Supporting information
Table 1S BET analysis of fly ash samples
FA-APCCharacterizatio
nUntreated
FADI
water0.01M HNO3
0.1M HNO3
0.1M Na2CO3
0.25M Na2CO3
Surface area (m2/g) 12.886 78.517 71.241 90.024 82.872 69.848
Total pore volume (cm3/g) 0.0203 0.1381 0.101 0.1228 0.1214 0.098559
Mean pore diameter (nm) 6.3049 6.6729 5.6735 5.4556 5.8589 5.6442
FA-LFCharacterizatio
nUntreated
FADI
water0.01M HNO3
0.1M HNO3
0.1M Na2CO3
0.25M Na2CO3
Surface area (m2/g) 31.46 28.354 29.315 26.849 33.352 23.309
Total pore volume (cm3/g) 0.1142 0.1176 0.1224 0.1195 0.1378 0.094038
Mean pore diameter (nm) 14.517 16.588 16.699 17.799 16.531 16.137
Coal fly ashCharacterizatio
n FA-LN FA-BT
Surface area (m2/g) 0.97067 2.5951
Total pore volume (cm3/g) 0.0013324 0.0027528
Mean pore diameter (nm) 5.4908 4.2431
Table 2S Particle characterization of untreated fly ash
Name Particle size distribution (µm) Density(kg/m3)
Moisture(%)D10 D50 D90
FA-APC 2.35 8.71 69.70 2,207 3.72FA-LF 6.24 28.53 123.00 1,914 12.99FA-LN 2.35 29.37 156.67 2,288 0.13FA-BT 2.01 14.80 62.13 2,166 0.28
Table 3S Particle size distribution of treated FA-APC and FA-LF
Name Particle size distribution (µm)D10 D50 D90
FA-APC
DI water 2.48 10.27 41.800.01M HNO3 2.88 11.13 46.930.1M HNO3 1.89 9.43 46.170.1M Na2CO3 2.88 11.63 39.070.25M Na2CO3 3.00 13.07 43.37
FA-LF
DI water 2.56 16.73 112.670.01M HNO3 3.97 20.23 127.000.1M HNO3 3.78 21.73 169.670.1M Na2CO3 2.57 13.23 75.100.25M Na2CO3 6.33 19.47 99.00
Table 4S Concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr and As from TCLP method
Type of sampleConcentration (mg/L)
Pb(5.0 mg/L)
Cd(1.0 mg/L)
Cr(5.0 mg/L)
As(5.0 mg/L)
Untreated fly ashFA-APC 6.820 <0.005 0.095 <0.005FA-LF 0.220 <0.005 0.009 <0.005FA-LN <0.005 <0.005 0.093 1.979FA-BT 0.440 <0.005 0.029 0.103
Mortar
FA-APC
Non-treated <0.005 <0.005 0.309 <0.005DI water <0.005 <0.005 0.323 0.00270.01M HNO3
<0.005 <0.005 0.348 <0.005
0.1M HNO3 <0.005 <0.005 0.306 <0.0050.1M Na2CO3
<0.005 <0.005 0.314 <0.005
0.25M Na2CO3
<0.005 <0.005 0.291 <0.005
FA-LF
Non-treated <0.005 <0.005 0.260 <0.005DI water <0.005 <0.005 0.227 <0.0050.01M HNO3
<0.005 <0.005 0.199 <0.005
0.1M HNO3 <0.005 <0.005 0.200 <0.0050.1M Na2CO3
<0.005 <0.005 0.184 <0.005
0.25M Na2CO3
<0.005 <0.005 0.210 <0.005
FA-LN Non-treated <0.005 <0.005 0.246 0.006FA-BT Non-treated <0.005 <0.005 0.269 0.001
Fig 1S Scanning electron microscope (SEM) illustrating morphology of
(A) FA-LN (B) FA-BT
A B
Fig 2S XRD analysis of fly ashes
MSWI FA 7.0 g + treated solution 35 mL
Filter and store at 4°C with pH<2
Digest in microwave digestion in 140°C for 3.5 minutes 240°C for 20 minutes.
Rotate at 30 ± 2 rpm for 60 minutes
Chemical analysis - ICP-OES - Potentiometric Method - Turbidimetric Method
Untreated fly ash and treated MSWI FA* 0.25 g + 7 mL of HNO3 + 1 mL of HCl
Filter and store at 4°C Treated MSWI FA
Fig 3S Extraction and digestion procedure of Cl-, SO42- and metals by treated solution (DI
water, 0.01M HNO3, 0.1M HNO3, 0.1M Na2CO3 and 0.25M Na2CO3)