Introduction to Arthropods
Order: Acarina (Ticks)
Zoological Classification/ Systematics of tickPhylum: ArthopodaSub phylum: Chelicerata (Chelicerae digit, shaft, base)Class: Arachnida (pedipalp, 4 pairs of legs)Sub-class: Acari (Fusion of body segment)Order: Acarina (Stigmatal pores)Sub-order: Ixodoidae (Metastigmata; spiracle, hypostome, sensory organs)Family: Ixodidae (Hard ticks) Argasidae (Soft ticks)Genus:
Species: Boophilus microplus Argus percicus
Argus sppOtobius sppOrnithodorus spp
Ixodes sppBoophilus sppRhipicephalus sppHaemaphysalis sppDermacentor sppAmblyomma sppHyalomma spp
3
Diptera
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Ceratopognidae(Midges) Simulidae
(Black fly)Psychodidae
(Sand fly)Culicidae
(Mosquitoes)
Muscidea(House & Stable fly)
Calliphoridae(Blow fly)
Hippoboscidae(Forest fly &
keds)
Oestridae(bot fly)
Tabanidae(Horse fly)
Classification of Diptera
Order
Sub-Order
Family
Arthopoda
InsectaClass
Phylum
External Anatomy
External Anatomy Chitin??
Head
Head:Eyes: Simple or compoundMouth partsAntenna
Diochoptic (female)
Holoptic (male)
Antenna
Pilose type
Plumose type
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Antenna
Mouth part&
Maxillary Palps
Piercing-sucking Mouthparts Slashing-sponging Mouthparts Sponging Mouthparts
Plumose
Pilose
Stylet typeArista Type
Palp
Empodium, pad like structure
Pulvilli
Claw
Leg of a Mosquito
LegsWings
Neck:
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Wing(Cross Vein)
Black fly
Tabanus Musca domestica
Stomoxys calcitrans
Sand fly
Butcher's Cleaver
Fig: Wing of Tsetse fly( Butcher's Cleaver shaped discal cell)
Abdomen
Circulatory system
Bood: Plasma/Haemolymph/fluid partBood corpuscles/ Haemocytes
Internal Anatomy
Internal AnatomyDigestive system
1. Fore gut/Stomodeum (Buccal cavity, Pharynx, esophagus, crop, Proventiculus)/Gizzard have vulve and teeth)
2. Mid gut 3. Hind gut /proctodeum
Most absorption take place in gasrtic caecca
Respiratory system
Diffusion
O2
CO2
Excretory system
Nervous system
Nervous system:
Supraoesophageal ganglion=Brain
GanglionatedNerve Cord
Sensory Organ:EyeAntennaPlapVarious receptors of the body
Genital system
Vector:
1. Mechanical Vector2. Biological vector a. Cyclopropagative transmission (multiplication + Cyclical changes) b. Cyclodevelopmental transmission (only multiplication)