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Antennas:Hints and Kinks
North Fulton Amateur Radio LeagueMarch 15, 2016
Chuck Catledge, AE4CW
Questions and Discussion Welcome!
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What’s the MOST ImportantComponent in your Shack?
Your ANTENNA!!!
![Page 3: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How did this thing
we call an Antenna come about?
Let’s go back in time
and
find the answer
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Electricity is Magnetic!
In 1831
Michael Faraday (English)
and
Joseph Henry (American)
discovered that
a moving magnet
produces an
electric current
in a nearby wire!
![Page 5: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Electricity is Magnetic!
These two fellows discovered the basis for the electrification of the entire world!
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Electricity is Magnetic!33 years later James Clerk Maxwell,
a Scottish theoretical physicist and mathematician
postulated that Electric and Magnetic fields
electromagnetic wavesproduce
that include radio, x-rays and light!
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Maxwell’sEquations (Simplified!)(by Oliver Heaviside)
Electric and Magnetic Fields Propagate thru
Space
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Electricity is Magnetic!And then in 1888 Heinrich Hertz
...based on the work of
Faraday, Henry and Maxwell...
constructed a Radio transmitter and receiver
and proved that electromagnetic waves exist!
![Page 10: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electricity is Magnetic!
Heinrich Hertz Transmitter and Receiver
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The Basic Dipole
Current vs. Voltage Impedance FollowsOhm’s Law: Z=E / I
e.g.100W at 50 ohms, Z = 70.7V / 1.41A
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Impedance of Half-Wave DipoleOver “Ground”
Perfect Ground
Real Ground
72 Ohms!
50 Ohms?
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Demystifying Antenna Gain
Isotropic Antennain Free SpaceGain = 0 dBi
Dipole AntennaOver Ave. Ground
½ WL HighGain = 7.2 dBi
Dipole Antennain Free SpaceGain = 2.15 dBi
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Height Matters!For Horizontal Antennas
7.21 dBi Max Gain
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Height Matters!For Horizontal Antennas
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How About Horizontal vs. Vertical Antennas on 40M?
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How About Horizontal vs. Vertical Antennas on 80M?
6.53 dBi Max Gain
![Page 18: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
No Antenna is Perfect...
But, how about one that you can:
�Build in About One Hour
�Use on 40 and 15M without a Tuner
�Use on 30, 20, 17, 12 and 10M with a Modest Tuner (with some coax loss)
�Work DX and Local Stations
�Fit in as little as 44 Feet of Space
�Build and Install for Less than $20 Including Coax Feed Line!!
![Page 19: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
40-15M Dipole
40’ High
#14 Insulated Wire
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40-15M Dipole
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40-15M Dipole
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40-15M Inverted “V”
>120 deg.
40’ High at Apex
#14 Insulated Wire
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40-15M Inverted “V”
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40-15M Inverted “V”
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40-15M Attic “Z”
25’ High#14 Insulated Wire
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40-15M Attic “Z”
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40-15M Attic “Z”
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Materials
• Wire – 70 feet for $10• Insulators – Home Brew for $1• Coax – 100 feet for $20• Coax Connector – 1 for $3
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How About Loop Antennas?
How Well do they Work?
“I call them Miracle Workers!”
![Page 30: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
No Antenna is Perfect...
But, how about one that you can:
�Build in About Two Hours
�Use on 40, 20, 15 and 10M without a Tuner
�Use on 30, 17 and 12M with a Good Tuner
�Work DX and Local Stations
�Fit in 60 Feet of Space Between Supports
�Buy for Less than $70 Including Feed Line!!
�Add a 4:1 Balun for $50
![Page 31: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Side-Fed Inverted Delta Loop
(Short!)
300 ohmwindow line58, 87,116 ft.
Short50 ohmcoax
4:1Balun
54 Ft.
42.5 Ft.
30.5 Ft.
12 Ft.
60’ High at Top
#14 Insulated Wire
![Page 32: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Resonant on 40, 20, 15 and 10MPlus 30, 17 and 12M with a Good Tuner
40M 20M 15M 10M
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Takeoff Angles Good forDX and Local Contacts
5.58 dBi Max Gain
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Materials
DX Engineering160M Dipole Kit
$69.95
Balun Designs4:1 300 Watt Balun
$49.95
![Page 35: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
No Antenna is Perfect...
But, how about one that you can:
�Build in About Three Hours
�Use on 80, 40, 20, 17, 15, 12 and 10M with an SWR under 3:1...most under 2:1
�Use on 30 with a Modest Tuner
�Excellent DX on 40M and above
�Low Transmission Line and Balun Losses
�Buy for Less than $80 Including Feed Line!!
�Add a 4:1 Balun for $50 (300 Watt or less)
![Page 36: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Horizontal Loop Skywirede Dave Fisher, W0HMS
(Short!)
Short50 ohmcoax
4:1Balun
300 ohmwindow line100 ft.
68.5 Ft.
68.5 Ft.68.5 Ft.
22.5 Ft. 46.0 Ft.
60 Ft.High
#14 Insulated Wire
![Page 37: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Under 3:1 SWR on All BandsExcept 60 and 30M
40M80M 30M 20M 17M 15M 12M 10M
3.7 7.3 17.814.3 21.3 28.424.910.9
X
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80M - High Takeoff Angle & Mod. Gain (4.2 dBi)Circular Pattern
5.58 dBi Max Gain
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40M – Med. Takeoff Angle & Good Gain (6.1 dBi)Nearly Circular Patten
5.58 dBi Max Gain
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20M - Low Takeoff Angle & High Gain (9.99 dBi)Moderately Sharp Lobes and Nulls
5.58 dBi Max Gain
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15M - Low Takeoff Angle & High Gain (13.7 dBi)Sharp Lobes and Nulls
5.58 dBi Max Gain
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Materials
DX Engineering 160M Dipole Kit - $69.95
Plus 4 corner insulators and 20 feet more wire.
Balun Designs4:1 300 Watt Balun
$49.95
![Page 43: Antennas: Hints and Kinks - nfarl.org · Antennas: Hints and Kinks North Fulton Amateur Radio League March 15, 2016 Chuck Catledge, AE4CW Questions and Discussion Welcome!](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020120/5b1510e07f8b9a7d068d6f22/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Has Anyone Tried a“Coupled Resonator”
Antenna?
What are they Good forHow Well do they Work?
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A “Fan” Dipole Offers Multiband OperationBut Can Be Tricky To Tune
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40-15M Dipole
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Coupled Resonator Dipolesfor 40, 30 and 15 Meters
~67’
~46’40-15M30M
3.5” Spacingnot to scale
65’ High#14 Insulated Wire
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Coupled Resonator Dipolesfor 40, 30 and 15 Meters
40M 30M 15M
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Coupled Resonator Dipolesfor 40, 30, 20 and 15 Meters
~33’ ~67’
~46’20M
40-15M30M
3.5” and 2.5” spacingnot to scale
#14 Insulated Wire
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Coupled Resonator Dipolesfor 40, 30, 20 and 15 Meters
40M 30M 15M20M
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Coupled Resonator Verticalsfor 80 Meters – Easy Addition to 80M Vertical
Wire 1 ~ 67’Wire 2 ~ 59’Spacing = 3.5”
#14 Insulated Wire
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Coupled Resonator Verticalsfor 80 Meters – Covers The Entire Band!
80M SWL < 2:1 Across Entire Band
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Hints and Kinks Summary
Height Matters• Affects impedance and wire length• Affects gain and take-off angle
Gain Matters• Every 3 dB of gain double your power
Loops Rule!• Multiple bands with a single wire• Increased gain on higher bands
Coupled Resonators• Additional bands or greater bandwidth
Modeling• Saves time, material and money $$$• Gets you on the air with a better antenna
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Questions Please?
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Thanks for Your Attentionand Participation!
The End
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No Antenna is Perfect...
But, how about one that you can:
�Can be home-brewed or purchased
�Use on 20, 17, 15, 12 and 10M with an SWR under 1.5:1 plus 6M option
�Excellent DX and U.S. Antenna
�Small footprint and very good gain
�Build for Less than $400; buy for < $500.
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Broadband Hex Beamde Steve Hunt, G3TXQ
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Broadband Hex Beamde Steve Hunt, G3TXQ
HEX Beam at 43 Feet – Shack SWR
20M 17M 15M 12M 10M
HEX Beam at 43 Feet – Shack SWR
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20M - Low Takeoff Angle & High Gain (10.2 dBi)
Broad Lobes and Good Side/Back Reject.
5.58 dBi Max Gain
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15M - Dual Takeoff Angles & High Gain (10.2 dBi)
Broad Lobe and Good Side/Back Reject.
5.58 dBi Max Gain
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10M - Dual Takeoff Angles & High Gain (10.3 dBi)
Broad Lobe and Good Side/Back Reject.
5.58 dBi Max Gain