Assessment of Indoor Environment Quality on Occupant Wellbeing and Educational Outcomes
20th September 2017TEMCwww.cetec.com.au
Authors
Ben LindsayCETEC Pty LtdConsultant
Vyt GarnysCETEC Group of CompaniesManaging Director & Principal Consultant Melbourne-Sydney-Brisbane-London (UK)
2
• Comprehensive scientific consulting and laboratory services since 1987
• Leading provider of multidiscipline and technical risk management solutions for complex facilities.
• CETEC conducts professional IEQ audits, assessments, investigations & training for occupant health, wellbeing & productivity
• 4 NABERS Accredited Assessors and 2 WELL Building Standard APs on staff.
About us
Key Building Services
IEQ
Indoor air & indoor environment quality
(investigations, audits, training & assessments for occupant health,
wellbeing & productivity
Accreditation & Regulations
NABERS and GBCA assessments for
energy, IEQ, waste & water.
Hazardous Materials
Environmental risk management for -
asbestos, chemicals & other hazardous
substances, including audits, registers,
decontamination & control/remediation
Design Risk & Dangerous Goods
Specialist laboratory & hospital design,
dangerous goods risk management, support & risk
evaluation
Project Management
For hazardous materials, dangerous goods , occupational
hygiene, IAQ & occupant
dissatisfaction
Extensive Evidence of IEQ/Performance Link
4
Student Performance Increase with Ventilation
• LiaChatzidiakou,DejanMumovic,JulieDockrell, UCL, UK (2014)
5
Australian Schools Performance Down – Why?
6
7
Why Conduct Building Indoor Environment Ratings?
8
• Buildings affect our health, wellbeing and productivity since more than 80% of occupant time is spent indoors
Staff salary and benefits contributes to 90% of a organisations operating costs
So a 10% increase in productivity translates to
a 9% savings in operating costs
The Cost of Running a Building
Why integrate IEQ Rating into FM Good Practise
• Management - Ordered and integrated overview
• Complaint resolution efficiency
• Maintenance KPI - intra and inter-facility
• Benchmarking KPI – intra and inter-facility
• Legal protection – best practise
• Property Valuation
• Productivity and Efficiency KPI
• Marketing and Occupancy
• Personal recognition and CV
Compliance vs PerformanceCompliance Limits Performance / Sub Clinical Criteria
VOC – (toluene) TWA 191,000 μg/m3
VOC (total)500 μg/m3
Dust PM1-10 TWA1,000 - 5,000 μg/m3
Dust 50 μg/m3
NoiseLAeq,8h of 85 dB(A) peak 140 dB(C)
Noise45-50dB + occupant satisfaction survey
Lighting160 lux minimum
LightingUniformity , 300 lux+ occupant satisfaction survey
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EnHealth and Legionella
Learn more at http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/health-pubhlth-publicat-environ.htm
IEQ - Building Related ParametersTypical indoor environment quality assessment parameters include:
• Particulate Matter
• Airborne Microbials
• Carbon Monoxide
• Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and Formaldehyde levels
Indoor Air Quality
• Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Carbon Dioxide (Ventilation Effectiveness)
• Air Movement
Thermal Comfort
• Horizontal Task Illuminance (Lux)
• Vertical Task Illuminance (Lux)
• Lighting uniformity Lighting
• Ambient Sound levelsAcoustic Comfort
• Worldwide Benchmarked and Standardised Occupant Satisfaction Survey
Occupant Satisfaction & Productivity
AVAILABLE MAIN RATING SYSTEMS in AUSTRALIA
• Green Star – Green Building Council of Australia
• NABERS ( National Australian Built Environment Rating System) –Australian Government
• WELL Building Standard – Delos Inc., USA.
Green Star Performance – IAQ
Green Star Performance coverage – Cooling Tower Microbial Control / Legionella
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Green Star – Air Tightness
NABERS Indoor Environment
• NABERS Indoor Environment• World first at measuring and
benchmarking the indoor environment performance of offices
• Base Building, Tenancy & Whole Building ratings
• Benchmarked against Australian Buildings
• Since 2009
• Can be used as a step for other ratings IEQ
Air Quality
Thermal Comfort
LightingAcoustics
Occupant Satisfaction
NABERS IE
NABERS IE
• Parameters assessed for each rating type
Typical Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
IEQ assessment
Occupancy Satisfaction Survey using international
benchmarked survey
IE rating
Ongoing collaboration with
change/design/HR/ sustainability team
Generally conducted six months following occupation
Work Environment Productivity Assessment
• CETEC WEPA • Work Environment Productivity
Assessment
• Cost benefit of optimising IEQ
• Correlating productivity metrics related to performance of workers
• Develop a business case for IEQ optimisation
The International WELL Building Institute
WELL Building Standard
WELL Air & Water Features Matrix
Assessment of Indoor Environment Quality on Occupant Wellbeing at the Rose Bowl, Leeds Beckett University
20th September 2017TEMCwww.cetec.com.au
Presenter
Ben LindsayCETEC Pty LtdConsultant
Melbourne-Sydney-Brisbane-London (UK)
Introduction
26
Estates Services wanted to test claim that the BREEAM Excellent building had been designed with staff & student wellbeing at its heart. Needed to understand how to evaluate health & wellbeing.
IEQ parameters1. Air quality2. Therm. comfort3. Acoustics4. Lighting 5. Surveys
NABERS – single items to complete WELL – all items to be completed
Air Light
Comfort Nourishment
Fitness Mind
Innovation Water
LEED – all items to be completed
Energy & Atmos. Materials & Res
Indoor Env Qual. Regional priority
Innovation Sustainable sites
Location & trans. Water efficiency
BREEAM – all items to be completed
Energy Materials
Health & well. Management
Innovation Pollution
Land use Transport
➢ Stand alone rating.➢ includes survey.➢ IE-Occupied building➢ Since 2009➢ Measurement data
➢ All or nothing rating.
➢ No surveys.➢ Occupied
Building➢ New
Waste
Water
Water
Waste
Indoor Environment
Energy
➢ All or nothing rating.
➢ No surveys.
➢ All or nothing rating.
➢ No surveys.➢ No Measurement
data
✓
1. What should be measured? 1. Air quality2. Therm. comfort3. Acoustics4. Lighting 5. Surveys of staff
2. Which rating scheme to use?Parameter measured BASE TENANCY WHOLE
BUILDING
Carbon monoxide Y Y Y
TVOC Y Y
Formaldehyde Y Y
Particulates Y Y Y
Carbon dioxide Y Y Y
Temperature * Y Y
Relative Humidity Y Y
Air speed Y Y
Acoustic comfort Y Y Y
Lighting Y Y
Occupant survey Y y
NABERS IE
3. What specific parameters to measure?
Rose Bowl
Benchmarks for IEQ
Table 1: International standards for what equals a good quality atmosphere for work
Parameter 1st level threshold limit (ref) 2nd level tougher limit (ref)
Carbon monoxide 9ppm (NABERS/LEED/WELL/WHO) -
TVOC 500ug/m3 (NABERS/LEED/WELL) -
Formaldehyde 100ug/m3 (NABERS/WHO) 40ug/m3 (LEED/WELL)
Particulates 50ug/m3 PM10 (NABERS/LEED/WELL) 15ug/m3 PM2.5 (LEED/WELL)
Ozone 80ppb (LEED/NEPM) -
Carbon dioxide 1000ppm (ASHRAE) 800ppm (WELL)
Temperature 21-24oC (ASHRAE) -
Relative Humidity 30-70% (ASHRAE) -
Air speed >0.2m/s (NABERS) -
Acoustic comfort 35-45dB (NABERS) -
Lighting Horizontal >320 lux /vertical >180 lux (AS1680) -
Health criteria
Comfort criteria
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Sample locations
Canteen
208
Lecture theatre
404
421
525
513
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Level 1
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classroom
office
classroom
lecture room
office
classroom
canteen
office
classroom
classroom
Summary results from IEQ assessment
KEY
✓ Criteria met
× Criteria not met
- Not measured
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Location Pass (✓) / Fail (x) – in relation to threshold values in table 1
Air
speed temp RH CO2 CO O3 PM2.5 PM10 TVOC Form. dB lux
Ambient# - Roof n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a - - - -
Classroom 513 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ x
Classroom 525 ✓ ✓ ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - x x
Office 404 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Office 421 ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓
Classroom 320 ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ ✓
Classroom 307 ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ x
Lecture 241 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ x x -
Classroom 208 ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ - - - -
Office 148 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ x ✓ ✓
Canteen area ✓ x ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ x ✓ - - x -
Areas where problems were revealed
101214161820222426
Roo
f
clas
sro
om 5
25
clas
sro
om 5
13
off
ice
421
off
ice
room
404
clas
sro
om 3
20
clas
sro
om 3
07
Lect
ure
241
clas
sro
om 2
08
off
ice
148
can
teen
are
a
Tem
per
atu
re o C
recommended range
400500600700800900
100011001200
Roo
f
clas
sro
om 5
25
clas
sro
om 5
13
off
ice
421
off
ice
room
404
clas
sro
om 3
20
clas
sro
om 3
07
Lect
ure
241
clas
sro
om 2
08
off
ice
148
can
teen
are
a
Car
bo
n d
ioxi
de
pp
m
guideline limit
0.000
0.003
0.006
0.009
0.012
0.015
0.018
Roo
f
clas
sro
om 5
25
clas
sro
om 5
13
off
ice
421
off
ice
room
404
clas
sro
om 3
20
clas
sro
om 3
07
Lect
ure
241
clas
sro
om 2
08
off
ice
148
can
teen
are
a
PM (2
.5)
mg/
m3 guideline limit
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Roo
f
clas
sro
om 5
25
clas
sro
om 5
13
off
ice
421
off
ice
room
…
clas
sro
om 3
20
clas
sro
om 3
07
Lect
ure
241
clas
sro
om 2
08
off
ice
148
can
teen
are
aForm
ald
ehyd
e (u
g/m
3 )
guideline limit
51525354555657585
Roo
f
clas
sro
om 5
25
clas
sro
om 5
13
off
ice
421
off
ice
room
…
clas
sro
om 3
20
clas
sro
om 3
07
Lect
ure
241
clas
sro
om 2
08
off
ice
148
can
teen
are
a
Aco
ust
ic le
vels
(dB
)recommended range
0
1
2
3
4
5
Roo
f
clas
sro
om 5
25
clas
sro
om 5
13
off
ice
421
off
ice
room
404
clas
sro
om 3
20
clas
sro
om 3
07
Lect
ure
241
clas
sro
om 2
08
off
ice
148
can
teen
are
a
H-l
ux
/ V
-lu
x (r
atio
)
guideline limit
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
very satisfied
satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
How satisfied with temperature at work place
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
very satisfied
satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
How satisfied with acoustic quality at work place0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
very satisfied
satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
very satisfied
satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
Somewhat dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
How satisfied with air quality at work place
How satisfied with overall building
~ 51%
~ 39%
42%
~ 39%
~ 46%
~ 37%
~ 33%
~ 52%
Occupant Satisfaction of Staff and Students of the IE
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Overall survey performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
general satisfaction-building
general satisfaction-workplace
office layout
office furnishings
thermal comfortair quality
lighting
acoustic quality
cleanliness &maintenance
Rose Bowl
All buildings
key:
1 = very dissatisfied4 = neither satisfied or dissatisfied7 = very satisfied
Note:
All buildings refer to the total average of results across the independent database
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Summing up
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5. Act on results
At Rose Bowl;➢ Ventilation rates increased to eliminate formaldehyde➢ Ventilation increased to reduce temperature➢ Looking to enhance acoustic barriers and create quiet zones➢ Looking to update specification on materials and furniture in relation to VOCs➢ Will reassess situation after measures implemented➢ Will extend IEQ analysis to other buildings across the University
4. Measure IEQ
➢ Use external IEQ experts➢ Don’t rely on un tested sensors
1. Engaged Estates Services
➢ Proactive approach➢ Responding to
complaints
2. Identify what needs to be measured
➢ Health & wellbeing (IEQ)➢ Occupant satisfaction
3. Select relevant rating tools
➢ Robust science based approach➢ Efficient & timely IEQ assessment
✓
NABERS IE
Financial Benefits of Wellness and Productivity
The Facts from Research and Application
• Indoor climate/environments (IAQ/IEQ) affect performance/efficiency at work.
• There is systematic and strong evidence that suboptimal office IEQ conditions (for knowledge work) will produce efficiency and probably productivity loss of the order of 1-10% of labour outcomes. Targetted improvements will recover this loss.
• The loss may be a few percent of labour outcomes but its value is large and much more than energy and building management savings.
• IEQ improvements are a significant tool for occupant satisfaction and wellbeing
Barriers Till Now
• Many stakeholders consider topic is too complex to understand.
• Investors/Owners vs Tenants/Occupants, two different views
• Sharing gains/profit mechanisms not developed
• Adoptees using IEQ for own commercial gain and not sharing data.
• Fear of HR and Brand Image from poor IEQ exposure
• Definitions of Efficiency and Productivity
• Links with Finance and Economic experts
• Education and Research alignments
WorldGBC endorsement of IEQ
WorldGBC’s Health, Wellbeing and Productivity in Offices report raised awareness of this important topic and set out a framework for organisations to measure how their building impacts on their most valuable asset, their employees.
World Green Building CouncilDOLLARS MATTERS
Regular publication of indices allows for immediate high level management
OECD - Types of Productivity Measures
• Labour productivity• Quantity index of gross economic output / Quantity economic index of
Labour Input
• Labour remains the single most important input to office work.
• Labour input is ..measured as the total number of hours worked
• Hours paid and full-time equivalent persons can provide reasonable alternatives.
• Labour Efficiency• Ratio of non-economic parameters e.g. task speed, sick leave rate and cognitive ability.
Efficiency may contribute to productivity.
Cascade of Productivity Measurement
• Global
• Continent
• Country
• Regional
• Organizational
• Facility
• Sectional
• Personal
Increasing # of Sectors
Productivity Index = Output/Input
Educational Productivity Measures
• Educational productivity• gross academic output / Fiscal Input• gross academic output / Labour Cost Input• gross academic output / Capital Cost Input
• Educational Efficiency• Ratio of non-economic parameters e.g. task speed, sick leave rate and
cognitive ability, scores/student. Efficiency may contribute to productivity.
Educational Productivity and Ranking
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Hanushek.Stanford.edu, (2015)
Rating Systems to Obtain Productivity from IEQ?
• Readily Available
• Well Structured and Proven Technically
• Accepted by owners and occupiers
• Internally comparable
• Design Ratings eg BREEAM, LEED,..- Weak on POE and IEQ, no Occupant Satisfaction Surveys
• WELL – Comprehensive but not all data dose response related
• NABERS – Strong on performance IEQ and Occupant Satisfaction- Rate Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE)
Case Studies
Evidence of IEQ affecting Productivity
Labour Productivity Gains 6 months after move -12.5% average but not uniform
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Productivity%
Productivity%
Ten Other P&POE Productivity Assessments by CETEC
IEQ Gain = $A100-200/m2
Energy Gain = $A 15-20/m2
Work Environment Productivity Assessment for Education
• Administration and FM• Staff productivity and KPIs
• Research• Research productivity
• Education • Student satisfaction
• Student performance
• Branding• Reputation
Assessment of Indoor Environment Quality on Occupant Wellbeing and Educational Outcomes
20th September 2017TEMCwww.cetec.com.au
Authors
Ben LindsayCETEC Pty LtdConsultant
Vyt GarnysCETEC Group of CompaniesManaging Director & Principal Consultant Melbourne-Sydney-Brisbane-London (UK)