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Arterial Blood PressureANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 13-14
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点脉 Dim Mak = “Press Artery”
Pressure Point Fighting
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Arterial Blood Pressure WHAT IT IS:
Def: Measurement of the pressure exerted by the fluid medium (blood) on the interior walls of the circulatory vasculature
Measured as variance between:◦ Systolic (high)◦ Diastolic (low)
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Arterial Flow Primarily carrying oxygenated blood away from body
Vasculature is more muscular with elastic fibers to prevent distension (stretching out)
Visceral muscle of arteries can contract to maintain blood pressure
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FILTRATION 20 l/day enters capillaries
17 l/day leaves
3 l/day directed to lymphatic system
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Venous Circulation 60%-65% of blood currently venous return
Valves (similar to semilunar valves) prevent backflow of blood
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SURFACE AREA OF VASCULATURE V. VELOCITY OF BLOOD FLOW
As the surface area of the vasculature increases the velocity drops
As the total distance from the heart increases, velocity decreases (but not consistently)
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Assessment of Arterial Blood Pressure
Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
Ratio of systolic/diastolic (i.e. 120/80)
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SYSTOLE v. DIASTOLE Systole is the period of time in circulatory physiology defined by the following events:
Electrical Systole = QRS complex of EKG
Mechanical Systole = contraction of ventricular myocardium
Arterial Systole = blood ejected into aorta via aortic semilunar valve and pulmonary artery via pulmonary semilunar valves from the left and right ventricles respectively
Diastole is the period of time in circulatory physiology defined by the following events:
Electrical Diastole = P wave of EKG
Mechanical Diastole = contraction of atrial myocardium
Arterial Diastole = blood ejected into right ventricle from right atrium via tricuspid valve while simultaneous movement of blood from left atrium into left ventricle via bicuspid valve
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Where and how is blood pressure regulated by the body?
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Baroreception Baroreceptors located in the carotid sinus measure the arterial blood pressure
Messages sent from baroreceptors to the medulla oblongata via the Glossopharyngeal nerve
Return pathway to sino-atrial node via the Vagus nerve
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VASOREGULATION Vasodilation = increase diameter of vasculature
Vasoconstriction = decrease diameter
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How is arterial blood pressure assessed externally?
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SphygmomanometryAUSCULTATION
Manually listen for Kortokoff sounds while pressure is released on artery
OSCILLATION
Electronically sense oscillations in blood flow that correspond with cardiac events
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Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
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