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Article Types in the Health Sciences-a review
Danielle Carlock
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OVERVIEW• When conducting a search for evidence, there
are many types of articles you may run into.– Primary research articles– Review articles– Case studies– Others (news, editorials, etc)
• It is imperative to be able to distinguish between these different article types
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PRIMARY RESEARCH ARTICLES
• Present the findings/results of a research study
• The authors of the article are the persons who conducted the research (i.e. primary)
• The article will include: why, how, what
• Typically published in scholarly journals and undergo peer review
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REVIEW ARTICLES
• A critical evaluation of recent research on a topic
• Are considered secondary sources• Generally are subject to peer review,
especially in the sciences & health sciences• Three main types:– Literature reviews– Systematic reviews– Meta analyses
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LITERATURE REVIEW• An overview of a topic written by an expert in the
field
• No new contributions to research; instead are summarizing the work of others
• In some ways similar to a research paper you might write in college
• Example
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW• Uses a rigorous, pre-planned process to find
and synthesis the results of many primary studies
• Involves a search of the literature using inclusion/exclusion criteria and then a systematic synthesis of the results
• Considered a high level of evidence (esp Cochrane Reviews)
• Example
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META ANALYSIS
1. A systematic review is carried out 2. The results from many studies are statistically
combined in order to summarize the overall outcome.
• Example
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CASE STUDIES OR CASE REPORTS
• A detailed report on one patient/case
• Draws conclusions only on one patient in one context-i.e. not generalizable
• Descriptive
• Goal is to offer new directions for research; ask new questions
• Example
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COMPARISION OF ARTICLE TYPESType of article Coverage Authorship Article ITSELF is
peer reviewedArticle type appears in peer reviewed journals
Case study Describes one individual patient
Authors are reporting on their own case
Sometimes, depends on the journal
Yes
Primary research
Describes one study
Authors are reporting on their own study
Yes Yes
Review Summaries many studies
Authors are reporting on the research of others
Usually Yes
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OTHER TYPES OF CONTENT IN PEER REVIEWED JOURNALS
• News articles• Letters• Editorials• Commentaries• Book reviews
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TYPES OF ARTICLES HOW REVIEWED
Primary research (primary)
Review articles (secondary)By peers (peer review)
Editorials/commentaries (secondary)
News items (secondary)
Letters (secondary) Book reviews (secondary) Any other article which is secondary (including magazine articles)
By editor (i.e. no peer review)
NOTE: ALL OF THESE ARTICLE TYPES CAN APPEAR IN A PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL