Today’s Class Announcements:
MANDATORY AP ASSEMBLY NEXT WEEK DURING CONFERENCE PERIOD IN THE AUDITORIUM:○ Monday, April 20
Freshmen & Sophomores: 7:45 – 8:30 am Juniors & Seniors: 8:45 – 9:15 am
Not that you would know it, but TUSD Stats is current (except for 13-14 Exam)○ If you missed the exam on Units 13-14, please schedule a makeup ASAP
Connections Assignment: Friday, April 24 AP Info & Review Schedule Units 1-2 Review
Final Exam Info
Part 1: Thursday, April 30 Part 2: Friday, May 1 Cheat sheets ARE allowed.
1 piece of 8.5x11” paper, but only one side of the paper this time
Nothing that unfolds or somehow gives you more space.
You don’t have to make a cheat sheet.
AP Psychology Exam Info Monday, May 4 (afternoon session)
bring photo ID, pens/pencils, & DO NOT BE LATE 2 hour, 10 minute exam
Part 1: Multiple choice○ 100 questions (A-E)○ 70 minutes○ ANSWER EVERY QUESTION! GUESS GUESS GUESS!
10 minute break Part 2: Free response
○ 2 questions○ 50 minutes○ ANSWER DIRECTLY!
AP Psychology Exam Info
Composite Score AP Grade (approx.)
96-150 5
74-95 4
55-73 3
36-54 2
0-35 1
150 total possible points (100 multiple choice, 50 free response)
Unit 1 Review Topics
Important People to Know John Locke Rene Descartes Hippocrates Sir Frances Bacon Wilhelm Wundt William James Sigmund Freud
Terms/Ideas psychology phrenology empiricism dualism tabula rasa structuralism
○ introspection functionalism Gestalt psychology
○ perceptual units psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theory
○ unconscious behaviorism humanistic psychology cognitive psychology social psychology nature vs. nurture psychology vs. psychiatry
Unit 2 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
random assignment reliability validity (internal & external) demand characteristics placebo effect double-blind design Descriptive statistics
○ measures of central tendency
○ measures of variability Inferential statistics
○ statistical significance○ meta-analysis
informed consent debriefing Institutional Review Boards
(IRBs)
Terms/Ideas hypothesis theory operational definition population sample (random sampling) Descriptive research
○ case study○ surveys○ naturalistic observation
Correlational research○ correlation coefficient (r)○ direction and size of correlations○ limitations?
Experimental research○ independent & dependent variables○ experimental & control conditions○ confounds
Unit 3 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
agonists & antagonists Nervous system
○ central and peripheral○ Peripheral Skeletal and
Autonomic○ Autonomic Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic Endocrine system
○ hormones○ pituitary gland
Mapping Brain Functions○ EEG○ CT scan○ PET scan○ MRI & fMRI
Terms/Ideas glial cells Neuron
○ cell body/soma○ nucleus○ dendrites○ axon○ myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier, Schwann cells
○ terminal buttons/terminal branches resting potential action potential threshold (“all or none law”) synapse/synaptic cleft Neurotransmitters
○ vescicles○ receptors○ reuptake (SSRIs)
Unit 3 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
Forebrain, cont.○ cerebral cortex
frontal lobeparietal lobetemporal lobeoccipital lobe
○ corpus callosum○ anterior cingulate
plasticity Important People to Know
Phineas GageH.M.
Terms/IdeasHindbrain
○ medulla○ pons○ reticular formation○ cerebellum
Midbrain○ thalamus
Forebrain○ limbic system
hippocampushypothalamusamygdala
Unit 4 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
Visual Sensation & Perception, cont.○ cues to depth perception
(monocular vs. binocular)○ motion perception
stroboscopic effect phi phenomenon
○ change blindness○ Stroop task
Auditory Sensation & Perception○ amplitude & frequency of sound
waves○ parts of the ear○ pitch theories (place theory,
frequency theory)○ cocktail party effect
gate-control theory of pain synesthesia
Terms/Ideas sensation vs. perception bottom-up & top-down processing absolute threshold
○ just-noticeable difference (JND)○ Weber’s Law
priming signal detection theory sensory adaptation transduction Visual Sensation & Perception
○ amplitude & frequency of light waves○ parts of the eye○ theories of color vision
trichromatic theory opponent-process theory (afterimages)
○ feature detector neurons
Unit 5 Review Topics Sleep, cont.
○ sleep disorders insomnia narcolepsy (hypocretin) sleep apnea night terrors
Hypnosis○ absorption○ applications of hypnosis
Psychoactive drugs○ addiction, tolerance, &
withdrawal○ 3 classes:
depressants stimulants hallucinogens
Near-death experiences
Terms/Ideas consciousness (normal/waking vs.
altered states) Sleep
○ circadian rhythm (roles of hypothalamus, pineal gland, melatonin)
○ stages of sleepbrain wave activity
○ Why do we sleep?○ Why do we dream?
Freud (manifest vs. latent content)
activation-synthesis theorymemory consolidation
Unit 6 Review Topics Operant conditioning
○ Law of Effect○ shaping○ positive & negative reinforcement○ 4 schedules of partial
reinforcement: fixed ratio variable ratio fixed interval variable interval
○ positive & negative punishment Other types of learning besides
conditioning○ latent learning○ insight learning○ social/observational learning
(modeling)○ mirror neurons
Terms/Ideas Classical conditioning
○ 4 aspects: unconditioned stimulus (US) conditioned stimulus (CS) unconditioned response (UR) conditioned response (CR)
○ acquisition○ extinction○ reacquisition○ spontaneous recovery○ stimulus discrimination○ stimulus generalization○ biological preparedness○ taste aversion (Garcia & Koelling study)○ systematic desensitization
Unit 6 Review Topics
Important People to KnowIvan PavlovJohn WatsonEdward ThorndikeBF SkinnerWolfgang KohlerAlbert BanduraRobert Rescorla
Unit 7 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
Memory, cont.○ retrograde & anterograde
amnesia○ long-term potentiation○ flashbulb memories○ memory interference
(proactive & retroactive)○ repression○ mnemonic devices
Terms/Ideas Memory
○ 3 steps to forming a memory (encoding, storage, retrieval)
○ Atkinson & Shiffring (1968): 3 Stage Model of Memorysensory memory short-term
(working) memory long-term memory○ rehearsal○ chunking○ levels/depth of processing○ primacy & recency effects○ types of memories
explicit vs. implicitepisodic, semantic, procedural
Unit 7 Review Topics
Important People to Know Hermann Ebbinghaus Elizabeth Loftus Benjamin Whorf Noam Chomsky
Terms/Ideas Thinking
○ linguistic relativity (Whorf)○ algorithms vs. heuristics
heuristics: availability, representativeness, anchor & adjust
○ confirmation bias Language
○ phonemes, morphemes○ grammar (syntax, semantics)○ Broca’s aphasia, Wernicke’s
aphasia
Unit 8 Review Topics Emotion
○ basic emotions○ catharsis○ 3 important theories of emotion
1. James-Lange2. Cannon-Bard3. two-factor theory (Schacter &
Singer)○ polygraph tests○ effects of stress
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Important People to Know
Abraham Maslow Paul Ekman Schacter & Singer Hans Selye
Terms/Ideas Motivation
○ drive-reduction theory○ law of optimal arousal (aka.
Yerkes-Dodson Law)○ Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
self-actualization
○ hunger (lateral & ventromedial hypothalamus)anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa○ evolutionary perspective on
mating habits○ flow
Unit 9 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
Psychosocial Development○ attachment styles○ critical period/imprinting○ Baumrind’s parenting styles○ Erikson’s stage model
Moral Development○ Kohlberg’s stage model
dementia/Alzheimer’s Disease Important People to Know
Jean Piaget Harry Harlow Mary Ainsworth Konrad Lorenz Lawrence Kohlberg Erik Erikson
Terms/Ideas Physical/Prenatal
Development○ zygote embryo fetus○ teratogens
Cognitive Development○ schemas (assimilation &
accomodation)○ Piaget’s stage model
object permanenceconservationegocentrism/theory of
mind○ autism
Unit 10 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
Trait approach○ factor analysis○ five-factor theory of
personality (“the Big Five”) learned helplessness
Important People to Know Sigmund Freud Anna O. Carl Jung Gordon Allport Alfred Adler
Terms/Ideas Psychoanalytic theory (aka.
psychodynamic)○ the unconscious○ Ways to access the unconscious:
dreams (manifest vs. latent content) free association hypnosis projective tests
○ id, superego, & ego○ Freud’s stage model of
psychosexual development○ Oedipus complex○ defense mechanisms:
repression, displacement, projection, regression, reaction formation, sublimation
Unit 11 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
stereotype threat Important People to Know
Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon Lewis Terman Charles Spearman Howard Gardner Robert Sternberg
Terms/Ideas Intelligence
○ general intelligence (g)○ emotional intelligence○ convergent vs. divergent thinking
(creativity)○ crystallized vs. fluid intelligence
Intelligence testing○ Intelligence quotient (IQ)○ famous IQ tests:
Binet-SimonStanford-BinetWAIS/WISC
○ standardization○ reliability (test-retest; split-half)○ validity (criterion/predictive)
Unit 12 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
Mood disorders○ Major depressive disorder (MDD)
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
○ Bipolar disorder (BD) Schizophrenia
○ delusions, hallucinations, language disruptions
Personality disorders○ especially borderline (BPD) and
antisocial (APD) Dissociative Identity Disorder
(DID) Somatoform disorders
Important People to KnowDavid Rosenhan
Terms/Ideas Diagnostic & Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV)○ 5 axes of the DSM
Anxiety Disorders○ Generalized anxiety disorder
(GAD)○ Panic disorder (PD)○ Agoraphobia○ Phobias○ Social anxiety disorder (SAD)
(aka. social phobia)○ Obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD)○ Post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD)
Unit 13 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
Types of Medication○ antipsychotics,
antidepressants, antianxiety, mood-stabilizers
“Alternative” Therapies○ electroconvulsive therapy
(ECT), rTMS, EMDR, lobotomy Important People to Know
Sigmund FreudCarl RogersAlbert Ellis
Terms/Ideas Psychoanalytic Therapy
○ resistance○ transference
Humanistic Therapy○ client-centered therapy○ active listening
Behavioral therapy○ counterconditioning○ token economies○ systematic desensitization
Cognitive therapy/cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)○ rational-emotive therapy
Unit 14 Review Topics Terms/Ideas, cont.
Stereotypes, prejudice, & discrimination○ Explicit vs. implicit attitudes (IAT)○ outgroup homogeneity, ingroup
favoritism Persuasion
○ Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
○ persuasion techniques: foot-in-the-doordoor-in-the-face
Attraction & relationships○ mere exposure effect○ halo effect○ Sternberg’s triangle theory
Group processes○ social facilitation, social loafing,
group polarization, groupthink
Terms/Ideas Hindsight bias Fundamental attribution error Social roles (Stanford Prison
Study) Cognitive dissonance Conformity
○ Informational & normative social influence
Obedience to authority Helping behavior
○ Bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility
Terror Management Theory
Unit 14 Review Topics Important People to Know
Phil ZimbardoLeon FestingerSolomon AschStanley MilgramRobert Sternberg