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AP BiologyAP Biology
AP BIOLOGY
BIG IDEAS
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AP Biology
BIG IDEA #1 BIG IDEA #1 • The process of evolution drives the
diversity and unity of life.ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS• 1A – Change in the genetic makeup
of a population over time is evolution.• 1B – Organisms are linked by lines of
descent from common ancestry.• 1C – Life continues to evolve within a
changing environment.• 1D – The origin of living systems is
explained by natural processes.
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AP Biology
Natural Natural selectionselection
• Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection
Organisms don’t adapt;
Organisms have adaptations.
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AP Biology
Evolution explains unity Evolution explains unity & diversity& diversity
• Unityo what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist?
• common biochemistry & physiologyo evolutionary relationshipso connected through common ancestor
• Diversityo but why are there
differences?• natural selection• adaptations allow different
individuals to survive in different environments
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AP BiologyAP Biology
"Nothing in biology "Nothing in biology makes sense except makes sense except
in the light of in the light of evolution."evolution."
-- Theodosius DobzhanskyMarch 1973
Geneticist, Columbia University(1900-1975)
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AP Biology
BIG IDEA #2BIG IDEA #2• Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building
blocks to grow, to reproduce, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.
ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS• 2A – Growth, reproduction and maintenance of the organization
of living systems require free energy and matter.• 2B – Growth, reproduction and dynamic homeostasis require
that cells create and maintain internal environments that are different from their external environments.
• 2C – Organisms use feedback mechanisms to regulate growth and reproduction, and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.
• 2D – Growth and dynamic homeostasis of a biological system are influenced by changes in the system’s environment.
• 2E – Many biological processes involved in growth, reproduction and dynamic homeostasis include temporal regulation and coordination.
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AP Biology
Energy Energy transfertransfer
• Life is an open systemo need input of energy
• energy flows througho energy is captured and
stored in molecules via photosynthesis
o energy is released as heat and through cellular respiration
o need input of materials• nutrients are recycled
ENTROPY RULES!DECOMPOSERS
RULE, too!
nutrients
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AP Biology
Energy utilizationEnergy utilization
You think they’re eating…
They’re harvestingenergy!
HomeostasisGrowth
Reproduction
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AP Biology
Form follows functionForm follows function• The alignment of structure & function is seen
at all levels of biology
organism
cell organelle
organ
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AP Biology
MembranesMembranes• Membranes separate the internal from external
AND compartmentalize the internal environment.
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AP Biology
Regulation Regulation • Organisms need to maintain a “steady
state” in the face of changing conditions o maintain homeostasiso achieve this through feedback
• monitor the body like a thermostat• turn on when it’s needed, off when its not
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AP Biology
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AP Biology
Complex InteractionsComplex Interactions• From cells to ecosystems – all life is influenced by
biotic and abiotic factors.o Life is universal
• common biochemistry & physiologyo Photosynthesis, Cellular Respirationo Feedback loops
o Life is diverse • natural selection• adaptations allow different individuals to survive in different
environments
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AP Biology
TimingTiming• All life follows a tempo
o There is a specific sequence of timing and coordination that allows for life to develop, grow and reproduce.
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AP Biology
BIG IDEA #3BIG IDEA #3• Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to
information essential to life processes.ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS• 3A – Heritable information provides for continuity of life.• 3B – Expression of genetic information involves cellular
and molecular mechanisms.• 3C – The processing of genetic information is imperfect
and is a source of genetic variation.• 3D – Cells communicate by generating, transmitting
and receiving chemical signals.• 3E – Transmission of information results in changes
within and between biological systems.
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AP Biology
Continuity & changeContinuity & change• Continuity of life is based on heritable
information in the form of DNAo DNA – the genetic
material – carries biological information from one generation to the next
You can make more,a lot like you!
TRAIT
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AP Biology
CommunicationCommunication
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AP Biology
BIG IDEA #4BIG IDEA #4
• Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties.
ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS• 4A – Interactions within biological systems lead
to complex properties.• 4B – Competition and cooperation are important
aspects of biological systems.• 4C – Naturally occurring diversity among and
between components within biological systems affects interactions with the environment.
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AP Biology
OrganizationOrganization• Molecular Level
o Monomers Polymers
• Cellular Levelo Nucleus, ribosomes, ER, Golgi App…
• Organism Levelo Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System
• Ecological Levelo Organism (individual), population,
community, ecosystem
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AP Biology
Interdependence Interdependence • All parts of the whole are interdependent
o Cell needs organelles…o Polymers needs monomers…o Populations need other populations in a community…
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AP Biology
Organizing systemsOrganizing systems• Making sense out of the diversity• Hierarchical
scheme
Eastern gray squirrelSciurus carolinensis
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AP Biology