Morphogenesis over time
Animal development
Zygote(fertilized egg)
Eight cells Blastula(cross section)
Gastrula(cross section)
Adult animal(sea star)
Cellmovement
Gut
Cell division
Morphogenesis
Observable cell differentiation
Seedleaves
Shootapicalmeristem
Rootapicalmeristem
PlantEmbryoinside seed
Two cellsZygote(fertilized egg)
Plant development
Cloning of DollyMammarycell donor
Egg celldonor
Egg cellfrom ovary Nucleus
removedCells fusedCultured
mammary cellsare semistarved,arresting the cellcycle and causingdedifferentiation
Nucleus frommammary cell
Early embryo
Grown in culture
Implanted in uterusof a third sheep
Surrogatemother
Embryonicdevelopment
Lamb (“Dolly”) genetically identicalto mammary cell donor
LE 21-9
Embryonic stem cells Adult stem cells
Pluripotentcells
Totipotentcells
Culturedstem cells
Differentcultureconditions
Differenttypes ofdifferentiatedcells
Liver cells Nerve cells Blood cells
Maternal Effect and Zygote Polarity Animal pole
Vegetalhemisphere Vegetal pole
Point of sperm entry
Animalhemisphere
.
Sperm
Molecules of acytoplasmicdeterminant Fertilization
Nucleus
Molecules of anothercytoplasmic determinant
Unfertilized egg cell
Zygote(fertilized egg)
Mitotic cell division
Two-celledembryo
Cytoplasmic determinants in the egg
.
Early embryo(32 cells)
Signaltransductionpathway
Signalreceptor
Signalmolecule(inducer)
NUCLEUS
Stem cells communicating using ligand molecules
Segment Genes Adultfruit fly
Fruit fly embryo(10 hours)
Flychromosome
Mousechromosomes
Mouse embryo(12 days)
Adult mouse