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APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUE IN ANIMAL DISEASE SURVEILLANCE AT NATIONAL VETERINARY RESEARCH INSTITUTE,
VOM NIGERIA
LAZARUS, D. D*.; FASINA, F. O.; MESEKO, C. A.; ULARAMU, G. H.; WOMA, T. Y.; JOANNIS, T. M.; IBRAHIM, G. A.; SHAMAKI, D.; AHMED, M. S.
NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL ENERGY MASTERPLAN IN THE NUCLEAR SECTOR, 1-2 NOVEMBER, 2010
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Background History of NVRI
• NVRI-established as a Vet. Dept. in Zaria, 1913.
• conducting livestock Census• disease surveys• controlling disease by isolation & quarantine• It was relocated to Vom in 1924 as a Vet. Lab.• In the same year, the first biological was
produced to control rinderpest outbreaks.
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Background History of NVRI
• By the production of the first anti-rinderpest serum in 1924, it became a pioneer Institute in W. African sub-region in the production of a wide range of vaccines.
• Up to 1972, apart from meeting the local demand, the Institute also supplied vaccines to all the Anglo-phone countries in the sub-region.
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Mandate
• To conduct research into all aspects of animal diseases, their treatments and controls.
• To develop and produce animal vaccines, sera and biologicals to meet national demand.
• To provide surveillance and diagnosis for animal diseases.
• To introduce exotic stock for improved egg, meat and milk production.
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Mandate
• To provide extension services to poultry and livestock farmers.
• To train intermediate manpower in Veterinary Laboratory Technology and Animal Health and Production Technology.
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Introduction
• The early, rapid and sensitive diagnosis of infectious animal diseases is a high priority to ensure food security.
• Most of the modern biotechnologies rely on nuclear inputs, either in their development or their implementation phase.
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Introduction
• Nuclear, nuclear associated/related techniques, including ELISA, PCR and nucleic acid sequencing, ensure that these food security priorities are met.
• Recently developed real time PCR tests for most TADs now enable specific identification of the organisms.
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Introduction
• There is an advantage in providing diagnostic results at the pen side, to enable immediate decision on appropriate control measures.
• Radiation inactivation is another technique that has enormous potential for producing vaccines against pathogens that have so far proved intractable and in finding methods to protect against infections.
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Introduction
• The IAEA has produced and validated ELISA kits that are now in use for diagnostic purpose.
• Rinderpest• FMD• ND• Brucellosis• Trypanosomosis
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Application
• The use of isotope related techniques in disease management:
• Diagnoses• Epidemiological studies• Sero-monitoring to verify vaccination coverage• Surveillance to monitor outbreaks• Epidemiological surveys to declare freedom of
disease
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Application
• Rinderpest is today eradicated worldwide through combinations of nuclear techniques (ELISA) and epidemiological surveys.
• Nigeria was involved in this exercise for over 5-years leading to the declaration freedom from Rinderpest disease status for Nigeria early this year (May, 2010).
• The Avian Influenza outbreak that struck Nigeria was controlled through targeted surveillance across the country including the use of nuclear techniques (ELISA and PCRs).
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Application
• The Institute was keenly involved in national surveillance especially at the laboratory levels for the declaration of freedom from rinderpest.
• Over 6000 samples were collected from both domestic animals and the wildlife and analyzed for antibodies to rinderpest.
• Since the ASF outbreak in 1997, the Institute has applied ELISA and Immunoblotting as a routine tool in diagnoses and surveillance.
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Application
• For AI, ND and other avian viruses similar techniques are in use for their diagnoses and control.
• For FMD, both solid and liquid phase ELISA technique are in application for diagnoses.
• Similarly, for PPR, both competitive and immunocapture ELISA.
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Indirect ELISA plate for ASF
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M LN PT C- C+
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Phylogenetic analysis of Asian and African strains of rinderpest based on sequence data derived from fusion protein gene
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Add title here
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Discussion
• The development of nuclear techniques by several organizations has helped in the control and eradication of infectious animal diseases globally.
• This has also contributed to the understanding of the epidemiology of many diseases.
• Diseases like rinderpest that have posed threat to the livestock industry have been eradicated by the application of these techniques through prompt diagnoses and surveillance.
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Discussion
• Using such techniques early and rapid diagnosis of TADs have helped to achieve success in disease control.
• The rapid, sensitive and specific detection of disease nucleic acids using molecular technologies (RT-PCR, PCR sequencing) and use of isotopes to label or trace virus nucleic acid or proteins have come with tremendous success.
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Discussion
• The application of these techniques in disease diagnoses and surveillance has achieved success in the control and eradication of many of the prevalent livestock diseases.
• This has improve livestock production and food security. It has also empowered farmers economically.
• The application of nuclear technique has come to stay in animal disease surveillance.
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