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CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR
18611861--18651865Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses
Shots at SumterShots at Sumter
Early CampaignsEarly Campaigns
Turning of the WarTurning of the War
Surrender @ AppamatoxSurrender @ Appamatox
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ELECTION OF 1860ELECTION OF 1860
4 MAN RACE
4 MAN RACE
Charleston ConventionCharleston Convention andand Baltimore ConventionBaltimore Convention sawsawDemocrats unable to appoint a leader (Douglass,Democrats unable to appoint a leader (Douglass,Buchanan, or Breckinridge)Buchanan, or Breckinridge)
Would break into two camps: Breckinridge in SouthWould break into two camps: Breckinridge in Southand Douglass in Northand Douglass in North
Lincoln would win the Republican nominationLincoln would win the Republican nomination
John Bell would represent theJohn Bell would represent the Constitutional UnionConstitutional Unionparty and was supported by border states and wantedparty and was supported by border states and wanted
to preserve the Unionto preserve the Union
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ISSUE OF SECESSIONISSUE OF SECESSION
Lincoln didnt win one electoral vote in theLincoln didnt win one electoral vote in theSouth yet still won the presidencySouth yet still won the presidency
South Carolina would secede in Dec. 1860South Carolina would secede in Dec. 1860
By Feb. 1861 (AL, GA, FL, TN, MS, LA, andBy Feb. 1861 (AL, GA, FL, TN, MS, LA, and
TX) would also secede meeting in MontgomeryTX) would also secede meeting in Montgomeryand becoming the Confederate States ofand becoming the Confederate States of
AmericaAmerica
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FORT SUMTERFORT SUMTER
Lincolns inaugural addressedLincolns inaugural addressedthe issue of South secedingthe issue of South secedingand ordered ALL forts to beand ordered ALL forts to beseizedseized
Ft. Pickens (Pensacola) & Ft.Ft. Pickens (Pensacola) & Ft.Sumter (Charleston)Sumter (Charleston)
South Carolina intended toSouth Carolina intended tokeep Sumter under theirkeep Sumter under theirdirection (Lincoln ordereddirection (Lincoln ordered75,000 troops)75,000 troops)
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NORTHERN ADVANTAGESNORTHERN ADVANTAGES
Overwhelming wealth (Able to finance war)Overwhelming wealth (Able to finance war)
Superior in technology and industrySuperior in technology and industry
North controlled US Navy and would use blockadesNorth controlled US Navy and would use blockades
3:1 advantage on manpower; 1/3 of souths population were3:1 advantage on manpower; 1/3 of souths population wereslavesslaves
Better railway systemBetter railway system
Lincolns political savvy and leadershipLincolns political savvy and leadership
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ADVANTAGES OF SOUTHADVANTAGES OF SOUTH
South was geographically large making it difficultSouth was geographically large making it difficult
to defeatto defeat
Home field advantage (Defensive warfareHome field advantage (Defensive warfare
dominated this era)dominated this era)
Southern generals had superior leadershipSouthern generals had superior leadership
Jefferson Davis had greater military experienceJefferson Davis had greater military experience
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MILITARY TACTICS OF WARMILITARY TACTICS OF WAR
Role of the RifleRole of the Rifle
Use of blockadesUse of blockades
Guerilla Tactics and AmbushesGuerilla Tactics and Ambushes
Trench warfareTrench warfare
Role of RailroadsRole of Railroads
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STALEMATE IN THEEASTSTALEMATE IN THEEAST
Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas)Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas)
Scotts Anaconda PlanScotts Anaconda Plan
Peninsula CampaignPeninsula Campaign
22ndnd Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas)Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas)
Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)
Battle of FredericksburgBattle of Fredericksburg
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WAR IN THEWESTWAR IN THEWEST
Battle at ShilohBattle at Shiloh
Battles for the Mississippi RiverBattles for the Mississippi River
Battle of the IroncladsBattle of the Ironclads
Role of the Freedmans BureauRole of the Freedmans Bureau
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TURNING POINTSTURNING POINTS
Battle at Gettysburg (1863)Battle at Gettysburg (1863)
Battle at Vicksburg (1863)Battle at Vicksburg (1863)
Role of Sherman in 1864Role of Sherman in 1864--18651865
Surrender @ AppamatoxSurrender @ Appamatox
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EMANCIPATIONEMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATIONPROCLAMATIONLincoln declared all slaves free inLincoln declared all slaves free in
rebellious territoriesrebellious territoriesJan. 1, 1863Jan. 1, 1863
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CONSCRIPTIONCONSCRIPTION
Northerners drafted (1863 and later) could hire aNortherners drafted (1863 and later) could hire a
substitute or pay $300 to avoid fighting in thesubstitute or pay $300 to avoid fighting in the
war; led to riots in NYCwar; led to riots in NYC
Conscription started in South (1862) and someConscription started in South (1862) and some
states had regulations that for every 20 slavesstates had regulations that for every 20 slaves
one white man could stay backone white man could stay back
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ECONOMICS DURING WARECONOMICS DURING WAR
High tariffs and an income taxHigh tariffs and an income tax
were implemented to pay for warwere implemented to pay for war
Paper money and inflation was notPaper money and inflation was not
a problem in North due toa problem in North due toconsumer confidenceconsumer confidence
Legal Tender Act issued $150Legal Tender Act issued $150million Greenbacks while themillion Greenbacks while the
National Bank Act allowed banksNational Bank Act allowed banksto issue notes in exchange forto issue notes in exchange for
buying war bondsbuying war bonds
South used both exciseSouth used both exciseand income taxes toand income taxes tofinance the warfinance the war
Inflation and scarcity ofInflation and scarcity ofgoods became a problemgoods became a problemas banks began to printas banks began to printmoney as Northernmoney as Northernblockades succeededblockades succeeded
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OTHER POLITICAL ISSUESOTHER POLITICAL ISSUES
Lincoln suspendedLincoln suspendedhabeoushabeous corpus incorpus inborder states and areasborder states and areas
of rebellionof rebellion
Supreme Court ruled inSupreme Court ruled inEx ParteEx ParteMaryland (1861)Maryland (1861)that Lincoln violatedthat Lincoln violatedexecutive powerexecutive power
Draft riots in New York andDraft riots in New York and
concerns over the longevityconcerns over the longevity
of the conflictof the conflict
Homestead Act issued 160Homestead Act issued 160
acres of land out westacres of land out west
Morrill Land Grant ActMorrill Land Grant Act--provided land /money forprovided land /money for
educational institutionseducational institutions
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ELECTION OF 1864ELECTION OF 1864
Democrats supported George McClellan whoDemocrats supported George McClellan who
was campaigning for an end to the war even if itwas campaigning for an end to the war even if it
meant for the nation to be dividedmeant for the nation to be divided
Lincoln campaigned to preserve the Union andLincoln campaigned to preserve the Union and
emancipate the slavesemancipate the slaves