ArsenicEnvironmentalestimates(circa2011):Supplementaldata
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TableofContents1.Dataforlifetimeexcesscancerriskestimates.....................................................................2
Overview.........................................................................................................................................2i. EnvironmentalConcentrations......................................................................................................2ii. CalculatedLifetimeDailyIntake...................................................................................................2iii. CancerPotencyFactors...............................................................................................................2iv. LifetimeExcessCancerRisk(permillionpeople)........................................................................3
Supportingdatabyexposurepathway............................................................................................3i. Outdoorair....................................................................................................................................3ii. Indoorair......................................................................................................................................3iii. Dust.............................................................................................................................................5iv. Drinkingwater.............................................................................................................................7v. FoodandBeverages.....................................................................................................................9
2.Dataqualityforlifetimeexcesscancerriskestimates........................................................12
3.Dataformappingconcentrations......................................................................................12Provincialestimates.......................................................................................................................12
i. RangeofPredictedConcentrations(µg/m3)byregion...............................................................12ii. Provincialtables.........................................................................................................................13
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1. DataforlifetimeexcesscancerriskestimatesOverviewThesummarydatausedtocalculatelifetimeexcesscancerriskandtheresultsforarsenicareprovidedinthetablesbelow.Formoredetailedinformationonsupportingdataandsources,seebelowforeachexposurepathway.
i. EnvironmentalConcentrations
ii. CalculatedLifetimeDailyIntake
iii. CancerPotencyFactors
SourcesforCancerPotencyFactors:
• HealthCanada,2010.FederalContaminatedSiteRiskAssessmentinCanada,PartI:GuidanceonHumanHealthPreliminaryQuantitativeRiskAssessment.Version2.0.
• HealthCanada,2010.FederalContaminatedSiteRiskAssessmentinCanada,PartII:HealthCanadaToxicologicalReferenceValues(TRVs)andChemical-SpecificFactors.Version2.0.
• UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyIntegratedRiskInformationSystem• CaliforniaOfficeofEnvironmentalHealthHazardAssessment,2009.AirToxicsHotSpotsRisk
AssessmentGuidelinesPartII:TechnicalSupportDocumentforCancerPotencyFactors,AppendixA.(Updated2011)
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iv. LifetimeExcessCancerRisk(permillionpeople)
1Lifetimeexcesscancerriskbasedonaverageintakexcancerpotencyfactorfromeachagency2Lifetimeexcesscancerriskbasedonmaximumintakexhighestcancerpotencyfactor3CaliforniaOfficeofEnvironmentalHealthHazardAssessment
Supportingdatabyexposurepathway
i. Outdoorair
Weassumearsenicispresentattheselevelsinalloutdoorair,althoughconcentrationsmayvaryfromonelocationtoanother.
ii. Indoorair
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Sourcesforindoorairdata:
• DermentzoglouM,ManoliE,SamaraC.2003.SourcesandpatternsofpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsandheavymetalsinfineindoorparticulatematterofGreekhouses.FreseniusEnvironmentalBulletin12:1511-1519.
• LaiHK,KendallM,FerrierH,LindupI,AlmS,HanninenO,etal.2004.PersonalexposuresandmicroenvironmentconcentrationsofPM2.5,VOC,NO2andCOinOxford,UK.AtmosphericEnvironment38:6399-6410.
• NaK,SawantAA,CockerIIIDR.2004.TraceelementsinfineparticulatematterwithinacommunityinwesternRiversideCountry,CA:focusonresidentialsitesandalocalhighschool.AtmosphericEnvironment38:2867-2877.
• PekeyB,BozkurtZB,PekeyH,DoganG,ZararsizA,EfeN,etal.2010.Indoor/outdoorconcentrationsandelementalcompositionofPM10/PM2.5inurban/industrialareasofKocaeliCity,Turkey.IndoorAir201020:112-125.
• SaxSN,BennettDH,ChillrudSN,RossJ,KinneyPL,SpenglerJD.2006.Acancerriskassessmentofinner-cityteenagerslivinginNewYorkCityandLosAngeles.EnvironmentalHealthPerspectives114:1558-1566.
iii. Dust
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Sourcesfordustdata:• DavisJJ,GulsonBL.2005.Ceiling(attic)dust:A"museum"ofcontaminationandpotential
hazard.EnvironmentalResearch99:177-194.• HensleyAR,ScottA,RosenfeldPE,ClarkJJJ.2007.Atticdustandhumanbloodsamplescollected
nearaformerwoodtreatmentfacility.EnvironmentalResearch105:194-199.• RasmussenPE,LevesqueC,ChénierM,GardnerHD,Jones-Otazo,H,PetrovicS.2013.Canadian
HouseDustSurvey:Population-basedconcentrationsofarsenic,cadmium,chromium,copper,nickel,lead,andzincinsideurbanhomes.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment443:520-529.
• RieuwertsJS,SearleP,BuckR.2006.BioaccessiblearsenicinthehomeenvironmentinsouthwestEngland.SceinceofTheTotalEnvironment371:89-98.
• TsujiJS,VanKerkoveMD,KaetzelRS,ScraffordCG,MinkPJ,BarrajLM,etal.2005.Evaluationofexposuretoarsenicinresidentialsoil.EnvironmentalHealthPerspectives113:1735-1740.
iv. Drinkingwater
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Sourcesfordrinkingwaterdata:• HealthCanada.2006.GuidelinesforCanadianDrinkingWaterQuality:GuidelineTechnical
Document-Arsenic.Ottawa,Ontario,Canada:WaterQualityandHealthBureau,HealthyEnvironmentsandConsumerSafetyBranch,HealthCanada.
• WilsonJ,SchreierH,BrownS.2008.ArsenicingroundwaterintheSurrey-Langleyarea.InstituteforResources&Environment,UniversityofBritishColumbia.ForFraserHealthAuthorityEnvironmentalHealthServicesandMinistryofEnvironment.
• WitmansMR,McDuffieHH,KarunanayakeC,KerrichR,PahwaP.2008.Anexploratorystudyofchemicalelementsindrinkingwaterandnon-Hodgkin'slymphoma.ToxicologicalandEnvironmentalChemistry90:1227-1247.
v. FoodandBeverages
Concentrationdatawereobtainedfor48%oftotalmeatconsumed,94%oftotalseafoodconsumed,30%oftotalfruitconsumed,52%oftotalvegetablesconsumed,9%oftotaldairyandeggsconsumed,65%oftotalgrainsconsumed,and35%oftotalbeveragesconsumed.
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2. DataqualityforlifetimeexcesscancerriskestimatesOnlypubliclyavailabledatawereusedtocalculatetheseindicators.Datathatarenotpubliclyavailablemayproducedifferentresults.Nosystematicmethodformeasuringdataqualitywaspossible,soweprovidethefollowingassessmentsofhowwellthedatausedmayrepresenttheactualCanadianaveragelevels.QualityisratedhigherwhentherearedatafromanumberofCanadianmonitors,orfromCanadianstudiesthatshowresultssimilartoothercomparablestudies.Qualityisratedlowerwhendatafromfewmonitorsorstudieswereavailable,andlowestwhenestimatesarebasedonnon-Canadiandata.Othersmayratedataqualitydifferently.
3.DataformappingconcentrationsProvincialestimates
i. RangeofPredictedConcentrations(µg/m3)byregionCanada:minimum0.00012tomaximum0.39BC:minimum0.00019tomaximum0.23AB:minimum0.00026tomaximum0.24SK:minimum0.00038tomaximum0.12MB:minimum0.00038tomaximum0.14ON:minimum0.00027tomaximum0.39QC:minimum0.00027tomaximum0.23NB:minimum0.00012tomaximum0.073PEI:minimum0.00037tomaximum0.017
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NS:minimum0.00016tomaximum0.091NFL:minimum0.00037tomaximum0.058YT:minimum0.00037tomaximum0.038NT:minimum0.00037tomaximum0.063NU:minimum0.00054tomaximum0.027
ii. ProvincialtablesTheaverageconcentrationofarsenicmeasuredinoutdoorairin2011was0.00043µg/m3,butconcentrationsofarseniccanbehigherorlowerthanaverageinmanylocations.Weusedamodeltopredictannualaverageconcentrationsofarsenicinoutdoorairatresidentiallocationsfortheyear2011inordertocalculatethenumberofpeopleineachexposurelevelbyprovinceorterritory.Thetablesbelowshowprovincialpopulationsbyconcentrationlevels(eitherannualaverageornumberoftimesabove/belowthenationalaverage)andtheassociatedpotentiallifetimeexcessriskgivendifferentcancerpotencyfactors.
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