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Applied Sensor Technology
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Outline
•Introduction
•Examples of Sensors
•Basic readout electronics
•Semiconductor detectors
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Introduction
• A sensor measure various physical parameters– Motion
– Height, weight and volume
– Pressure, Tensile stress
– Temperature
– Flow
– Irradiation
– Energy
– ………
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Introduction• Why do we need sensors?
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Introduction
Elements of a measurement system
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
•Sensor Characteristics–Accuracy–Calibration–Dead-zone–Drift–Error–Hysteresis–Lag–Linearity–Operating life–Precision
•Sensor Characteristics–Range–Rating–Reliability–Repeatability–Reproducibility–Response–Resolution–Sensitivity–Stability–Static error–Tolerance
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Introduction
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Examples of Sensors
•Resistance Strain Gauge–Measure change in size of a solid object, due to the object being strained.
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Examples of Sensors
•Measuring volume in a fuel tank
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Examples of Sensors
•Piezoelectric pressure sensor–Mechanical pressure–Gas pressure
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Examples of Sensors• Audio (change in air pressure)
–Recording–Mixing (Signal processing)
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Examples of Sensors
•Temperature measurement, thermocouple element
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Examples of Sensors
•Temperature measurement by heat radiation
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Basic readout electronics
•Purpose–Amplify small signal from the sensor–Signal processing to suppress noise
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Basic readout electronics
•Operational amplifier–Voltage Comparator–Voltage amplifier
•Inverting•Non-inverting
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Basic readout electronics
•Operational amplifier–Differential amplifier–Instrumentation amplifier
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Basic readout electronics
•Operational amplifier–Voltage amplifier–Current amplifier
–Charge sensitive amp.
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Semiconductor detectors
Sensors forradiation
measurement
Ionised particle detectors
Photon detectors
Photografic detectors
Photoelectric detectors
Photo-conductive
Photo-voltaic
Photo-emissive
Scintillators
Ionisation chambers
Semiconductor detectors
Particle identity
Time of flight
E-E de tector telescope
Integ rated E-E detector telescope
Pulse shape d iscrimination
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Semiconductor detectors
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Semiconductor detectors
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Semiconductor detectors
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Semiconductor detectors
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Semiconductor detectors
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•Low non linearity ~0.1%
•Independent of light spot focus
•Simple calculation of the position
Lateral photoeffect PSD
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Applied Sensor Technology
• Semiconductor physics• Semiconductor processing• Analog Electronics
• http://apachepersonal.miun.se/~gorthu/AST/