Asoka AbeygunawardanaExecutive Director - Energy Forum
Adviser to the Minister of Power and Energy
Energy Security and Low Carbon Development in South Asia
South Asia at night (satellite image)
World Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
IndustriesTransportElectricity and Heat
GHG Emissions % by sectors in the South Asia
SAARC STATEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE Also Mindful that the Member States of SAARC as
developing countries face the dual challenge of addressing the negative impacts of climate change and pursuing socio-economic development
Electrification in South Asia in 2009Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2010
Afghan
istan
Bangla
deshNep
al
Pakist
anIndia
Bhutan
Maldive
s
Sri La
nka0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
South Asia average – but
not 24 x 7
SAARC STATEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE Also Mindful that the Member States of SAARC as
developing countries face the dual challenge of addressing the negative impacts of climate change and pursuing socio-economic development
63%
22%
10%5%
Household Electricity Access in South Asia
No Electricity ConnectionLess than 50 kWh per monthBetween 50-100 kWh per month100 kWh and above per month
65%
26%
9%
Energy Poverty in South AsiaFuel Source for Cooking Needs
Traditional Bio-Mass
Gas
Other/None
Source: IEA
United States
Annex I Parties
World People's Rep. of China
Non-Annex I Parties
India Sri Lanka
19.44
11.81
3.99
1.95 1.59 0.69 0.22
Per capita carbon emissions in 1990 (tons/y)
India Pakistan Bangladesh Sri Lanka Nepal South Asia World0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
CO2 emissions % increase by 2007 against 1990 levelsCurrent Situation
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 20600
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
CO2 emissions in Business as Usual scenario
Year
CO2
emis
sion
s (m
illio
n to
nnes
)
India projections
Source: Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe), New Delhi
Green House Gases- Pakistan2011 2020 2030 2040 2050
Total GHG Emissions (Mt CO2 eq.)
347 557 1046 2156 4621
Energy 176 295 560 1250 2730 % Share 50.6 52.9 53.5 58.0 59.1Agriculture 134 210 408 812 1765 % Share 38.7 37.7 39.0 37.7 38.2Industry 20 30 52 61 75 % Share 5.8 5.4 5.0 2.8 1.6LULUCF 10 13 15 20 35 % Share 2.9 2.3 1.4 0.9 0.8Waste 7 9 11 13 16 % Share 1.9 1.6 1.1 0.6 0.3
Generation Expansion Plan - Sri Lanka - 2009
19901992
19941996
19982000
20022004
20062008
20102012
20142016
20182020
20220
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Projected CO2 % Increase in Sri Lanka
Year
Perc
enta
ge in
crea
se a
gain
st 1
990
leve
l
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00 Mini hydroWindBiomass dendroCoal Coal with lossBiomass dendro with CERs
Who is paying for whom?
Energy Supply PolicyAt 15 EUR/Ton & 0.78 kg/kWh
• Theoretically Estimated Potential - 3000 times the current need • Technically Feasible Potential• Economically Feasible Potential• Environmentally Sound Potential
Energy Supply Policy
• for bridging the gap between the avoided economic cost and avoided financial cost !!!
SAARC STATEMENT ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Commission a study to explore the feasibility of establishing a SAARC mechanism which would provide capital for projects that promote low-carbon technology and renewable energy;
and a Low-carbon Research and Development Institute in South Asian University;
Thank you
Low carbon economy: Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Frugality- Life styles
