AP BiologyMonday, April 10, 2023
Science as a process of inquiry
Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society
A. Built on repeatable observations & testable, falsifiable hypotheses
B. You question and investigate
A. The core theme to Biology
B. Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection
Organisms don’t adapt; Organisms have adaptations.
2007-2008
-- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973
Geneticist, Columbia University(1900-1975)
C. Evolution explains unity and diversity1. Unitya) what do organisms have in common & why do
similarities exist?i. common biochemistry & physiologyii. evolutionary relationshipsiii. connected through common ancestor
2. Diversitya) But why are there
differences?i. natural selectionii. adaptations allow different
individuals to survive in different environments
A. Organizing systems1. Makes sense of all diversity2. Heirarchy
a) Protons, neutrons, electronsb) Atomc) Molecule
d) Cellse) Tissues, organs, organ systemsf) ORGANISMSg) Species- populations, one kind of speciesh) Communities- multiple kinds of speciesi) Biomesj) Biosphere- everything on Earth
A. Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
EukaryaBacteria Archaea
A. Life is an open system1. Energy Input
a) Must flow in and out constantly
2. Nutrient Inputa) Recycling of nutrients
via carbon, nitrogen, water, and phosphorous cycles
ENTROPY RULES!DECOMPOSERS RULE, too!
nutrients
You think they’re eating…They’re harvestingenergy!
A. Continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA
1. DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from one generation to the next
You can make more,a lot like you!
TRAIT
A. Structure and function and be seen at every level in biology
organism
cell organelle
organ
A. Organisms must maintain a balance1. Maintained through homeostasis2. Feedback driven
a) Monitors and operates only when needed
A. Everything is connected1. Communities and ecosystems are
intertwined with one another
A. Science & technology must function within the rules of society
1. ethics
A. Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge
1. too much to memorize it all2. need to generalize 3. create a framework upon which to
organize new knowledge 4. themes are the key to understanding
the nature of living organisms