting
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!
CONCLUSIONS
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2500 customers on production systems, with a growth of 400 new per month
Teams assimilated business and technical knowledge, and methodology
Deployment rythm is sustained, deadlines are met
A collaboration hand in hand Dev and Ops
An actual collaboration between marketing team, and technicalteams
People saying they wouldn’t go back
Status after 18 months (more than 40 iterations !)
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Get control over the value production flow
Give autonomy and responsabilities to people
High trust culture
Continuous Improvement
There’s no magical Agile recipe : you’ll have to adapt yourself
continuously
Key factors of success
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QUESTIONS / ANSWERS