ASADI Conference 2010ASADI Conference 2010 “Improving Access to Energy in Sub- “Improving Access to Energy in Sub-
Saharan Africa”Saharan Africa”09-10 November 201009-10 November 2010
Overcoming Energy Access Challenges in Overcoming Energy Access Challenges in Resource-Constrained Countries: The Resource-Constrained Countries: The
Case of Mozambique. Case of Mozambique.
[email protected]@uem.mz
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Introduction;Introduction;
Overview of Energy Situation in Sub-Overview of Energy Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa Saharan Africa
Energy Situation in Mozambique;Energy Situation in Mozambique;
Key Challenges;Key Challenges;
The Role of Institutions;The Role of Institutions;
Endnote.Endnote.
Part 1Part 1
IntroductionIntroduction
Poverty in Sub-Saharan AfricaPoverty in Sub-Saharan AfricaAbout one-fifth of the About one-fifth of the world's population is world's population is affected by poverty affected by poverty (living on less than $1 a (living on less than $1 a day);day);
Rural poverty accounts Rural poverty accounts for nearly 63 percent of for nearly 63 percent of poverty worldwide, poverty worldwide, reaching between 65 reaching between 65 and 90 percent in sub-and 90 percent in sub-Saharan Africa .Saharan Africa .
The Millennium Development GoalsThe Millennium Development Goals
The The universally universally adopted adopted framework for framework for combating combating poverty and poverty and promoting promoting developmentdevelopment
Energy and the MDGsEnergy and the MDGs
While there is no While there is no MDG specifically MDG specifically on energy, access on energy, access to energy services to energy services is a prerequisite is a prerequisite to the to the achievement of achievement of the eight MDGs. the eight MDGs.
Part 2Part 2
Review of Energy Situation in Review of Energy Situation in Sub-Saharan AfricaSub-Saharan Africa
Access to ElectricityAccess to Electricity
Rural and urban access to electricity in developing Rural and urban access to electricity in developing countries countries
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Developing countries
Latin America & Caribbean
China & Eastern Asia
South Asia
Northern Africa
Middle East
Sub-Saharan Africa
Percentage access
Rural
Urban
Energy UseEnergy Use
Per capita energy use by world region Per capita energy use by world region
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
OE
CD
-NA
OE
CD
-Pacif
ic
OE
CD
-Eu
rop
e
F.U
SS
R
No
n-O
EC
D-E
ur
ME
A&
NA
LA
C
Ch
ina
Asia
S.S
.A
Gig
ajo
ule
s p
er
cap
ita
Fuel ConsumptionFuel Consumption
Fuel consumption by regionFuel consumption by region
Electricity
Coal-based electricity
Coal
Petroleumfuels
Naturalgas
Biomass
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Northern Africa South Africa Sub-Saharan Africaexcluding South Africa
Region
Perce
ntage
Energy Potential Energy Potential
Huge resources Huge resources of both of both conventional (oil, conventional (oil, gas, coal) and gas, coal) and renewable energy renewable energy resources (solar, resources (solar, wind, geothermic, wind, geothermic, oceans, etc.).oceans, etc.).
Part 3Part 3
Energy Situation in Energy Situation in MozambiqueMozambique
Energy PovertyEnergy Poverty
The 2010 Energy Development IndexThe 2010 Energy Development Index
Grid Coverage Grid Coverage Increase from 8.2% to Increase from 8.2% to 14% from 2006 to 2009;14% from 2006 to 2009;
Expected to increase to Expected to increase to 20% by 2020;20% by 2020;
Grid energy comes Grid energy comes mainly from hydro;mainly from hydro;
Isolated grids based on Isolated grids based on diesel in some towns;diesel in some towns;
Soon grid will Soon grid will incorporate coal and incorporate coal and natural gas.natural gas.
Biomass UseBiomass Use
Shares about 80% Shares about 80% of energy of energy consumed in the consumed in the country;country;
Peri-urban areas Peri-urban areas use around 60% of use around 60% of biomass.biomass.
Domestic EnergyDomestic EnergyMostly sourced Mostly sourced from biomass from biomass (open fires still (open fires still the most the most common way of common way of cooking);cooking);
Kerosene for Kerosene for lighting only.lighting only.
Prices Prices versusversus biomass biomass consumptionconsumption
The poor are paying The poor are paying higher prices of energy higher prices of energy
Rural Social Infrastructures and Rural Social Infrastructures and VillagesVillages
The Government has been promoting electrification mainly The Government has been promoting electrification mainly via photovoltaics;via photovoltaics;
Part 3Part 3
Key Challenges for Key Challenges for Overcoming Energy AccessOvercoming Energy Access
Influencing Policy FormulationInfluencing Policy Formulation
The importance of energy is not well The importance of energy is not well reflected in the different policy reflected in the different policy documents for development and poverty documents for development and poverty reduction.reduction.
Promoting Transition from Traditional Promoting Transition from Traditional Energies to Modern OnesEnergies to Modern Ones
Complementarity of energy sources Complementarity of energy sources
Contributing for a more Efficient Contributing for a more Efficient GridGrid
Promoting use of more efficient appliances;Promoting use of more efficient appliances;
Integration of renewable energy passive and Integration of renewable energy passive and active designs.active designs.
Reducing Biomass Consumption in Reducing Biomass Consumption in Peri Urban HouseholdsPeri Urban Households
Could reduce Could reduce their their consumption of consumption of traditional traditional biomass by biomass by using electricity, using electricity, gas or kerosene gas or kerosene for cooking.for cooking.
Extending Electricity Coverage and Extending Electricity Coverage and Productive Uses of Energy to Rural AreasProductive Uses of Energy to Rural Areas
Promoting Promoting more more renewable renewable energy energy technologiestechnologies
Promoting Local Grids based on Promoting Local Grids based on RenewablesRenewables
The technology of hybris systems is The technology of hybris systems is becoming mature.becoming mature.
Bringing more Potable Water to Bringing more Potable Water to the Peoplethe People
Integrating more renewable energies.Integrating more renewable energies.
Bringing Some Electricity to the Bringing Some Electricity to the Rural PoorRural Poor
Promoting use of pico Systems, where Promoting use of pico Systems, where appropriate.appropriate.
Part 4Part 4
The Role of InstitutionsThe Role of Institutions
GovernmentGovernment
Creation of Creation of enabling enabling environment: environment: – awareness raising;awareness raising;– mapping of mapping of
resources;resources;– Demonstrations;Demonstrations;– education;education;– etc.etc.
Private Sector and NGOsPrivate Sector and NGOs
Dissemination of technologies and Dissemination of technologies and products; Working with communities.products; Working with communities.
Academies of ScienceAcademies of Science
Awareness raising;Awareness raising;
Promoting research; Promoting research;
Influencing policy Influencing policy formulation;formulation;
Capacity building;Capacity building;
Facilitation of Facilitation of networking of networking of scientistsscientists..
Part 5Part 5
EndnoteEndnote
Transition from traditional energies to modern Transition from traditional energies to modern ones is the main target to be achieved for ones is the main target to be achieved for improving access to energy. By a concerted improving access to energy. By a concerted action among the different actors at national action among the different actors at national and regional levels the goal can be achieved. and regional levels the goal can be achieved. Academies of science have a significant role to Academies of science have a significant role to play, particularly in mobilising international and play, particularly in mobilising international and regional expertise.regional expertise.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!