AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and AnalysisFall 2009
Huang Yi [email protected]
SDE 1-5-33Tel: 6516 8519
Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Automation
Reading ListHuang, Yi Chun; Khee Poh Lam and Gregory Dobbs(2008). A Scalable Lighting Simulation Tool for Integrated Building Design. Proceedings of The Third National Conference of IBPSA-USA (SimBuild 2008), 30 July – 1 August 2008, San Francisco, USA. Pp 206-213.
Huang, Yi Chun, and Khee Poh Lam (2008). Automated Calculation of Lighting Regulations. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Building Energy and Environment (COBEE 2008), 13 - 16 July 2008, Dalian, China.
Biswas, Tajin, Tsung-Hsien Wang and Ramesh Krishnamurti (2008) Integrating Sustainable Building Rating Systems with Building Information Models. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CADDRIA 2008), 9-12 April 2008, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Pp. 193-200
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Automatic Calculation of Lighting Regulations
Huang, Yi Chun; Khee Poh Lam and Gregory Dobbs(2008). A Scalable Lighting Simulation Tool for Integrated Building Design. Proceedings of The Third National Conference of IBPSA-USA (SimBuild 2008), 30 July – 1 August 2008, San Francisco, USA. Pp 206-213.
Context and Motivation
Performance benchmarks in building design
1. Benefits of performance-based design and performance benchmarks- High performance buildings (integration, sustainability)- Vision, goals, objectives, tracking, assessments- Lindsey, 2003; Hitchcock, 2003; Deru, 2004
2. Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Fundamental (ir)radiance calculations might not provide operative information- Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Logistical effort in acquiring parameters- Time and effort in calculation procedures
3. Automated calculation of lighting regulations- Dual purposes: reduction in calculation and documentation effort- Market demand- Prevalence of BIM, opportunity for automation- Need to formulate calculation procedures as computable
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Context and Motivation
Performance benchmarks in building design
2. Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Fundamental (ir)radiance calculations might not provide operative information- Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks
USGBC LEED Rating SystemEQ 8.1 & 8.2 – Daylight and Views
Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building.
EQ 8.1 (Opt 1) – Achieve a minimum glazing factor of 2% in a minimum of 75% of all regularly occupied areas
EQ 8.2 – Achieve direct line of sight to the outdoor environment via vision glazing between 2’6” and 7’6” above finish floor for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas.
- Voluntary rating system- Widespread use by both governmental and private industry (Landman, 2005)- 2 lighting performance benchmarks
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Context and Motivation
Performance benchmarks in building design
2. Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Fundamental (ir)radiance calculations might not provide operative information- Lighting regulations (standards) as performance benchmarks- Logistical effort in acquiring parameters- Time and effort in calculation procedures
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Context and Motivation
Performance benchmarks in building design
3. Automated calculation of lighting regulations- Dual purposes: reduction in calculation and documentation effort- Market demand- Prevalence of BIM, opportunity for automation- Need to formulate calculation procedures as computable
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Objectives
Integration with Design Support Tool•Availability of performance benchmarks throughout design process•Reduction of time and effort
Formulation of benchmarks as computable•Formulation of calculation procedures as computable problems that can be evaluated by a computer automatically
•Resources required must be within the constraints of typical design practices
Improvements•Formulation of procedures as algorithms allows insight into benchmarks, and how they might be improved
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Framework
New Lighting Simulation Tool – Version 0.5Implemented as part of CMU Lighting Simulation Tool – part of effort to reduce effort & resourcesLEED automation – tracking performance during design iterations, documentation effort
Revit Model Material Properties Inspection and Editing
LEED Credit EQ 8.1. Glazing Factors
LEED Credit EQ 8.2. View-out Availability
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.1 (Opt 1) – Daylight AvailabilityAchieve a minimum glazing factor of 2% in a minimum of 75% of all regularly occupied areasMainly logistical task, variable values retrieved from BIM, minimal computation
AlgorithmStep 1: Find list of occupied spacesStep 2: Find list of windows in each spaceStep 3: Determine window type
(subdivide window if necessary)Step 4: Retrieve Tvis and calculate GF for all windowsStep 5: Tabulate GFs in each space (check if >2%) Step 6: Tabulate eligible floor area (check if ≥75%)
AnalysisO(nlogn) retrieval of lists and values from BIMStep 3: O(nlogn) retrieve window geometry
O(n) orientation and height determinationO(n) subdivision
O(n) GF calculations and tabulationLINEARITHMIC TIME PERFORMANCE
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.1 (Opt 1) – Daylight AvailabilityReal-time implementation, dynamic update as building model is modified
Automated Calculation of Lighting Regulations – Y.C. Huang
Parameters Inspection in Lighting Tool, no user intervention
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.1 (Opt 1) – Daylight AvailabilityReal-time implementation, dynamic update as building model is modified
Real-time calculation of LEED EQ 8.1
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.1 (Opt 1) – Daylight AvailabilityReal-time implementation, dynamic update as building model is modified
Tabulation for LEED EQ 8.1 submittal
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.2 – External ViewsAchieve direct line of sight to the outdoor environment via vision glazing between 2’6” and 7’6” above finish floor for building occupants in 90% of all regularly occupied areas.
Determine the area with direct line of sight by totaling the regularly occupied square footage that meets the following criteria:
- In plan view, the area is within sight lines drawn from perimeter vision glazing
- In section view, a direct sight line can be drawn from the area to perimeter vision glazing
Line of sight may be drawn through interior glazing.
For private offices, the entire square footage of the office can be counted if 75% or more of the area has direct line of sight to perimeter glazing. If less than 75%, actual compliant area is counted.
For multi-occupant spaces, the actual square footage with direct line of sight to perimeter glazing is counted.
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.2 – External Views2 step graphical calculation procedure (2D line-of-sight projections, 2nd pass confirmation)Implicit checks for internal wall openings
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.2 – External ViewsFormularization as computable, possible finite-element approach
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.2 – External ViewsDynamic implementation, fast update as building model is modified
Imported building model, no user intervention
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.2 – External ViewsDynamic implementation, fast update as building model is modified
Dynamic calculation of LEED EQ 8.2
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Tabulation for LEED EQ 8.2 submittal
Formulation as Computable
LEED EQ 8.2 – External ViewsDynamic implementation, fast update as building model is modified
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Summary of Results
Formulation of LEED EQ 8.1 & 8.2 as computable- Interoperability- Ray tracing- CMU Lighting Tool
Algorithm optimization – data structures
Benchmark clarification – steradians (computing speed-up)
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Modified Photon Mapping
Huang, Yi Chun (2009). “Implementation of a new simulation engine”. An Integrated Scalable Lighting Simulation Tool, Chapter 3. Unpublished manuscript.
Lighting Models
(Backwards) Raytrace and Photon Mapping
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Lighting Models
Raytracing might under-estimate ambient radiance
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Photon Mapping
Separating rendering equation into 4-components•Direct•Specular•Indirect•Caustics
Radiance of Point A as sum of direct, specular, indirect and caustics components
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r r i
r i l
r S i c i d
r D i c
r D i d
L x f x L x n d
f x L x n d
f x L x L x n d
f x L x n d
f x L x n d
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Radiance of as sum of direct, specular, indirect and caustics components
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r r i
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L x f x L x n d
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f x L x L x n d
f x L x n d
f x L x n d
Photon Mapping
Separating rendering equation into 4-components•Direct•Specular•Indirect•Caustics2-maps, check for duplicate pathsReflected caustics might be neglected
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Modified Photon Mapping
Separating rendering equation into 3-components•Direct•Indirect•CausticNo longer split into diffuse or specular terms, taken care of (and pre-computed) by BRDFNo need to check for duplicate pathsDiffused caustics accounted for
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Modified Photon Mapping
Accuracy of area estimation•Disc Vs. Sub-sampling
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Modified Photon Mapping
Accuracy of area estimation•Disc Vs. Sub-sampling
Direct visualization of photon map to show effect of approximated area (left), corrected area (right)
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Modified Photon Mapping
Progressive accuracy•Scalability•Use number of photons rather than samples
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Modified Photon Mapping
Power-based priority-queue
Conventional Russian Roulette (left), power-prioritized technique (right)
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Modified Photon Mapping
Direct sampling
A Scalable Lighting Simulation ToolFor Integrated Building Design
Huang, Yi Chun, and Khee Poh Lam (2008). Automated Calculation of Lighting Regulations. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Building Energy and Environment (COBEE 2008), 13 - 16 July 2008, Dalian, China.
Objective 1
Reduce resources required to conduct lighting simulationConducting a lighting simulation is time consuming, too many software to buy and learn.
DrawingsDocumentationEtc. Geometry
Modeling
Variables DefinitionE.g. Materials & Location
Simulation ParametersDefinition
Simulation
Results processing
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Objective 1
Reduce resources required to conduct lighting simulationReducing time and effort required to prepare for simulations (applicable to all domains)
DrawingsDocumentationEtc. Geometry
Modeling
Variables DefinitionE.g. Materials & Location
Simulation ParametersDefinition
Simulation
Results processing
Why should we spend time on this?
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Objective 1
Reduce resources required to conduct lighting simulationReducing time and effort required to prepare for simulations (applicable to all domains)
DrawingsDocumentationEtc.
Results processing
AutomatedProcessingAutomatic
XML-BasedParser
AutomaticDefaultValues Automatic
EngineSelection
AutomaticSimulationFiles Creation
ImprovedAnalysisFeaturesUser-editable
Input
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Objective 1
Reduce resources required to conduct lighting simulationDefinition of appropriate simulation parameters require much training and tacit knowledge
Time consuming
Backward Ray-trace parameters
Finite element Radiosity parameters
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
New information created in individual domain is updated to the BIM
SharedLocation
InformationDatabase
SharedBuilding
InformationModel
SharedConstruction
PropertiesDatabase
SHARED OBJECT MODEL
LIGHTING SIMULATIONASSUMPTIONS
-geometry abstractions-material properties(reflectance, specularity, etc)-luminare specification-schedules
ENERGY SIMULATIONASSUMPTIONS
-geometry abstractions-material properties(conductivity, specific heat, etc.)-lighting design level-schedules
Conflict?Information Update?
Conflict?Information Update?
Building Modeler Lighting Tool Energy Tool
Objective 2
Efficiency and consistency in defining BIM and assumptionsExternalizing project shared information
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Other domain apps SharedLocation
InformationDatabase
Objective 2
Efficiency and consistency in defining BIM and assumptionsExternalizing project shared information
SharedBuilding
InformationModel
SharedConstruction
PropertiesDatabase
Lighting Simulation Tool
Parser Parser
Parser
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Is there lighting sufficient in this
building?
Is there sufficient illuminance on
workplane in all occupied spaces?
LightingSimulation
What is the illuminance
distribution in this space?
Simulation Results(Illuminance data)
Typical Lighting Simulation
Check all occupied spaces ifilluminance > threshold
on workplane
Check if number of satisfactory spaces compliant
with regulationsSOLUTION
1. Design Question
2. Formulating well-formed problem by considering context and making relevant assumptions.
3. Formulating objectives solvable by lighting simulation
4. Analysis of results
5. Operative Information for design decision
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 1 - Introduction
Objective 3
Obtaining Operative Information for Design DecisionsLighting simulations address low-level objectives, not higher-level questions typical of primary design inquiries.
Objective 3
Obtaining Operative Information for Design DecisionsProviding post-processing analysis toolkit
Tone-mappersLuminance data inspection and false-color analysesLuminance ratios calculatorData comparisons
LEED rating system Credit 8.1 & 8.2 calculatorsTabulation of results
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Step 1 – User selects input file (as exported from Revit)
Step 2 – Missing information such as sky data and camera positions are set automatically
Step 3 – Default values are highlighted in red. User can edit values if necessary
Prototype of 2007 CMU Lighting Application v.0.5. The 3-step process to saving time.
Results
CMU Lighting simulation Tool – Version 0.5Java based application – ease of prototypingGeneral Parser – Revit-exported gbXML files & extended XML schemaRadiance engine integration – automatic simulation files generatorExternal Libraries – Location & Construction complete, rule based context recognitionVisualizations – HDRI support, False-color, Inspector, Comparator, Luminance RatiosPost-processing – LEED Credit EQ 8.1 & 8.2 calculators and tabulations
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Import BIM
VisualizeSimulation Results
PerformLighting SimulationUser
Edit BIM
CalculateLEED Benchmarks
FormComplete Model
DomainObject Model
<<include>>
<<include>>
GUI
Read/WriteBIM
New Lighting Tool BuildingInformation Model
SimulationResults
LocationDatabase
Shared Object Model*
Change Management
System*
Read/WriteSimulation Results
AccessDatabase
*External System
ConstructionDatabase
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Lighting Simulation Results
Demo 1
Dramatic reduction in effort to conduct lighting simulation
Revit Model
Export as gbXML file
Automatic processing byCMU Lighting Application
Generated Radiance Batch File
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Demo 2
Parametric Studies
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Demo 3
Design investigations and analyses
Revit Model Automatic processing byCMU Lighting Application
Automatic Radiance Batch Files
Results Analysis
Comparison between design changes
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Demo 4
Calculating LEED credits, tracking during design investigations
Revit Model Material Properties Inspection and Editing
LEED Credit EQ 8.1. Glazing Factors
LEED Credit EQ 8.2. View-out Availability
AR 4322 – Building Simulation and Analysis – Lecture 4 – Trends in Simulation
Sustainable Building Information Model (SBIM)Sponsored by: Autodesk® Revit
Professor Ramesh KrishnamurtiTajin Biswas
Tsung-Hsien WangYi Chun Huang
School of Architecture
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Approach (Integrating rating systems with design software via a framework)
Rating_1
Protocols
Rating System Evaluation
Direct Data Performance Data
BIM Simulation Tools
External Data
request
Sustainable Framework
Rating_2 Rating_n
Design Representation
software
Evolutionary benchmarks-different rating systems
Multiple goals and constraints at different phases of design-
Missing information
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Building Information Model Design and Interaction with General Framework
Framework Categorization
Major Phases
Feasibility Study-Pre design
Design
Construction Management/Planning
Decommissioning
Construction
Operation and maintenance
Major Categories
Owner Designer……
SiteBuildingMaterialIndoor EnvironmentEnergy .......
Pre Construction
Source and disposal
ConstructionCommissioning
Service and support
……..C1.5 Integrity of building envelope
C 1.6 HVAC Systems
C 1.7 Service Water Heating
C 1.8 Power Distribution Systems
C 1.9 Other Systems
C 1.10 Lighting Systems
C 1.11 Adaptability of systems.......
...... F 1.1 Energy efficiency
F 1.2 On site renewable energy
F 1.3 Alternative Green Energy
Sub Categories
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Framework Objects Mapping to Ratings (energy)
• Mapping of sub categories to objects that are required by different rating systems
Exhaustive list of attributes?
ID Object Name return type
Ex ref BIM ref
LEED BREEAM
Gr Star
F 1.1.1 ReductionOfEnergyFromBase number ref EA 1-10 Ene01 Ene 05 Mat-10 Ene-1
F 1.1.2 EnergySimulation yes/no Ref/process
EA 1-10 Ene01 Ene 05 Ene-Pre Ene-1
F 1.1.3 SimulationNumber number ref EA 1-10
ID Object Name return type Ex ref BIM ref LEED BREEAM Gr Star
C 1.5.1 Insulation yes/no ref 90.1-2004 5.4
material EA Preq2 EA 1-10
C 1.6.2 HVACType (enum 8types) ref ref sec 6.4 EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Ene-Pre Ene-1
C 1.7.1 ServiceWaterHeating ref ref equip EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Wat-3 C 1.8.1 PowerDistSystems ref ref sec 8.4 ref EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Ene-2
C 1.8.2 Electrical Submetering(enum lighting, fan, cooling tower, humidification..)
yes/no ref (SIBSE)
Ene02 Ene-2
C 1.9.1 OtherEquipment(motors) yes/no ref sec 10.4
yes/no EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Ene-2
C 1.10.1
Lighting(exterior, signs, grounds, parking)
yes/no ref sec 9.4
EA Preq2 EA 1-10 Ene04 Mat-10
C 1.10.2
LightFixtureType string light SS8 Pol 07 Emi-8
C 1.10.3
LightPowerDensity number process light SS8 Pol 07 Ene-3 Emi-8
C 1.10.4
FixturePower number light SS8 Pol 07 Emi-8
C 1.10.6
NumberOfLuminare number light SS8 Pol 07 Emi-8
……..C1.5 Integrity of building envelope
C 1.6 HVAC Systems
C 1.7 Service Water Heating
C 1.8 Power Distribution Systems
C 1.9 Other Systems
C 1.10 Lighting Systems
C 1.11 Adaptability of systems.......
...... F 1.1 Energy efficiency
F 1.2 On site renewable energy
F 1.3 Alternative Green Energy
Sub Categories
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Framework Objects Mapping to Simulation Model
• Mapping of objects that are required for simulation
Exhaustive list of attributes?
ID Object Name
F 1.1.1 ReductionOfEnergyFromBase
F 1.1.2 EnergySimulation
F 1.1.3 SimulationNumber
ID Object Name
C 1.5.1 Insulation
C 1.6.2 HVACType (enum 8types)
C 1.7.1 ServiceWaterHeating
C 1.8.1 PowerDistSystems
C 1.8.2 Electrical Submetering(enum lighting, fan, cooling tower, humidification..)
C 1.9.1 OtherEquipment(motors)
C 1.10.1
Lighting(exterior, signs, grounds, parking)
C 1.10.2
LightFixtureType
C 1.10.3
LightPowerDensity
C 1.10.4
FixturePower
C 1.10.6
NumberOfLuminare
……..C1.5 Integrity of building envelope
C 1.6 HVAC Systems
C 1.7 Service Water Heating
C 1.8 Power Distribution Systems
C 1.9 Other Systems
C 1.10 Lighting Systems
C 1.11 Adaptability of systems.......
...... F 1.1 Energy efficiency
F 1.2 On site renewable energy
F 1.3 Alternative Green Energy
Sub CategoriesBaseline Model for Simulation
Building & Location Info
Building GeometryBuilding EnvelopeService Hot WaterPowerLightingOther Loads
HVAC
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Event Detector
Event Detector
General Framework
GF
General Framework
GF
External Simulation Engine
SQLQuery
Request
Demo-Dec (cont.)
ApplicationGUI
ApplicationGUI
External DatabaseExternal
Database
System Updates
System Updates
Application Data
Manager
Application Data
Manager
GBXMLGBXML
BIMDatabase
BIMDatabase
Revit 2009407 S Craig Revit 2009407 S Craig 1,2
Application Design
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
External Databases
Revit
Collect building element
info
Generate Data Table
Populate
defaults
Others(e.g.Rain
fall Rates)
Others(e.g.Rain
fall Rates)
Building Information Database
Application
ResultEvaluation
(LEED, GREENSTAR)
Material Properti
es
Material Properti
es
Simulation(Energy, Lighting)
Simulation(Energy, Lighting)
Measure Databases
General Framewo
rk
General Framewo
rk
LEEDLEED
GreenStar
GreenStar
BREEAMBREEAM
SQL
Mdb Databas
e
Databases to Application via SQL
Case Study
407 S Craig St, PA (Front), LEED silver 407 S Craig St, PA (Back)
Skylights before Redesigned: Northern light and solar panelsSustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Model and Application
MainMain Information Display Information Display
NavigationNavigation
StatusStatus
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Calculating building and material reuse from model (LEED)
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Calculating building and material reuse from model (Green Star)
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Calculating number of parking and bicycle racks (Green Star)
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Calculating LEED SS 2 (Site Density)
350’
A B C
DEFFG
H
I
J
KL
M N
O
P
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Calculating LEED SS 2 (Finding Density Radius)
A
B C
DE
FG
H
IJ
KL
MN
O P
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Development Density
Calculating LEED SS 2 (Calculating Development Density)
Calculating LEED EA 1.1~1.10
Energy Optimization
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas & T.S. Wang
Appendix G – Information requirements
Originally intended for rating energy efficiencies of building designs that exceed the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1. There exists some proposed design, compare to baseline.
Our objective Generating baseline model from architectural model (no M&E specifications).
Baseline Model
Building & Location InfoBuilding GeometryBuilding EnvelopeHVACService Hot WaterPowerLightingOther Loads
Appendix G stipulates modeling requirements, especially the differences between the 2 models.Performance benchmarks are highlighted, NOT an exhaustive listing of attributes.
Proposed Design
Proposed Design ModelEnergy Simulation to quantify energy
improvement
Energy Usage Reports
LightsInternal Eqpt LoadsService Water HeatingSpace HeatingSpace CoolingHeat RejectionFansOther HVAC Eqpt
ASHRAE 90.1 Compliant
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Revit file
ContainsAll info
Generate idf file
Populate defaults
idf file(prep0)
HasGround
slab
Weather files
GroundCalcs
idf file(prep1)
Sizing Run
idf file(base)
Processes and Artifacts
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Processes Generate idf file
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Processes Generate idf file
ERROR
Zones
Is there HVAC
Zoning?
Are there Room
elements?
Form bounded zones from surfaces
Are the zones well-
formed?Is queue empty?
Process next zone
Add zones to unprocessed queue
Are there external walls?
Zone processing complete. Remove
from queue.
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
YesShould the
zone be subdivided?
No
Yes
Subdivide zone, add new geometry.
DONE
No
Yes
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Appendix G – EnergyPlus (idf) file
Basic Objects Required in all models
HVAC Objects Varies among models
Baseline Model
Building & Location Info
Building GeometryBuilding EnvelopeService Hot WaterPowerLightingOther Loads
HVAC
• Mapping of general categories• HVAC ontology varies
Exhaustive list of attributes?
Appendix G – EnergyPlus (idf) file Basic Objects
Color Key Class Leaf Convention : Class attributes might be other classes. Leaf is used here to refer to attributes that require values that do not reference other objects. Conceptually, a model is complete once all leaves(typically numerical or Boolean) are acquired.
VersionBuildingTimestep in hourInside Convection AlgorithmOutside Convection AlgorithmSolution AlgorithmRun Control
Location
Run PeriodLocationDesign DayGround TemperaturesWater Mains Temperatures
Simulation Parameters Surface Construction Elements
Material: RegularMaterial: Regular-RMaterial: AirMaterial: Window GlassMaterial: Window GasConstruction
Geometry
ZoneSurface GeometrySurface: Heat TransferSurface: Heat Transfer: SubSurface: Shading: Attached
Schedule
Schedule TypeSchedule: Compact
Internal Gains
PeopleLightsElectric Equipment
Air Flow
Infiltration
Reports
Report VariableReport Meter
Simulation ParametersLocationSchedulesReports
EnergyPlus Model
Surface Construction ElementsGeometryInternal GainsAirflow
DesignNode Branch ManagementPlant Condenser LoopsPlant Condenser ControlPlant Condenser Flow ControlAir DistributionSystem Availability ManagersSet Point ManagersControllersZone EquipmentAir Distribution EquipmentZone Controls and ThermostatsAir PathPlant EquipmentPumpsCoilsFans
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Design
Appendix G – EnergyPlus (idf) file HVAC ObjectsVAV w/PFP Boxes (System 8)
Node Branch Management
Node ListBranch ListConnector ListBranchPipe
Plant Condenser Control
Plant Operation SchemesCooling Load Range-based OpHeating Load Range-based OpPlant Equipment List
Plant Condenser Flow Ctrl
SplitterMixer
Plant Condenser Loops
Plant Loop
System Availability Managers
SAM ListSAM: ScheduledSAM: Low Temp. Turn Off
Set Point Managers
SPM: ScheduledSPM: Mixed Air
Sizing ParametersZone SizingSystem SizingPlant Sizing Air Distribution
Air Primary LoopController ListAir Loop Equipment ListOutside Air SystemOutside Air NodeOutside Air Inlet Node ListOutside Air Mixer
Controllers
Controller: SimpleController: Outside Air
Zone Equipment
Controlled Zone Equip. Config.Zone Equip. ListAir Distribution Unit
Air Distribution Equipment
Single Duct: VAV: Reheat
Zone Ctrls and Thermostats
Zone Control: ThermostaticSingle Heating SetpointSingle Cooling SetpointDual Setpoint with Deadband
Air Path
Zone Supply Air PathZone Return Air PathZone Return PlenumZone Splitter
Plant Equipment
Boiler: SimpleChiller: Electric
Pumps
Pump: Variable Speed
Coils
Coil: Water: CoolingCoil: Water: Simple Heating
Fans
Fan: Simple: Variable Volume
Simulation ParametersLocationSchedulesReports
EnergyPlus Model
Surface Construction ElementsGeometryInternal GainsAirflow
DesignNode Branch ManagementPlant Condenser LoopsPlant Condenser ControlPlant Condenser Flow ControlAir DistributionSystem Availability ManagersSet Point ManagersControllersZone EquipmentAir Distribution EquipmentZone Controls and ThermostatsAir PathPlant EquipmentPumpsCoilsFans
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Infiltration
Color Key Class Leaf Convention : Class attributes might be other classes. Leaf is used here to refer to attributes that require values that do not reference other objects. Conceptually, a model is complete once all leaves(typically numerical or Boolean) are acquired.
VersionBuildingTimestep in HourInside Conv. AlgorithmOutside Conv. AlgorithmSolution AlgorithmRun Control
Building
Building NameNorth AxisTerrainLoads Convr ToleranceTemp. ConvrToleranceSolar DistributionWarm-up Days
Simulation Parameters
Location
Run PeriodLocationDesign DayGround TemperaturesWater Mains Temp.
Location
Location NameLatitudeLongitudeTime ZoneElevation
Internal Gains
PeopleLightsElectric Equipment
People
NameZone NameNum People Sch NameNum People Calc MethodNum PeopleFraction RadiantActivity Level Sch Name
Lights
NameZone NameSchedule NameDesign Level Calc MethodLighting LevelReturn Air FractionFraction RadiantFraction VisibleFraction ReplaceableEnd-Use Subcategory
Electric Equipment
NameZone NameSchedule NameDesign Level Calc MethodDesign LevelFraction LatentFraction RadiantFraction Lost
NameZone NameSCHEDULE NameDesign Volume Flow Rate Calculation methodDesign Volume Flow RateFlow per Zone AreaFlow per Ext Surface AreaAir Changes Per HourConstant Term CoefficientTemp. Term CoefficientVelocity Term CoefficientVelocity Squared Term Coefficient
Air Flow
Infiltration
Schedule Type
Schedule: Compact
Schedule
Schedule TypeSchedule: Compact
Zone
Zone NameRelative NorthX OriginY OriginZ OriginTypeMultiplierCeiling HeightVolume
Surface Geometry
Surface Starting PositionVertex EntryCoordinate System
Geometry
ZoneSurface GeometrySurface: Ht TransferSurface: Ht Transfer: SubSurface: Shdi: Attached
Surface: Heat Transfer
Surface NameSurface TypeConstruction NameZone NameOutside Face EnvironmentOutside Face Env ObjectSun ExposureWind ExposureView Factor to GroundNum of Surface VertexVertex Coordinate
Surface: Ht Transfer: Sub
Surface NameSurface TypeConstruction NameBase Surface NameView Factor to GroundMultiplierNum of Surface VertexVertex Coordinate
Surface: Shd: Attached
Material: Regular
NameRoughnessThicknessConductivityDensitySpecific HeatAbsorptance: ThermalAbsorptance: SolarAbsorptance: Visible
Material: Regular-R
NameRoughnessThermal ResistanceAbsorptance: ThermalAbsorptance: SolarAbsorptance: Visible
Surface Const. Elements
Material: RegularMaterial: Regular-RMaterial: AirMaterial: Window GlassMaterial: Window GasConstruction
Material: Air
NameThermal Resistance
Material: Window Glass
NameOptical Data TypeSolar TransmittanceSolar Reflect.: Front SideSolar Reflect.: Back SideVisible TransmittanceVisible Reflect.: Front SideVisible Reflect.: Back SideIR TransmittanceIR Emissivity: Front SideIR Emissivity: Back SideConductivity
Material: Window Gas
NameGas TypeThickness
Construction
Reports
Report VariableReport Meter
Version
Version Identifier
Timestep in Hour
Timestep in Hour
Inside Conv Algorithm
Inside Conv Algorithm
Outside Conv Algorithm
Outside Conv Algorithm
Solution Algorithm
Solution Algorithm
Run Control
Run Control
Run Period
Run Period StartRun Period EndStart DayUse Weather File HolidaysUse Weather File DLSApply Weekend RuleWeather File Rain Ind.Weather File Snow Ind.
Design Day
Design Day NameMax Dry Bulb TemperatureDaily Temperature RangeHumidity Ind. ConditionsBarometric PressureWind SpeedWind DirectionSky ClearnessRain IndicatorSnow IndicatorDay of MonthMonthDay TypeDLS IndicatorHumidity Indicating Type
Ground Temperatures
Monthly Grd Temp.
Report Variable
Report NameReporting Frequency
Report Meter
Meter NameReporting Frequency
Schedule Type NameRangeNumeric Type
NameSchedule TypeWeek ScheduleDay Schedule
Surface NameBase Surface NameTransSchedShadowSurfNum of Surface VertexVertex CoordinateName
Outside LayerLayer
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Infiltration
VersionBuildingTimestep in HourInside Conv. AlgorithmOutside Conv. AlgorithmSolution AlgorithmRun Control
Building
Building NameNorth AxisTerrainLoads Convr ToleranceTemp. ConvrToleranceSolar DistributionWarm-up Days
Simulation Parameters
Location
Run PeriodLocationDesign DayGround TemperaturesWater Mains Temp.
Location
Location NameLatitudeLongitudeTime ZoneElevation
Internal Gains
PeopleLightsElectric Equipment
People
NameZone NameNum People Sch NameNum People Calc MethodNum PeopleFraction RadiantActivity Level Sch Name
Lights
NameZone NameSchedule NameDesign Level Calc MethodLighting LevelReturn Air FractionFraction RadiantFraction VisibleFraction ReplaceableEnd-Use Subcategory
Electric Equipment
NameZone NameSchedule NameDesign Level Calc MethodDesign LevelFraction LatentFraction RadiantFraction Lost
NameZone NameSCHEDULE NameDesign Volume Flow Rate Calculation methodDesign Volume Flow RateFlow per Zone AreaFlow per Ext Surface AreaAir Changes Per HourConstant Term CoefficientTemp. Term CoefficientVelocity Term CoefficientVelocity Squared Term Coefficient
Air Flow
Infiltration
Schedule Type
Schedule: Compact
Schedule
Schedule TypeSchedule: Compact
Zone
Zone NameRelative NorthX OriginY OriginZ OriginTypeMultiplierCeiling HeightVolume
Surface Geometry
Surface Starting PositionVertex EntryCoordinate System
Geometry
ZoneSurface GeometrySurface: Ht TransferSurface: Ht Transfer: SubSurface: Shdi: Attached
Surface: Heat Transfer
Surface NameSurface TypeConstruction NameZone NameOutside Face EnvironmentOutside Face Env ObjectSun ExposureWind ExposureView Factor to GroundNum of Surface VertexVertex Coordinate
Surface: Ht Transfer: Sub
Surface: Shd: Attached
Material: Regular
NameRoughnessThicknessConductivityDensitySpecific HeatAbsorptance: ThermalAbsorptance: SolarAbsorptance: Visible
Material: Regular-R
NameRoughnessThermal ResistanceAbsorptance: ThermalAbsorptance: SolarAbsorptance: Visible
Surface Const. Elements
Material: RegularMaterial: Regular-RMaterial: AirMaterial: Window GlassMaterial: Window GasConstruction
Material: Air
NameThermal Resistance
Material: Window Glass
NameOptical Data TypeSolar TransmittanceSolar Reflect.: Front SideSolar Reflect.: Back SideVisible TransmittanceVisible Reflect.: Front SideVisible Reflect.: Back SideIR TransmittanceIR Emissivity: Front SideIR Emissivity: Back SideConductivity
Material: Window Gas
NameGas TypeThickness
Construction
Reports
Report VariableReport Meter
Version
Version Identifier
Timestep in Hour
Timestep in Hour
Inside Conv Algorithm
Inside Conv Algorithm
Outside Conv Algorithm
Outside Conv Algorithm
Solution Algorithm
Solution Algorithm
Run Control
Run Control
Run Period
Run Period StartRun Period EndStart DayUse Weather File HolidaysUse Weather File DLSApply Weekend RuleWeather File Rain Ind.Weather File Snow Ind.
Design Day
Design Day NameMax Dry Bulb TemperatureDaily Temperature RangeHumidity Ind. ConditionsBarometric PressureWind SpeedWind DirectionSky ClearnessRain IndicatorSnow IndicatorDay of MonthMonthDay TypeDLS IndicatorHumidity Indicating Type
Ground Temperatures
Monthly Grd Temp.
Report Variable
Report NameReporting Frequency
Report Meter
Meter NameReporting Frequency
Schedule Type NameRangeNumeric Type
NameSchedule TypeWeek ScheduleDay Schedule
Surface NameBase Surface NameTransSchedShadowSurfNum of Surface VertexVertex CoordinateName
Outside LayerLayer
Surface NameSurface TypeConstruction NameBase Surface NameView Factor to GroundMultiplierNum of Surface VertexVertex Coordinate
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Infiltration
VersionBuildingTimestep in HourInside Conv. AlgorithmOutside Conv. AlgorithmSolution AlgorithmRun Control
Simulation Parameters
Location
Run PeriodLocationDesign DayGround TemperaturesWater Mains Temp.
Internal Gains
PeopleLightsElectric Equipment
People
Lights
Electric Equipment
NameZone NameSchedule NameDesign Level Calc MethodDesign LevelFraction LatentFraction RadiantFraction Lost
NameZone NameSCHEDULE NameDesign Volume Flow Rate Calculation methodDesign Volume Flow RateFlow per Zone AreaFlow per Ext Surface AreaAir Changes Per HourConstant Term CoefficientTemp. Term CoefficientVelocity Term CoefficientVelocity Squared Term Coefficient
Air Flow
Infiltration
Schedule Type
Schedule: Compact
Schedule
Schedule TypeSchedule: Compact
Zone
Zone NameRelative NorthX OriginY OriginZ OriginTypeMultiplierCeiling HeightVolume
Surface Geometry
Surface Starting PositionVertex EntryCoordinate System
Geometry
ZoneSurface GeometrySurface: Ht TransferSurface: Ht Transfer: SubSurface: Shdi: Attached
Surface: Heat Transfer
Surface NameSurface TypeConstruction NameZone NameOutside Face EnvironmentOutside Face Env ObjectSun ExposureWind ExposureView Factor to GroundNum of Surface VertexVertex Coordinate
Surface: Ht Transfer: Sub
Surface NameSurface TypeConstruction NameBase Surface NameView Factor to GroundMultiplierNum of Surface VertexVertex Coordinate
Surface: Shd: Attached
Material: Regular
NameRoughnessThicknessConductivityDensitySpecific HeatAbsorptance: ThermalAbsorptance: SolarAbsorptance: Visible
Material: Regular-R
NameRoughnessThermal ResistanceAbsorptance: ThermalAbsorptance: SolarAbsorptance: Visible
Surface Const. Elements
Material: RegularMaterial: Regular-RMaterial: AirMaterial: Window GlassMaterial: Window GasConstruction
Material: Air
NameThermal Resistance
Material: Window Glass
NameOptical Data TypeSolar TransmittanceSolar Reflect.: Front SideSolar Reflect.: Back SideVisible TransmittanceVisible Reflect.: Front SideVisible Reflect.: Back SideIR TransmittanceIR Emissivity: Front SideIR Emissivity: Back SideConductivity
Material: Window Gas
NameGas TypeThickness
Construction
Reports
Report VariableReport Meter
Version
Version Identifier
Timestep in Hour
Timestep in Hour
Inside Conv Algorithm
Inside Conv Algorithm
Outside Conv Algorithm
Outside Conv Algorithm
Solution Algorithm
Solution Algorithm
Run Control
Run Control
Run Period
Run Period StartRun Period EndStart DayUse Weather File HolidaysUse Weather File DLSApply Weekend RuleWeather File Rain Ind.Weather File Snow Ind.
Design Day
Design Day NameMax Dry Bulb TemperatureDaily Temperature RangeHumidity Ind. ConditionsBarometric PressureWind SpeedWind DirectionSky ClearnessRain IndicatorSnow IndicatorDay of MonthMonthDay TypeDLS IndicatorHumidity Indicating Type
Ground Temperatures
Monthly Grd Temp.
Report Variable
Report NameReporting Frequency
Report Meter
Meter NameReporting Frequency
Schedule Type NameRangeNumeric Type
NameSchedule TypeWeek ScheduleDay Schedule
Surface NameBase Surface NameTransSchedShadowSurfNum of Surface VertexVertex CoordinateName
Outside LayerLayer
Building
Building NameNorth AxisTerrainLoads Convr ToleranceTemp. ConvrToleranceSolar DistributionWarm-up Days
Location
Location NameLatitudeLongitudeTime ZoneElevation
NameZone NameNum People Sch NameNum People Calc MethodNum PeopleFraction RadiantActivity Level Sch Name
NameZone NameSchedule NameDesign Level Calc MethodLighting LevelReturn Air FractionFraction RadiantFraction VisibleFraction ReplaceableEnd-Use Subcategory
Attributes available in REVIT model
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Color Key Class Leaf Convention : Class attributes might be other classes. Leaf is used here to refer to attributes that require values that do not reference other objects. Conceptually, a model is complete once all leaves(typically numerical or Boolean) are acquired.
Design
NodeBranchManagement
Node ListBranch ListConnector ListBranchPipe
Plant Condenser Control
Plant Operation SchemesCooling Load Range-based OpHeating Load Range-based OpPlant Equipment List
Plant Condenser Flow Ctrl
SplitterMixer
Plant Condenser Loops
Plant Loop
System Availability Managers
SAM ListSAM: ScheduledSAM: Low Temp. Turn Off
Set Point Managers
SPM: ScheduledSPM: Mixed Air
Sizing ParametersZone SizingSystem SizingPlant Sizing
Air Distribution
Air Primary LoopController ListAir Loop Equipment ListOutside Air SystemOutside Air NodeOutside Air Inlet Node ListOutside Air Mixer
Sizing Parameters
Sizing FactorTime Steps in Averaging Win.
System Sizing
NameofAir Primary Loop Obj.Type of Load to Size onDesign (min) Outside A.V. FR.Min System Air Flow RatePreheat Design TemperaturePreheat Design Humidity RtPrecool Design TemperaturePrecool Design Humidity RtCen.Cool Design Sup.AirTempCen.Heat Design Sup.AirTempSizing OptionCooling 100% Outside AirHeating 100% Outside AirCen.CoolDesg Sup.Air.Hum.RtCen.HeatDesg Sup.Air.Hum.RtCooling Design Air Flow Meth.Cooling Design Air Flow Rate
Zone Sizing
Name of a zoneCooling Design Sup. Air Temp.Heating Design Sup. Air Temp.Cooling Design Sup. Air HumRHeating Design Sup. Air HumROutside Air MethodOutside Air Flow per PersonOutside Air Flow p. Zone AreaOutside Air Flow per ZoneZone Sizing FactorCoolingDesign Air Flow Meth.HeatingDesign Air Flow Meth.
Plant Sizing
Name of a Plant LoopLoop TypeDesign Loop Exit TemperatureDesign Loop Delta T
Node List
Node List NameNode_ID
Connector List
Connector List NameType of ConnectorName of Connector
Branch List
Branch List NameBranch Name
Pipe
Pipe NameInlet Node NameOutlet Node Name
Branch
Branch NameMaximum Branch Flow RateComp TypeComp NameComp Inlet Node NameComp Outlet Node NameComp Branch Control Type
Plant Loop
Plant Loop NameFluid TypePlant Op. Scheme List NameLoop Temp. SP Node NameMaximum Loop TemperatureMinimum Loop TemperatureMaximum Loop Vol. FlowRateMinimum Loop Vol. FlowRatePlant Side Inlet Node NamePlant Side Outlet Node NamePlant Side Branch List NamePlant Side Connector List Nm.DemandSide Inlet NodeNm.DemandSide Outlet NodeNm.DemandSide Branch List Nm.DemandSide Con. List Nm.Load Distribution SchemeSystem Available Manager List
Plant Condenser Control
PlantOperationSchemeNameControl SchemeControl Scheme NameControl Scheme Schedule
Plant Equipment List
Equip List NameKEY—Plant EquipEquip Name
Cooling Load Rangebased Op
NameLoad Range Lower LimitLoad Range Upper LimitPriority Control Equip List Nm.
Heating Load Rangebased Op
NameLoad Range Lower LimitLoad Range Upper LimitPriority Control Equip List Nm.
Splitter
SplitterNameInlet Branch NameOutlet Branch Name
Mixer
MixerNameOutlet Branch NameInlet Branch Name
Air Primary Loop
Primary Air Loop NameName: Controller ListName: SAM ListPrimary Air Design Vol. FRAir Loop Branch List NameReturnAir AirLoop Inlet NodeZoneEquipGroup Outlet NodeSupplyAirPath ZEG InletNodesAirLoop Outlet Node
Outside Air System
NameName: Controller ListName of Air Loop Equip ListName of a SAM List
Controller List
NameController TypeController Name
Air Loop Equipment List
NameKEY—System ComponentComponent Name
Outside Air Node
Node NameHeight Above Ground
Outside Air Inlet Node List
Node Name
Outside Air Mixer
NameMixed_Air_NodeOutside_Air_Stream_NodeRelief_Air_Stream_NodeReturn_Air_Stream_Node
SAM List
NameSAM TypeSAM Name
SAM: Low Temp. Turn Off
NameSensor NodeTemperatureApplicability Schedule Name
SAM: Scheduled
NameSchedule Name
SPM: Mixed Air
NameControl VariableReference SP Node NameFan Inlet Node NameFan Outlet Node NameName of the Set Point Node
SPM: Scheduled
NameControl VariableSchedule NameName of the set point Node
Controllers
Controller: SimpleController: Outside Air
Zone Equipment
Controlled Zone Equip. Config.Zone Equip. ListAir Distribution Unit
Air Distribution Equipment
Single Duct: VAV: Reheat
Zone Equip. List
NameZone Equipment TypeType Name
ControlledZone Equip.Config.
Zone NameList Name: Zone EquipmentZone Air Inlet Node(s)Zone Air Exhaust Node(s)Zone Air Node NameZone Return Air Node Name
Air Distribution Unit
Air Distribution Unit NameAirDistUnit Outlet NodeNameSystem Component TypeComponent Name
Controller: Simple
NameControl VariableActionActuator variableControl_NodeActuator_NodeContr. Convergence ToleranceMax Actuated FlowMin Actuated Flow
Controller: Outside Air
NameEconomizer ChoiceReturnAir TempLimitReturnAir EnthalpyLimitLockoutMinimum LimitControl_NodeActuated_NodeMin outside air flow rateMax outside air flow rateTemperature LimitTemperature lower limitRelief_Air_Outlet_NodeReturn_Air_NodeMin Outside Air Sch Name
Single Duct: VAV: Reheat
Name of the SystemSystem Available ScheduleDamper Air Outlet NodeUnit Air Inlet NodeMaximum Air Flow RateZone Minimum Air Flow FractionControl nodeReheat Component ObjectName of Reheat ComponentMax Reheat Water FlowMin Reheat Water FlowUnit Air Outlet NodeConvergence ToleranceDamper Heating Action
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang
Zone Ctrls and Thermostats
Zone Control: ThermostaticSingle Heating SetpointSingle Cooling SetpointDual Setpoint with Deadband
Air Path
Zone Supply Air PathZone Return Air PathZone Return PlenumZone Splitter
Plant Equipment
Boiler: SimpleChiller: Electric
Pumps
Pump: Variable Speed
Coils
Coil: Water: CoolingCoil: Water: Simple Heating
Fans
Fan: Simple: Variable Volume
Zone Control: Thermostatic
Thermostat NameZone NameControl Type Schedule NameControl TypeControl Type Name
Single Heating Setpoint
NameSetpoint Temp. Sch. Name
Single Cooling Setpoint
NameSetpoint Temp. Sch. Name
DualSetPoint with Deadband
NameHeating SP Temp. Sch. NameCooling SP Temp. Sch. Name
Fan: Simple: Variable Volume
Fan NameAvailable ScheduleFan Total EfficiencyDelta PressureMax Flow RateMin Flow RateMotor EfficiencyMotor In Airstream FractionFan CoefficienctFan_Inlet_NodeFan_Outlet_Node
Pump: Variable Speed
Pump NameInlet_NodeOutlet_NodeRated Volumetric Flow RateRated Pump HeadRated Power ConsumptionMotor EfficiencyFraction of Motor Inefficiencies to Fluid StreamCoefficientMin Flow RatePump Control TypePump Flow Rate Schedule
Coil: Water: Cooling
Coil NameAvailable ScheduleDesign Water Flow Rate of CoilDesign Air Volume Flow RateDesign Inlet Water TempDesign Inlet Air TempDesign Outlet Air TempDesign Inlet Air Humidity RtDesign Outlet Air Humidity RtCoil_Water_Inlet_NodeCoil_Water_Outlet_NodeCoil_Air_Inlet_NodeCoil_Air_Outlet_NodeType of AnalysisHeat Exchanger Configuration
Coil: Water: Simple Heating
Coil NameAvailable ScheduleUA of the CoilMax Water Flow Rate of CoilCoil_Water_Inlet_NodeCoil_Water_Outlet_NodeCoil_Air_Inlet_NodeCoil_Air_Outlet_NodePerformance Input MethodNominal Capacity Design Inlet Water TempDesign Inlet Air TempDesign Outlet Water TempDesign Outlet Air Temp
Chiller: Electric
Chiller NameCondenser TypeNominal CapacityCOPPlant_Side_Inlet_NodePlant_Side_Outlet_NodeCondenser Side_Inlet_NodeCondenserSide_Outlet_NodeMinimum Part Load RatioMaximum Part Load RatioOpt Part Load RatioTemp Design Condenser InletTemp Rise CoefficientTemp Design Evap OutletDesign Evap Vol Water FRCoefficientTemp Lower Limit Evap OutletChiller Flow Mode
Boiler: Simple
Boiler NameFuel TypeNominal CapacityTheoretical Boiler EfficiencyDesign Water Outlet TempMax Design Boiler Water FRMinimum Part Load RatioMaximum Part Load RatioOpt Part Load RatioCoefficientBoiler_Water_Inlet_NodeBoiler_Water_Outlet_NodeTemp Upper Limit Water OutletBoiler Flow Mode
Zone Return Air Path
Return Air Path nameReturn Air Path Inlet NodeKey: System Component TypeComponent Name
Zone Supply Air Path
Supply Air Path nameSupply Air Path Inlet NodeKey: System Component TypeComponent Name
Zone Return Plenum
Zone Plenum nameZone nameZone Node nameOutlet_NodeInlet_Node
Zone Splitter
Splitter nameInlet_NodeOutlet_Node
Color Key Class Leaf Convention : Class attributes might be other classes. Leaf is used here to refer to attributes that require values that do not reference other objects. Conceptually, a model is complete once all leaves(typically numerical or Boolean) are acquired.
Sustainable Evaluation of Buildings – T. Biswas, Y.C. Huang & T.S. Wang