ANTIMvONYANTIMONY
20 000
18 000
16 000
14 000
12 000
10 000
8 000
6 000
4 000
2 000
02002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
AN
TIM
ON
Y P
RIC
E U
SD /
MT
(99
.65%
SB
)
ANTIMONY HAS INCREASED IN PRICE OVER 500%IN THE LAST
11 YEARS
23 JULY 2001 - 23 AUGUST 2013ANTIMONY PRICES
ANTIMONY IS A METAL THAT OCCURS NATURALLY IN THE EARTH’S CRUST.
THE PRODUCT IS MOSTLY SOLD COMMERCIALLY AS METAL INGOTS OR AS ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE POWDER.
ANTIMONY USESANTIMONY HAS A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT USES, BUT IS PRIMARILY USED AS A FLAME RETARDANT.
250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
2011
LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
FLAME RETARDANTS
LEAD ALLOYS
GLASS & CERAMICS
OTHER
Lead alloyed with antimony is stronger and harder - especially useful in the lead-acid batteries found in cars.
Antimony acts as a decolourizing agent when added to optical glass. �is is useful in cameras, binoculars, and iPad screens.
When mixed with antimony, plastics and electronics can be used in applications where they would otherwise MELT OR CATCH FIRE.
Furniture upholstery, insulation and decorative foams, and building materials
Optical cables, main adaptors, portable electronics
Plastic casings, resin circuit boards, switches and components
Clothing and hospital linen
Seats, cables, and plastic in motor vehicles
Forest fire flame retardants
Some of antimony’s current minor uses could be the major drivers behind an unprecedented jump in demand. �is includes its use in semiconductors and recordable media.
GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ANTIMONY IS DOMINATED BY CHINA, AND RESERVES WILL BE EXHAUSTED BY 2019 AT CURRENT RATES.
MINE PRODUCTION
ANTIMONY SUPPLY
GLOBAL RESERVES: 1,831,000 TONNES
BY COUNTRY
17% of global antimony supply is currently sourced from many small, polluting, and illegal antimony mining operations in China.
Regulators are beginning to identify and close down these operations - if successful, global antimony supply could be significantly reduced.
WHILE CHINA ACCOUNTS FOR NEARLY HALF OF ALL
REMAINING ANTIMONY RESERVES, IT HAS NEARLY
EXHAUSTED IT’S SUPPLY OF HIGH GRADE ANTIMONY ORE.
17%
55%
7% 5%
3%
3%
1.5% 1%
5%
2.5%
ILLEGAL CHINESE PRODUCTION
LEGAL CHINESE PRODUCTION
203,500 TONNES[ [
THAT IS JUST
AT CURRENT PRODUCTION RATES
CHINA - LEGAL: 55%
CHINA - ILLEGAL: 17%
OTHER ASIA: 7%
RUSSIA: 5%
TAJIKISTAN: 5%
NORTH AMERICA: 3%
SOUTH AMERICA: 3%
MYANMAR : 2.5%
SOUTH AFRICA : 1.5%
AUSTRALIA : 1%
THE ONLY ANTIMONY MINE IN PRODUCTION IN NORTH AMERICA IS LOCATED IN CENTRAL NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA.
(ROSKILL 2012)
(ROSKILL 2012)
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
7 YEARS LEFT
STRONG DEMAND FOR ANTIMONY COMBINED
WITH DWINDLING AND PRECARIOUS SUPPLY WILL
ONLY EXACERBATE THE CURRENT SUPPLY DEFICIT.
AS THE WORLD SAW WITH GRAPHITE AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
SUPPLY DEFICITS CAN LEAD TO LARGE OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENT. THE PRICE OF ANTIMONY IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE IN RESPONSE TO THE SUPPLY GAP.
ROSKILL INFORMATION SERVICES LTD. - ANTIMONY : CHANGES IN THE PATTERN OF SUPPY AND DEMAND
WORLD: ANTIMONY DEMAND AND SUPPLY FORECAST2005-2016 (T SB)
250 000
200 000
150 000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
EXPECTED DEMAND
POSSIBLE PRODUCTION RANGE. ACTUAL PRODUCTION DEPENDENT ON HOW MANY ILLEGAL MINES IN CHINA ARE SHUTDOWN.
HISTORICAL DEMAND
HISTORICAL PRODUCTION
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