![Page 1: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
•Produces offspring genetically identical to parent
•Also known as vegetative reproduction
![Page 3: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Methods
A. Runners: horizontal, above-ground stems
example: Bermuda grass
![Page 4: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
B. Bulbs: short, underground stem
examples: onion, daffodil, tulip
![Page 5: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
C. Rhizomes: horizontal, underground stems
examples: ferns
![Page 6: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
D. Tubers: swollen, fleshy underground stems
example: potato
![Page 7: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Germination
• Water and oxygen are needed for a seed to sprout.
• Germination: process in which a plant embryo resumes its growth.
• The first sign of germination is the emergence of the root, also known as radicle.
![Page 8: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Plant Life Spans
1. Perennials: live for several years
• May reproduce often during their life
• May be deciduous or evergreen
• Stems woody or herbaceous
• Examples: trees, shrubs, daffodils, vines
![Page 10: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. Annuals: complete their life cycle in one growing season.
• Almost all are herbaceous.
• Examples include sunflowers, beans, corn, many weeds.
![Page 12: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Biennials: take two growing seasons to complete their life cycle.
• Produce flowers during the 2nd season
• Examples include carrots and onions
![Page 13: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Plant Growth and DevelopmentPlant Growth and Development
I. Nutrients
1. Carbon dioxide and water for photosynthesis
2. Oxygen for cellular respiration
3. Minerals needed for growth
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
![Page 14: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
II. HormonesII. Hormones
AuxinAuxin is a growth-promoting chemical that is a growth-promoting chemical that causes causes stems to bendstems to bend..
Experiment on page 598Experiment on page 598 Auxin accumulates on the dark side of a plant Auxin accumulates on the dark side of a plant
and causes the cells to and causes the cells to elongateelongate.. Another hormone is Another hormone is ethyleneethylene, which is a , which is a gas.gas. Ethylene stimulates fruit Ethylene stimulates fruit ripeningripening..
![Page 15: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Environmental Influences
I. Tropisms: responses in which plants grow either toward or away from a stimulus
A. The bending of a plant toward the light is a positive phototropism.
B. The downward growth of roots is a positive gravitropism.
C. The upward growth of shoots is a negative gravitropism.
![Page 16: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
D. Thigmotropism is a response to touch.
Coiling of a vine around a trellis is a positive thigmotropism.
![Page 17: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
II. Nastic movements are rapid, reversible responses to non-directional stimuli.
Examples include opening and closing
of flowers and closing of a Venus fly trap
![Page 18: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
III. Photoperiodism
• The response of a plant to the length of days and nights.
• Long-day plants produce flowers when days are longer than a certain number of hours.
• Examples: Irises
![Page 19: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Short-day plants produce flowers when days are shorter than a certain number of hours.
• Examples: Poinsettias
![Page 20: Asexual Reproduction in Plants Produces offspring genetically identical to parent Also known as vegetative reproduction](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062720/56649f0d5503460f94c2206c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Day-neutral plants do not require specific day lengths to flower.
Examples include roses, potatoes