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Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in
Disease Prevention and Control with special Reference to Assam
Presentor: Moderator:
Dr. Ramkesh Prasad Dr. (Mrs.) Rupali Baruah, MD
PG Student Professor
Department of Community Medicine
Gauhati Medical College
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Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing is the science and art of acquiring information about material objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact with the objects, or area, or phenomenon under investigation.
Passive : Makes use of sensors that detect the reflected or emitted electro-magnetic radiation from natural sources.
Active : Makes use of sensors that detect reflected responses from objects that are irradiated from artificially-generated energy sources (RADAR, LIDAR, SONAR, Infra-red).
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History of Remote Sensing
Our ancestors used the primitive method of RS (e.g. standing on high cliff or tree to view the landscape), then came the use of lenses.
1858 Nadar used balloon to photograph Bievre,
France
1860 James Black took photographs from balloon
over Boston
1882 Archibald took first aerial photographs
from kites
1903 carrier pigeons were used for surveillance
activities
The two great Wars and the Cold war added new
dimensions to Remote Sensing technology
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Components of Remote Sensing
Sensors Processing
Application
Energy Source
Platforms
Active
Passive
Interpretation&
Analysis
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Components of Remote Sensing
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Geographical Information System
• Is a computer-aided DBMS and mapping
technology that organizes and stores large
amount of multipurpose information.
• Allows visual display of tabular information,
providing an interface between the data and map.
• Makes it easy to present information to key
decision-makers quickly, efficiently and
effectively.
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HISTORY OF GIS
1854 John Snow depicted Cholera outbreak in London using points to represent the location of cases, possibly the earliest use of geographic method.
1911-38 Malaria commission forecasted several epidemic in
India1985 CHAART took a project on the application of RS & GIS to
human health problems in China.
1993 Health Maps were created jointly by WHO & UNICEF
1998 Prediction of villages at risk of Filaria transmission in Nile
Delta (Hassan et al)
1994 High/low malaria risk villages in Mexico (Beck et al)
2001 Predictive habitat modeling for Anopheles dirus in whole of
India using GIS (Srivastava et al)
2002-06 Development of early warning system for JE (RMRC,
Dibrugrah)
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Functions of GIS
• Data entry
• Display
• Editing of Data
• Database query
• Overlay
• Statistical extraction
• Output generation
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What is Overlay?
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USES OF GIS REMOTE SENSING
1.Agriculture & Forestry
2.Urban and Rural Planning
3.Health Services
4.Disaster Management
5.Marketing Research
6.Geology and Archeology
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USE OF GIS & REMOTE SENSING IN HEALTH
1. Emergency Medical Services Delivery, 108, 911
2. Surveillance of Vector borne diseases: Malaria,
Filaria, JE etc.
3. Monitoring contamination of ground water
4. Air pollution and its impact on human health
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Recent uses:
• Study on Cholera in Bangladesh in collaboration with
CDC
• Early warning system for the outbreak of JE in
Dibrugarh, Assam
• In Patna: to assist immunization activities in interior
areas using GPS in collaboration with CDC
• Leprosy elimination in Tamil Nadu in collaboration
with DANIDA
• Evaluation of Immunization coverage using GIS in
Gujarat
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USES IN PUBLIC HEALTH
• Determining geographical distribution of disease
• Analyzing spatial and temporal trends
• Mapping of population at risk and stratify risk factors
• Assessing health care needs of a community and
resource allocation
• Planning and targeting interventions
• Monitoring disease and intervention over time
• Forecasting epidemics
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• Identify gaps in immunizations
• Monitor the utilization of health centres
• Route health workers, equipment and supplies to
service locations
• Locate the nearest health facility.
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DISEASES CURRENTLY UNDER SURVEILLANCE USING REMOTE SENSING
AND GIS IN INDIA
• JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
• MALARIA
• DENGUE
• FILARIA
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Early warning systems for JE in Assam
A Project was done on “Development of an early warning system for the outbreak of JE with the help of Remote Sensing and GIS in conjunction with the epidemiological studies in Assam”
by RMRC, Dibrugarh and NESAC, Umiam from 2002-2006
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Source: RMRC, Dibrugarh
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Source: RMRC, Dibrugarh
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Source: RMRC, Dibrugarh
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WebGIS based Planning & Facility management System developed by
NRHM, Assam
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Bongaigaon
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Abhayapuri FRU - Bongaigaon
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Abhayapuri FRU - Bongaigaon
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Abhayapuri FRU - Bongaigaon
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Abhayapuri FRU - Bongaigaon
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Remote Sensing with GIS and Primary Health Care
• Intersectoral coordination
• Appropriate technology
• Technical co-operation among countries
• Community participation
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THANK YOU